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{{Short description|Blockage of the central retinal vein in the eye}}
{{Infobox Disease |
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
⚫
Name = Central retinal vein occlusion |
Image = Eye-diagram no circles border 1.svg |
| name = Central retinal vein occlusion
Caption = Diagram of the eye; retinal vein is number 21. |
| image = Eye-diagram no circles border 1.svg
| caption = Diagram of the eye; retinal vein is number 21.
⚫
DiseasesDB = 11421 |
|
⚫
ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|34|8|h|30}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|362.35}} |
| pronounce =
ICDO = |
| field =
OMIM = |
| synonyms =
MedlinePlus = 007330 |
| symptoms =
| complications =
⚫
eMedicineSubj = article |
| onset =
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eMedicineTopic = 798583 |
MeshID = D012170 |
| duration =
| types =
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis =
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment =
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}
}}
The [[central retinal vein]] is the venous equivalent of the [[central retinal artery]] and, like that blood vessel, it can suffer from [[Vascular occlusion|occlusion]] ('''central retinal vein occlusion''', also '''CRV'''<ref>Ophthalmology at a Glance, Jane Olver & Lorraine Cassidy, Blackwell Science 2005.</ref>), similar to that seen in [[ocular ischemic syndrome]]. Since the central retinal artery and vein are the sole source of blood supply and drainage for the retina, such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness, due to [[ischemia]] (restriction in blood supply) and [[macular edema|edema]] (swelling).<ref>Hayreh SS, Zimmerman MB, Podhajsky P. "Incidence of various types of vein occlusion and their recurrent demographic characteristics." Am J Ophthalmol. 1994; 117:429-441.</ref>
'''Central retinal vein occlusion''', also '''CRVO''', is when the [[central retinal vein]] becomes occluded, usually through [[thrombosis]]. The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the [[central retinal artery]] and both may become occluded.<ref>Ophthalmology at a Glance, Jane Olver & Lorraine Cassidy, Blackwell Science 2005.{{page needed|date=May 2015}}</ref> Since the central retinal artery and vein are the sole source of blood supply and drainage for the [[retina]], such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness, due to [[ischemia]] (restriction in blood supply) and [[macular edema|edema]] (swelling).<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70001-7 |pmid=8154523 |title=Incidence of Various Types of Retinal Vein Occlusion and Their Recurrence and Demographic Characteristics |journal=American Journal of Ophthalmology |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=429–41 |year=1994 |last1=Hayreh |first1=Sohan Singh |last2=Zimmerman |first2=M. Bridget |last3=Podhajsky |first3=Patricia }}</ref>


⚫
CRVO can cause [[ocular ischemic syndrome]]. Nonischemic CRVO is the milder form of the disease. It may progress to the more severe ischemic type.<ref>{{EMedicine|article|1223746|Central Retinal Vein Occlusion}}</ref> CRVO can also cause [[glaucoma]].
It can also cause [[glaucoma]].


==Diagnosis==
⚫
Nonischemic CRVO is the milder form of the disease. It may progress to the more severe ischemic type.<ref>http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1223746-overview</ref>
Despite the role of thrombosis in the development of CRVO, a systematic review found no increased prevalence of [[thrombophilia]] (an inherent propensity to thrombosis) in patients with retinal vascular occlusion.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Romiti |first1=Giulio Francesco |last2=Corica |first2=Bernadette |last3=Borgi |first3=Marco |last4=Visioli |first4=Giacomo |last5=Pacella |first5=Elena |last6=Cangemi |first6=Roberto |last7=Proietti |first7=Marco |last8=Basili |first8=Stefania |last9=Raparelli |first9=Valeria |title=Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilia in Adults with Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. |journal=Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis |date=2020 |volume=Online first |issue=12 |pages=3249–3266 |doi=10.1111/jth.15068 |pmid=32805772|hdl=2434/809252 |s2cid=221163392 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Treatment consists of Anti-VEGF drugs like [[Lucentis]] or intravitreal steroid implant (Ozurdex) and Pan-Retinal Laser Photocoagulation usually. Underlying conditions also require treatment. Non-Ischemic CRVO has better visual prognosis than Ischemic CRVO.
Treatment consists of Anti-VEGF drugs like [[Lucentis]] or intravitreal steroid implant (Ozurdex) and Pan-Retinal Laser Photocoagulation usually. Underlying conditions also require treatment. CRVO without [[ischemia]] has better visual prognosis than ischemic CRVO.

A systematic review studied the effectiveness of the anti-VEGF drugs [[ranibizumab]] and [[pegaptanib|pagatanib sodium]] for patients with non-ischemic CRVO.<ref name="Braithwaite">{{cite journal |vauthors=Braithwaite T, Nanji AA, Lindsley K, Greenberg PB |title= Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev|volume=5 |pages= CD007325 |date=2014 |issue= 5 |pmid= 24788977|doi= 10.1002/14651858.CD007325.pub3 |pmc=4292843}}</ref> Though there was a limited sample size, participants in both treatment groups showed improved visual acuity over 6 month periods, with no safety concerns.<ref name=Braithwaite/>


==See also==
==See also==
⚫
* [[Central retinal artery occlusion]]
*[[Macular edema]]
⚫
* [[Branch retinal artery occlusion]]
* [[Branch retinal vein occlusion]]

*[[Eylea]]
*[[Iridodialysis]]
*[[Ischemic optic neuropathy]]
*[[Ischemic optic neuropathy]]
⚫
*[[Branch retinal vein occlusion]]
*[[Lucentis]]
Central retinal vein occlusion results in 100 day glaucoma.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{Medical resources
*[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1223746-overview Central retinal vein occlusion at Medscape. 2009]
⚫
| DiseasesDB = 11421

⚫
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|34|8|h|30}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|362.35}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus = 007330
⚫
| eMedicineSubj = article
⚫
| eMedicineTopic = 798583
| MeshID = D012170
}}
{{Eye pathology}}
{{Eye pathology}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Central Retinal Vein Occlusion}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Central Retinal Vein Occlusion}}
[[Category:Disorders of choroid and retina]]
[[Category:Disorders of choroid and retina]]


{{disease-stub}}

[[de:Zentralvenenthrombose]]
[[es:Obstrucción de la vena central de la retina]]
[[fr:Occlusion de la veine centrale de la rétine]]
[[uk:Тромбоз центральної вени сітківки]]

Latest revision as of 21:24, 6 September 2024

Central retinal vein occlusion
Diagram of the eye; retinal vein is number 21.
SpecialtyOphthalmology Edit this on Wikidata

Central retinal vein occlusion, also CRVO, is when the central retinal vein becomes occluded, usually through thrombosis. The central retinal vein is the venous equivalent of the central retinal artery and both may become occluded.[1] Since the central retinal artery and vein are the sole source of blood supply and drainage for the retina, such occlusion can lead to severe damage to the retina and blindness, due to ischemia (restriction in blood supply) and edema (swelling).[2]

CRVO can cause ocular ischemic syndrome. Nonischemic CRVO is the milder form of the disease. It may progress to the more severe ischemic type.[3] CRVO can also cause glaucoma.

Diagnosis

[edit]

Despite the role of thrombosis in the development of CRVO, a systematic review found no increased prevalence of thrombophilia (an inherent propensity to thrombosis) in patients with retinal vascular occlusion.[4]

Treatment

[edit]

Treatment consists of Anti-VEGF drugs like Lucentis or intravitreal steroid implant (Ozurdex) and Pan-Retinal Laser Photocoagulation usually. Underlying conditions also require treatment. CRVO without ischemia has better visual prognosis than ischemic CRVO.

A systematic review studied the effectiveness of the anti-VEGF drugs ranibizumab and pagatanib sodium for patients with non-ischemic CRVO.[5] Though there was a limited sample size, participants in both treatment groups showed improved visual acuity over 6 month periods, with no safety concerns.[5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ophthalmology at a Glance, Jane Olver & Lorraine Cassidy, Blackwell Science 2005.[page needed]
  2. ^ Hayreh, Sohan Singh; Zimmerman, M. Bridget; Podhajsky, Patricia (1994). "Incidence of Various Types of Retinal Vein Occlusion and Their Recurrence and Demographic Characteristics". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 117 (4): 429–41. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70001-7. PMID 8154523.
  3. ^ Central Retinal Vein Occlusion at eMedicine
  4. ^ Romiti, Giulio Francesco; Corica, Bernadette; Borgi, Marco; Visioli, Giacomo; Pacella, Elena; Cangemi, Roberto; Proietti, Marco; Basili, Stefania; Raparelli, Valeria (2020). "Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilia in Adults with Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Online first (12): 3249–3266. doi:10.1111/jth.15068. hdl:2434/809252. PMID 32805772. S2CID 221163392.
  5. ^ a b Braithwaite T, Nanji AA, Lindsley K, Greenberg PB (2014). "Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for macular oedema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 5 (5): CD007325. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007325.pub3. PMC 4292843. PMID 24788977.
[edit]
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