Jump to content

ʻEua: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 21°23′15″S 174°56′02″W / 21.38750°S 174.93389°W / -21.38750; -174.93389
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
ipa
mNo edit summary
 
(16 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Island in Tonga}}
{{short description|Island in Tonga}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox islands
{{Infobox islands
|name = {{okina}}Eua
|name = ʻEua
|image_name = File:ʻEuaFromTheISS(Cropped).jpg
|image_name = File:ʻEuaFromTheISS(Cropped).jpg
|image_caption =
|image_caption =
Line 16: Line 17:
|elevation_m = 312
|elevation_m = 312
|country = Tonga
|country = Tonga
|country_admin_divisions_title =Vaka'uta
|country_admin_divisions_title = Vakaʻuta
|country_admin_divisions =KVL
|country_admin_divisions = KVL
|country_largest_city = 'Ohonua
|country_largest_city = ʻOhonua
|country_largest_city_population =
|country_largest_city_population =
|population = 4,903<ref name=MT2021Census>{{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/24/tongas-population-drops-100209 |title=Tonga's population drops to 100,209 |publisher=Matangi Tonga |date=24 December 2021 |access-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224045529/https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/24/tongas-population-drops-100209 |archive-date=24 December 2021}}</ref>
|population = 4,903<ref name=MT2021Census>{{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/24/tongas-population-drops-100209 |title=Tonga's population drops to 100,209 |publisher=Matangi Tonga |date=24 December 2021 |access-date=24 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224045529/https://matangitonga.to/2021/12/24/tongas-population-drops-100209 |archive-date=24 December 2021}}</ref>
Line 24: Line 25:
|density_km2 = 60.04
|density_km2 = 60.04
|ethnic_groups = Tongan (majority), European, Chinese, Pacific Islanders
|ethnic_groups = Tongan (majority), European, Chinese, Pacific Islanders
|image_map=Eua in Tonga.svg}}
}}
[[File:Eua in Tonga.svg|thumb|120px|Location of 'Eua District in Tonga]]
[[File:Eua in Tonga.svg|thumb|120px|Location of ʻEua District in Tonga]]
[[File:ʻEua.gif|thumb|right|170px|Map of 'Eua]]
[[File:ʻEua.gif|thumb|right|170px|Map of ʻEua]]


'''{{okina}}Eua''' {{IPA-to|ʔe.ˈu.a|}} is an island in the kingdom of [[Tonga]]. It is close to [[Tongatapu]], but forms a separate [[Administrative divisions of Tonga|administrative division]]. It has an area of {{convert|87.44|km2|2|abbr=on}}, and a population in 2021 of 4,903 people.
'''ʻEua''' {{IPA-to|ʔe.ˈu.a|}} is an island in the kingdom of [[Tonga]]. It is close to [[Tongatapu]], but forms a separate [[Administrative divisions of Tonga|administrative division]]. It has an area of {{convert|87.44|km2|2|abbr=on}}, and a population in 2021 of 4,903 people. The island leads in agriculture, tourism, and some of the forestry helps the island economically.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ʿEua |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Eua }}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
{{okina}}Eua is a hilly island, the highest peaks are the ''Te{{okina}}emoa'' (chicken manure) 312&nbsp;m, and the ''Vaiangina'' (watersprings) 305&nbsp;m. The island is not volcanic, but was shaped by the rubbing of the [[Tonga Plate]] against the [[Pacific Plate]], pushing {{okina}}Eua up and leaving the {{convert|7|km|mi|adj=mid|-deep}} [[Tonga Trench]] on the bottom of the ocean, a short distance towards the east. The soil of {{okina}}Eua is volcanic, as is that of Tongatapu, but only the top layer, deposited by eruptions of nearby volcanoes ten thousands years ago. Under it are the solid rocks of pushed-up coral. {{okina}}Eua counts many huge caves and holes, not all of which have yet been explored.
ʻEua is a hilly island, the highest peaks are the ''Teʻemoa'' (chicken manure) 312&nbsp;m, and the ''Vaiangina'' (watersprings) 305&nbsp;m. The island is not volcanic, but was shaped by the rubbing of the [[Tonga Plate]] against the [[Pacific Plate]], pushing ʻEua up and leaving the {{convert|7|km|mi|adj=mid|-deep}} [[Tonga Trench]] on the bottom of the ocean, a short distance towards the east. The soil of ʻEua is volcanic, as is that of Tongatapu, but only the top layer, deposited by eruptions of nearby volcanoes ten thousands years ago. Under it are the solid rocks of pushed-up coral. ʻEua counts many huge caves and holes, not all of which have yet been explored.


{{okina}}Eua and [[Niuatoputapu]] are the only islands in Tonga that have [[stream]]s, and ʿEua had the only bridge in the kingdom until [[Vavaʻu|Vava{{okina}}u]] also built one.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Tonga Encyclopædia Britannica – Tonga]</ref> The stream drains into the harbour near the capital of the island, [['Ohonua|{{okina}}Ohonua]].
ʻEua and [[Niuatoputapu]] are the only islands in Tonga that have [[stream]]s, and ʻEua had the only bridge in the kingdom until one was also built in [[Vavaʻu]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Tonga Encyclopædia Britannica – Tonga]</ref> The stream drains into the harbour near the capital of the island, [[ʻOhonua]].


A unique feature is the shore between {{okina}}Ohonua and Tufuvai. It is coral reef still close to the sea level. Many small tidal pools are found, named the {{okina}}otumatafena.
A unique feature is the shore between ʻOhonua and [[Tufuvai]]. It is coral reef still close to the sea level. Many small tidal pools are found, named the ʻotumatafena.


It is served by [[ʻEua Airport]], which has an unsealed coral runway.
It is served by [[ʻEua Airport]], which has an unsealed coral runway.


==Myths==
==Myths==
Together with [[ʻAta|{{okina}}Ata]], {{okina}}Eua was the first island to be created by Tangaloa, see ''Tangaloa And The Story Of How ‘Eua Island Was Created''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tangaloa <!-- BOT GENERATED TITLE -->|url=http://www.eua-island-tonga.com/Tangaloa.html|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5jxw5OGfo?url=http://www.eua-island-tonga.com/Tangaloa.html|archivedate=2009-09-22|url-status=live|accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref>
Together with [[ʻAta]], ʻEua was the first island to be created by Tangaloa, see ''Tangaloa And The Story Of How ʻEua Island Was Created''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tangaloa <!-- BOT GENERATED TITLE -->|url=http://www.eua-island-tonga.com/Tangaloa.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710204553/http://www.eua-island-tonga.com/Tangaloa.html|archivedate=2011-07-10|url-status=live|accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{okina}}Eua was put on the European maps by [[Abel Tasman]] who reached it and [[Tongatapu]] on 21 January 1643. He called it ''Middelburg Island'', after the Dutch city of [[Middelburg, Zeeland]]. He did not go on land, but proceeded to the [[Hihifo (Tongatapu)|Hihifo]] district of Tongatapu, which he named ''Amsterdam Island'' after the capital of the [[Netherlands]].
ʻEua was put on the European maps by [[Abel Tasman]] who reached it and [[Tongatapu]] on 21 January 1643. He called it ''Middelburg Island'', after the Dutch city of [[Middelburg, Zeeland]]. He did not go on land, but proceeded to the [[Hihifo (Tongatapu)|Hihifo]] district of Tongatapu, which he named ''Amsterdam Island'' after the capital of the [[Netherlands]].


'Eua was considered by early Missionaries as heathen as it was the rendezvous for whalers, a place that you can trade goods for guns, knives, axes and gunpowder. aka arsenal, or armory of Tonga, as well as its granary.
ʻEua was considered by early missionaries as heathen as it was the rendezvous for whalers, a place that you can trade goods for guns, knives, axes and gunpowder. aka arsenal, or armory of Tonga, as well as its granary.


[[James Cook|Captain James Cook]] visited the island in 1773 and 1777. On his map, it is named ''Eaoowe''.<ref name="Anne">{{cite book|last1=Salmond|first1=Anne|title=Aphrodite's Island|date=2010|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520261143|pages=[https://archive.org/details/aphroditesisland00salm/page/291 291-292,417]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/aphroditesisland00salm/page/291}}</ref>
[[James Cook]] visited the island in 1773 and 1777. On his map, it is named ''Eaoowe''.<ref name="Anne">{{cite book|last1=Salmond|first1=Anne|title=Aphrodite's Island|date=2010|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520261143|pages=[https://archive.org/details/aphroditesisland00salm/page/291 291-292,417]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/aphroditesisland00salm/page/291}}</ref>


==Administration==
==Administration==
ʻEua is divided into two districts
ʻEua is divided into two districts:
* [['Eua Motu'a]] (Old 'Eua), in the north, with six villages and population of 2,771.
* [[ʻEua Motuʻa]] (Old ʻEua), in the north, with six villages and population of 2,771.
* [['Eua Fo'ou]] (New 'Eua), in the south, with 2,132 inhabitants in nine villages.
* [[ʻEua Foʻou]] (New ʻEua), in the south, with 2,132 inhabitants in nine villages.


The nine villages of the southern district 'Eua Niuafo'ou (or 'Eua Fo'ou for short) were founded by people who had to leave their island of Niuafo'ou in 1946 due to a volcanic eruption; they are all named after villages of Niuafo'ou.
The nine villages of the southern district ʻEua Niuafoʻou (or ʻEua Foʻou for short) were founded by people who had to leave their island of Niuafoʻou in 1946 due to a volcanic eruption; they are all named after villages of Niuafoʻou.


The northern district in contrast is Old 'Eua. The southern village of [[Kolomaile]]'s inhabitants however are descendants of the former inhabitants of the island of [[ʻAta#History|{{okina}}Ata]], Tonga's southernmost island, evacuated after the island was targeted by [[Slave ship|slavers]].
The northern district in contrast is Old ʻEua. The southern village of [[Kolomaile]]'s inhabitants however are descendants of the former inhabitants of the island of [[ʻAta#History|ʻAta]], Tonga's southernmost island, evacuated after the island was targeted by [[slave ship|slavers]].


{{convert|3.8|km|1|abbr=off}} south-west of the southern tip of 'Eua (Lakufaanga) is the 35-acre island [[Kalau]].
{{convert|3.8|km|1|abbr=off}} south-west of the southern tip of ʻEua (Lakufaʻanga) is the 35-acre island [[Kalau]].


==Demography==
==Demography==
Line 70: Line 71:
|2021 |4,903
|2021 |4,903
|footnote=Sources:<ref name=1996Census>{{cite web |url=https://tonga-data.sprep.org/resource/1996-tonga-census-administrative-report |title=1996 Tonga Census Administrative Report |page=xii |publisher=Tonga Department of Statistics |access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tongastats.gov.to/census/ |title=Census |publisher=Tonga Statistics Department |date= |access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=MT2021Census/>}}
|footnote=Sources:<ref name=1996Census>{{cite web |url=https://tonga-data.sprep.org/resource/1996-tonga-census-administrative-report |title=1996 Tonga Census Administrative Report |page=xii |publisher=Tonga Department of Statistics |access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tongastats.gov.to/census/ |title=Census |publisher=Tonga Statistics Department |date= |access-date=30 December 2021}}</ref><ref name=MT2021Census/>}}
The villages of the original inhabitants of {{okina}}Eua are all in the north [[Houma (ʻEua)|Houma]], [[Taʻanga|Ta{{okina}}anga]], [['Ohonua|{{okina}}Ohonua]], [[Pangai (ʻEua)|Pangai]], [[Tufuvai]].
The villages of the original inhabitants of ʻEua are all in the north: [[Houma (ʻEua)|Houma]], [[Taʻanga]], [[ʻOhonua]], [[Pangai (ʻEua)|Pangai]], [[Tufuvai]].


[[Haʻatuʻa|Ha{{okina}}atu{{okina}}a]] and [[Kolomaile]] are from the original inhabitants from {{okina}}Ata, who were resettled there in 1863. The villages just north of that up to [[Angahā (ʻEua)|Angahā]], are from the inhabitants of [[Niuafo'ou|Niuafo{{okina}}ou]] who were resettled there in 1946.
[[Haʻatuʻa]] and [[Kolomaile]] are from the original inhabitants from ʻAta, who were resettled there in 1863. The villages just north of that up to [[Angahā (ʻEua)|Angahā]], are from the inhabitants of [[Niuafoʻou]] who were resettled there in 1946.


==Ecology==
==Ecology==
ʻEua is the only habitat of the [[Maroon shining parrot|''Koki'']] in Tonga.<ref name=Saafi2002>{{cite thesis |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10179/12329 |title=Ecology and conservation of koki (Prosopeia tabuensis) in Tonga |type=MSc |date=2002 |publisher=Massey University |last=Saafi |first=Elizabeth Patisepa Kiteau |access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref>{{rp|4}} It supports 12 species of birds, nine of lizards, and two bats, the [[Insular flying fox]] and [[Pacific sheath-tailed bat]].<ref name=Saafi2002/>{{rp|9}}
ʻEua is the only habitat of the [[maroon shining parrot|koki]] (''Prosopeia tabuensis'') in Tonga.<ref name=Saafi2002>{{cite thesis |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10179/12329 |title=Ecology and conservation of koki (Prosopeia tabuensis) in Tonga |type=MSc |date=2002 |publisher=Massey University |last=Saafi |first=Elizabeth Patisepa Kiteau |hdl=10179/12329 |access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref>{{rp|4}} It supports 12 species of birds, nine of lizards, and two bats, the [[Insular flying fox]] and [[Pacific sheath-tailed bat]].<ref name=Saafi2002/>{{rp|9}} Bird species include the [[Buff-banded rail]], [[Pacific imperial pigeon]], [[Crimson-crowned fruit dove]], [[White-rumped swiftlet]], [[Collared kingfisher]], [[Polynesian starling]], [[Polynesian triller]] and [[Polynesian wattled honeyeater]].<ref name=Gill1987>{{cite journal |url=https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Notornis_34_3-1987pp217-223.pdf |title=NOTES ON THE BIRDS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS OF TONGATAPU AND 'EUA (TONGA) |last1=Gill |first1=B. J. |journal=Notornis |volume=34 |year=1987 |pages=217–223 |access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref> Reptiles include the [[Gehyra oceanica|Oceanic gecko]], [[Lepidodactylus lugubris|mourning gecko]] and [[Emoia cyanura|blue-tailed skink]].<ref name=Gill1987/>

==Culture==
The 2014 film ''[[When the Man Went South]]'' was mostly filmed on ʻEua.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tonga |url=http://whenthemanwentsouth.com/tonga/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401075930/http://whenthemanwentsouth.com/tonga/ |archive-date=2016-04-01 |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=When the Man Went South}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
{{Gallery
{{Gallery
|File:Eua National Park.jpg|alt1='Eua National Park |'Eua National Park, looking south, on the Eastern side of 'Eua
|File:Eua National Park.jpg|alt1=ʻEua National Park |ʻEua National Park, looking south, on the Eastern side of ʻEua
|File:‘Ohonua&whales.jpg |alt2=Humpback whale off the coast of 'Eua |[[Humpback whale]]s with Ohonua in the background
|File:‘Ohonua&whales.jpg |alt2=Humpback whale off the coast of ʻEua |[[Humpback whale]]s with Ohonua in the background
|File:Regenwald auf Eua.jpg |alt3=Forest in 'Eua |Forest in 'Eua
|File:Regenwald auf Eua.jpg |alt3=Forest in ʻEua |Forest in ʻEua
|File:Эуа, церковь.jpg | alt4=Church on 'Eua |Church on 'Eua
|File:Эуа, церковь.jpg | alt4=Church on ʻEua |Church on ʻEua
|File:Eua Island.jpg |alt5=Forested cliffs on 'Eua |Forested cliffs on 'Eua
|File:Eua Island.jpg |alt5=Forested cliffs on ʻEua |Forested cliffs on ʻEua
}}
}}


==See also ==
==See also ==
* [['Eua National Park]]
* [[ʻEua National Park]]


==References==
==References==
Line 94: Line 98:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.eua-island-tonga.com/index.html eua-island-tonga.com] ([https://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1240068769859575 Archived] 2009-04-18)
* [http://www.eua-island-tonga.com/index.html eua-island-tonga.com] ([https://archive.today/20130102160840/http://www.eua-island-tonga.com/index.html Archived] 2009-04-18)


{{coord|21|23|15|S|174|56|02|W|region:TO_type:isle|display=title}}
{{coord|21|23|15|S|174|56|02|W|region:TO_type:isle|display=title}}

{{Divisions of Tonga}}
{{Divisions of Tonga}}
⚫
{{Authority control}}

⚫
{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Eua}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eua}}
[[Category:ʻEua| ]]
[[Category:ʻEua| ]]
[[Category:History of Tonga]]
[[Category:Islands of Tonga]]
[[Category:Islands of Tonga]]
[[Category:Tongan mythology]]
[[Category:Tongan mythology]]

Latest revision as of 04:38, 5 September 2024

ʻEua
Geography
LocationPacific Ocean
Coordinates21°23′S 174°56′W / 21.383°S 174.933°W / -21.383; -174.933
ArchipelagoTonga Tapu Islands
Total islands2
Major islands1
Area87.44 km2 (33.76 sq mi)
Highest elevation312 m (1024 ft)
Highest pointFunga Fonua
Administration
Tonga
VakaʻutaKVL
Largest settlementʻOhonua
Demographics
Population4,903[1] (2021)
Pop. density60.04/km2 (155.5/sq mi)
Ethnic groupsTongan (majority), European, Chinese, Pacific Islanders
Location of ʻEua District in Tonga
Map of ʻEua

ʻEua [ʔe.ˈu.a] is an island in the kingdom of Tonga. It is close to Tongatapu, but forms a separate administrative division. It has an area of 87.44 km2 (33.76 sq mi), and a population in 2021 of 4,903 people. The island leads in agriculture, tourism, and some of the forestry helps the island economically.[2]

Geography

[edit]

ʻEua is a hilly island, the highest peaks are the Teʻemoa (chicken manure) 312 m, and the Vaiangina (watersprings) 305 m. The island is not volcanic, but was shaped by the rubbing of the Tonga Plate against the Pacific Plate, pushing ʻEua up and leaving the 7-kilometre-deep (4.3 mi) Tonga Trench on the bottom of the ocean, a short distance towards the east. The soil of ʻEua is volcanic, as is that of Tongatapu, but only the top layer, deposited by eruptions of nearby volcanoes ten thousands years ago. Under it are the solid rocks of pushed-up coral. ʻEua counts many huge caves and holes, not all of which have yet been explored.

ʻEua and Niuatoputapu are the only islands in Tonga that have streams, and ʻEua had the only bridge in the kingdom until one was also built in Vavaʻu.[3] The stream drains into the harbour near the capital of the island, ʻOhonua.

A unique feature is the shore between ʻOhonua and Tufuvai. It is coral reef still close to the sea level. Many small tidal pools are found, named the ʻotumatafena.

It is served by ʻEua Airport, which has an unsealed coral runway.

Myths

[edit]

Together with ʻAta, ʻEua was the first island to be created by Tangaloa, see Tangaloa And The Story Of How ʻEua Island Was Created.[4]

History

[edit]

ʻEua was put on the European maps by Abel Tasman who reached it and Tongatapu on 21 January 1643. He called it Middelburg Island, after the Dutch city of Middelburg, Zeeland. He did not go on land, but proceeded to the Hihifo district of Tongatapu, which he named Amsterdam Island after the capital of the Netherlands.

ʻEua was considered by early missionaries as heathen as it was the rendezvous for whalers, a place that you can trade goods for guns, knives, axes and gunpowder. aka arsenal, or armory of Tonga, as well as its granary.

James Cook visited the island in 1773 and 1777. On his map, it is named Eaoowe.[5]

Administration

[edit]

ʻEua is divided into two districts:

  • ʻEua Motuʻa (Old ʻEua), in the north, with six villages and population of 2,771.
  • ʻEua Foʻou (New ʻEua), in the south, with 2,132 inhabitants in nine villages.

The nine villages of the southern district ʻEua Niuafoʻou (or ʻEua Foʻou for short) were founded by people who had to leave their island of Niuafoʻou in 1946 due to a volcanic eruption; they are all named after villages of Niuafoʻou.

The northern district in contrast is Old ʻEua. The southern village of Kolomaile's inhabitants however are descendants of the former inhabitants of the island of ʻAta, Tonga's southernmost island, evacuated after the island was targeted by slavers.

3.8 kilometres (2.4 miles) south-west of the southern tip of ʻEua (Lakufaʻanga) is the 35-acre island Kalau.

Demography

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1976 4,486—    
1986 4,393−2.1%
1996 4,934+12.3%
2006 5,206+5.5%
2011 5,016−3.6%
2016 4,945−1.4%
2021 4,903−0.8%
Sources:[6][7][1]

The villages of the original inhabitants of ʻEua are all in the north: Houma, Taʻanga, ʻOhonua, Pangai, Tufuvai.

Haʻatuʻa and Kolomaile are from the original inhabitants from ʻAta, who were resettled there in 1863. The villages just north of that up to Angahā, are from the inhabitants of Niuafoʻou who were resettled there in 1946.

Ecology

[edit]

ʻEua is the only habitat of the koki (Prosopeia tabuensis) in Tonga.[8]: 4  It supports 12 species of birds, nine of lizards, and two bats, the Insular flying fox and Pacific sheath-tailed bat.[8]: 9  Bird species include the Buff-banded rail, Pacific imperial pigeon, Crimson-crowned fruit dove, White-rumped swiftlet, Collared kingfisher, Polynesian starling, Polynesian triller and Polynesian wattled honeyeater.[9] Reptiles include the Oceanic gecko, mourning gecko and blue-tailed skink.[9]

Culture

[edit]

The 2014 film When the Man Went South was mostly filmed on ʻEua.[10]

[edit]
  • ʻEua National Park
    ʻEua National Park, looking south, on the Eastern side of ʻEua
  • Humpback whale off the coast of ʻEua
    Humpback whales with Ohonua in the background
  • Forest in ʻEua
    Forest in ʻEua
  • Church on ʻEua
    Church on ʻEua
  • Forested cliffs on ʻEua
    Forested cliffs on ʻEua

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for ʻEua.
  1. ^ a b "Tonga's population drops to 100,209". Matangi Tonga. 24 December 2021. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  2. ^ "ʿEua".
  3. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica – Tonga
  4. ^ "Tangaloa". Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
  5. ^ Salmond, Anne (2010). Aphrodite's Island. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 291-292, 417. ISBN 9780520261143.
  6. ^ "1996 Tonga Census Administrative Report". Tonga Department of Statistics. p. xii. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Census". Tonga Statistics Department. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  8. ^ a b Saafi, Elizabeth Patisepa Kiteau (2002). Ecology and conservation of koki (Prosopeia tabuensis) in Tonga (MSc). Massey University. hdl:10179/12329. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  9. ^ a b Gill, B. J. (1987). "NOTES ON THE BIRDS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS OF TONGATAPU AND 'EUA (TONGA)" (PDF). Notornis. 34: 217–223. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  10. ^ "Tonga". When the Man Went South. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
[edit]

21°23′15″S 174°56′02″W / 21.38750°S 174.93389°W / -21.38750; -174.93389

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=ʻEua&oldid=1244120952"