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{{Short description|Type of dry toilet that burns human feces}}
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[[Image:L-toilet5-fire.png|right|thumb|290px|An example of an early (1904) incinerating toilet from the [[Lexikon der gesamten Technik]]]]
{{Lead too short|date=July 2023}}
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[[File:Entrance to the toilet part of the WiC. The blue section to the right also contains some of the drying and combustion components. (13466401585).jpg|thumb|Example of incineration toilet under development by [[RTI International]]. The blue section to the right contains some of the drying and combustion components.]]
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[[File:L-toilet5-fire.png|thumb|An example of an early (1904) incinerating toilet from the ''[[Lexikon der gesamten Technik]]'']]
An '''incinerating toilet''' is a type of [[dry toilet]] that burns [[human feces]] instead of flushing them away with [[water]], as does a [[flush toilet]].<ref>[http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/upload/2002_06_28_mtb_incinera.pdf] "Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet - Incinerating Toilets", EPA 832-F-99-072 (1999)</ref>

An '''incinerating toilet''' is a type of [[dry toilet]] that burns [[human feces]] instead of flushing them away with [[water]], as does a [[flush toilet]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epa.gov/environmental-topics/water-topics|title=Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet - Incinerating Toilets|first=OMS|last=US EPA|date=November 8, 2016|website=www.epa.gov}}</ref> The thermal energy used to incinerate the waste can be derived from electricity, fuel, oil, or liquified petroleum gas. They are relatively inefficient because of the fuel used.<ref>{{cite book | last=Pfafflin | first=J.R. | last2=Ziegler | first2=E.N. | title=Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volumes One and Two | publisher=CRC Press | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-4398-5186-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCXSCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1088 | access-date=26 February 2024 | page=1088}}</ref>

== History ==
⚫
[[File:Entrance to the toilet part of the WiC. The blue section to the right also contains some of the drying and combustion components. (13466401585).jpg|thumb|upright|Example of incineration toilet under development by [[RTI International]]. The blue section to the right contains some of the drying and combustion components.]]

The first commercially successful incinerating toilet was the Destroilet, patented in 1946. Destroilets were used on ships in the 1960s when laws were passed to prevent the dumping of raw sewage into American waterways.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Incinerating_Toilet_Destroilet.php|title=The Destroilet Incinerating Toilet, features, history, design, operation of an elecrtric incinerating toilet|website=inspectapedia.com}}</ref>

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In 2011, the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] launched the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" to promote safer, more effective ways to treat human excreta. Several research teams have received funding to work on developing toilets based on solid waste combustion.<ref>Elisabeth von Muench, Dorothee Spuhler, Trevor Surridge, Nelson Ekane, Kim Andersson, Emine Goekce Fidan, Arno Rosemarin (2013) [http://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-2042-ssp-17okt20134-10-about-the-gates-sanitation-grants-on-forum.pdf Sustainable Sanitation Alliance members take a closer look at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s sanitation grants], Sustainable Sanitation Practice Journal, Issue 17, p. 4-10</ref> For example, a toilet under development by [[RTI International]] is based on electrochemical disinfection and solid waste combustion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abettertoilet.org/toilet-technologies/ |title=Our Technology &#124; A Better Toilet |access-date=March 17, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317082223/http://abettertoilet.org/toilet-technologies/ |archive-date=March 17, 2014 }} RTI Reinvent the Toilet Project Team - Technology Overview</ref> This technology converts feces into burnable pieces and then uses [[Thermoelectric generator|thermoelectric]] devices to convert the thermal energy into electrical energy.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

== Design ==

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Incinerating toilets may be powered by [[electricity]], [[natural gas|gas]], [[Dry animal dung fuel|dried feces]] or other energy sources.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://envirocompostingtoilets.co.nz/|title=Enviro Composting Toilet Systems NZ|website=Enviro Composting Toilet Systems NZ|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinderellaeco.no/|title=Cinderella Forbrenningstoalett - Forsiden|website=www.cinderellaeco.no|access-date=2016-11-28}}</ref> Incinerating toilets gather excrement in an integral ashpan and then incinerate it, reducing it to [[pathogen]]-free ash.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.toiletwire.com/how-does-a-composting-toilet-work/| title= Composting Toilet Systems | access-date = 24 September 2016}}</ref> Some will also incinerate "grey water" created from showers and sinks.{{cn|date=July 2023}}

== Applications ==


Incinerating toilets are used only for niche applications, which include:
Incinerating toilets are used only for niche applications, which include:

* Apartments with limited or difficult access to waste plumbing.
* Apartments with limited or difficult access to waste plumbing.
* Houses without access to drains, and where building a [[septic tank]] would be difficult or uneconomic.
* Houses without access to drains, and where building a [[septic tank]] would be difficult or uneconomic.
* On [[yacht]]s and [[barge|canal barges]], as an alternative to a "black water" [[holding tank]], which needs to be pumped out occasionally.
* On [[yacht]]s and [[barge|canal barges]], as an alternative to a [[Blackwater (waste)|blackwater]] holding tank, which needs to be pumped out occasionally.
* On [[mobile home]]s, [[recreational vehicle|RVs]] and [[Caravan (towed trailer)|caravans]]/(trailers).
* On [[mobile home]]s, [[recreational vehicle]]s and [[Caravan (towed trailer)|caravans]]/(trailers).


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== References ==
⚫
Incinerating toilets may be powered by [[electricity]], [[natural gas|gas]], [[Dry animal dung fuel|dried feces]] or other energy sources.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://envirocompostingtoilets.co.nz/|title=Enviro Composting Toilet Systems NZ|website=Enviro Composting Toilet Systems NZ|language=en-US|access-date=2016-11-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cinderellaeco.no/|title=Cinderella Forbrenningstoalett - Forsiden|website=www.cinderellaeco.no|access-date=2016-11-28}}</ref> Incinerating toilets gather excrement in an integral ashpan and then incinerate it,<ref> As in the ''"Incinolet"'' toilet: [https://incinolet.com]</ref> reducing it to [[pathogen]]-free ash.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.toiletwire.com/how-does-a-composting-toilet-work/| title= Composting Toilet Systems | accessdate = 24 September 2016}}</ref> Some will also incinerate "grey water" created from showers and sinks.


{{refs}}
==Research==
⚫
In 2011 the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] launched the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" to promote safer, more effective ways to treat human excreta. Several research teams have received funding to work on developing toilets based on solid waste combustion.<ref>Elisabeth von Muench, Dorothee Spuhler, Trevor Surridge, Nelson Ekane, Kim Andersson, Emine Goekce Fidan, Arno Rosemarin (2013) [http://www.susana.org/_resources/documents/default/2-2042-ssp-17okt20134-10-about-the-gates-sanitation-grants-on-forum.pdf Sustainable Sanitation Alliance members take a closer look at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s sanitation grants], Sustainable Sanitation Practice Journal, Issue 17, p. 4-10</ref> For example, a toilet under development by [[RTI International]] is based on electrochemical disinfection and solid waste combustion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abettertoilet.org/toilet-technologies/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 17, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317082223/http://abettertoilet.org/toilet-technologies/ |archivedate=March 17, 2014 }} RTI Reinvent the Toilet Project Team - Technology Overview</ref> This technology converts feces into burnable pieces and then uses [[Thermoelectric generator|thermoelectric]] devices to convert the thermal energy into electrical energy.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}


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== External links ==
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==References==
{{reflist}}

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==External links==
{{commonscat}}
{{commonscat}}

* {{cite web
| title =Incinerating Toilets - Compendium of Information on Alternative Onsite Septic System Technology in Massachusetts
* {{ cite web | title =Incinerating Toilets - Compendium of Information on Alternative Onsite Septic System Technology in Massachusetts | publisher =Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment | year =2007 | url =https://www.barnstablecountyhealth.org/resources/publications/compendium-of-information-on-alternative-onsite-septic-system-technology/incinerating-toilets | access-date = 21 July 2021 }}
* {{cite web |last=Freidman |first=Daniel |title=Using Incinerating Toilets as Components of Alternative Septic Systems for Difficult Sites |date=2007-07-14 |url=http://www.inspect-ny.com/septic/altincinerate.htm |access-date=2007-12-15 |archive-date=2006-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016144746/http://www.inspect-ny.com/septic/altincinerate.htm |url-status=bot: unknown }}
| publisher =Barnstable County Department of Health and Environment
* {{cite web |title=Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet: Incinerating Toilets |publisher=United States Environmental Protection Agency |date=September 1999 |url=http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/incinera.pdf |access-date=2007-12-15 |archive-date=2000-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000930061701/http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/incinera.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}
| year =2007
| url =http://www.barnstablecountyhealth.org/ia-systems/information-center/compendium-of-information-on-alternative-onsite-septic-system-technology
| accessdate = 2011-06-07}}
* {{cite web
| last = Freidman
| first = Daniel
| title = Using Incinerating Toilets as Components of Alternative Septic Systems for Difficult Sites
| work =
| publisher =
| date = 2007-07-14
| url = http://www.inspect-ny.com/septic/altincinerate.htm
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-12-15 }}
* {{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet: Incinerating Toilets
| work =
| publisher =United States Environmental Protection Agency
| date =September 1999
| url =http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/incinera.pdf
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-12-15 }}


{{Toilets}}
{{Toilets}}

Latest revision as of 12:42, 4 September 2024

An example of an early (1904) incinerating toilet from the Lexikon der gesamten Technik

An incinerating toilet is a type of dry toilet that burns human feces instead of flushing them away with water, as does a flush toilet.[1] The thermal energy used to incinerate the waste can be derived from electricity, fuel, oil, or liquified petroleum gas. They are relatively inefficient because of the fuel used.[2]

History

[edit]
Example of incineration toilet under development by RTI International. The blue section to the right contains some of the drying and combustion components.

The first commercially successful incinerating toilet was the Destroilet, patented in 1946. Destroilets were used on ships in the 1960s when laws were passed to prevent the dumping of raw sewage into American waterways.[3]

In 2011, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation launched the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" to promote safer, more effective ways to treat human excreta. Several research teams have received funding to work on developing toilets based on solid waste combustion.[4] For example, a toilet under development by RTI International is based on electrochemical disinfection and solid waste combustion.[5] This technology converts feces into burnable pieces and then uses thermoelectric devices to convert the thermal energy into electrical energy.[citation needed]

Design

[edit]

Incinerating toilets may be powered by electricity, gas, dried feces or other energy sources.[6][7] Incinerating toilets gather excrement in an integral ashpan and then incinerate it, reducing it to pathogen-free ash.[8] Some will also incinerate "grey water" created from showers and sinks.[citation needed]

Applications

[edit]

Incinerating toilets are used only for niche applications, which include:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ US EPA, OMS (November 8, 2016). "Water Efficiency Technology Fact Sheet - Incinerating Toilets". www.epa.gov.
  2. ^ Pfafflin, J.R.; Ziegler, E.N. (2006). Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volumes One and Two. CRC Press. p. 1088. ISBN 978-1-4398-5186-9. Retrieved 26 February 2024.
  3. ^ "The Destroilet Incinerating Toilet, features, history, design, operation of an elecrtric incinerating toilet". inspectapedia.com.
  4. ^ Elisabeth von Muench, Dorothee Spuhler, Trevor Surridge, Nelson Ekane, Kim Andersson, Emine Goekce Fidan, Arno Rosemarin (2013) Sustainable Sanitation Alliance members take a closer look at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s sanitation grants, Sustainable Sanitation Practice Journal, Issue 17, p. 4-10
  5. ^ "Our Technology | A Better Toilet". Archived from the original on March 17, 2014. Retrieved March 17, 2014. RTI Reinvent the Toilet Project Team - Technology Overview
  6. ^ "Enviro Composting Toilet Systems NZ". Enviro Composting Toilet Systems NZ. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
  7. ^ "Cinderella Forbrenningstoalett - Forsiden". www.cinderellaeco.no. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
  8. ^ "Composting Toilet Systems". Retrieved 24 September 2016.
[edit]
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