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{{short description|8th ruler of the Xia dynasty}} |
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'''Huai''' (槐) was the eighth ruler of the semi-legendary [[Xia Dynasty]]. He possibly ruled 44 years. |
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{{Infobox royalty |
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| name = Huai<br/>{{lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|槐}}}} |
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| succession = 8th [[Xia dynasty#Sovereigns|King of the Xia dynasty]] |
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| predecessor = [[Zhu of Xia|Zhu]] |
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| successor = [[Mang of Xia|Mang]] |
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| issue = [[Mang of Xia|Mang]] |
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| dynasty = [[Xia dynasty]] |
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| father = [[Zhu of Xia|Zhu]] |
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| mother = |
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}} |
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'''Huai''' ({{zh|s={{lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|槐}}}}}}) was the [[Xia dynasty#Sovereigns|eighth king]] of the semi-legendary [[Xia dynasty]] ({{circa|2070–1600}} BCE) of [[Ancient China]]. His reign length varies considerably in sources, either around 26 or 44 years. |
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Another name is Fen(芬). |
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==Background== |
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He got his throne in the year of Wuzi(戊子). |
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The [[Xia dynasty]] ({{lang|zh-hant|夏朝}}; {{circa|2070–1600}} BCE) is the first dynasty of traditional [[Chinese historiography]].{{sfn|Morton|Lewis|2004|p=14}} Founded by [[Yu the Great]], both the dynasty and its rulers are of highly uncertain and controversial historicity.{{sfn|Morton|Lewis|2004|p=14}}{{sfn|Chang|1999|pp=71–73}} |
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Herbert J. Allen notes that the character for Huai's name and the ''[[Sophora japonica]]'' tree are the same.{{sfn|''SJ'' in Allen|1895|p=110}} His name is read '''Hui''' according to [[Sima Zhen]]; his other name is '''Fen''' (芬). His name is also read as '''Hai'''. |
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In the 3rd year of his regime, nine barbarians came to his capital. |
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==Traditional narrative== |
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In the 16th year of his regime, the minister Luobo(洛伯) fought with minister Fengyi(冯夷) at He(河). |
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Extant sources offer little information on Huai's reign; they are mainly limited to court appointments and assemblies.{{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=315}} |
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Huai ascended the throne in the year of ''Wuzi'' (''戊子''), after his father [[Zhu of Xia|Zhu]] had died.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=gkMTKkiUYtAC&dq=Shaokang&pg=PA112 Page 112]</ref> |
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In the 33rd year of his regime, he assigned the son of Kunwu(昆吾) as minister in Yousu(有苏). |
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In the |
In the 3rd year of his reign, nine [[barbarian]]s ([[:zh:九夷|九夷]]) came to his capital. |
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In the 16th year of his [[regime]], the minister Luobo (洛伯) fought with minister Fengyi (冯夷) at He(河). In the 33rd year of his regime, he assigned the son of Kunwu as minister in [[Yousu]] (有苏). |
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According to the [[Records of the Grand Historian]], he ruled 26 years, but 44 years according to the [[Bamboo Annals]]. |
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He created a prison called yuantu (圜土) in the 36th year of his reign. |
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{{start}} |
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{{s-hou|[[Xia Dynasty]]||||}} |
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{{s-reg}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Zhu of Xia|Zhu]]}} |
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{{s-ttl|title=[[Table of Chinese monarchs|King of China]]|years=1968 BC – 1924 BC}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Mang of Xia|Mang]]}} |
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{{end}} |
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He was succeeded by his son [[Mang of Xia|Mang]]. |
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[[Category:20th-century BC people]] |
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[[Category:Xia Dynasty]] |
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[[Category:Articles lacking sources (Erik9bot)]] |
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{{Emperors of Xia}}{{China-hist-stub}} |
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==Chronology== |
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[[es:Huái]] |
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Huai is traditionally held to have succeeded his father Zhu and been succeeded by his son Mang.{{sfn|''SJ'' in Allen|1895|p=108}} Aside from this, all reign periods and lengths are speculative and unverifiable. |
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[[fa:هوای شیا]] |
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[[fr:Huai (empereur)]] |
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{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |
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[[nl:Xia Huai]] |
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|+ Differing reign lengths of Huai (BCE){{sfn|''Imperial China''|2020|p=315}} |
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[[ja:槐 (夏)]] |
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|- |
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[[sh:Huai od Xie]] |
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! scope="col" | Source |
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[[vi:Hạ Hòe]] |
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! scope="col" | Length |
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[[zh:槐]] |
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! scope="col" | Speculative Years |
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|- |
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| ''[[Shiji]]'' |
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| 26 |
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| 2040–2015 |
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|- |
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| ''[[Bamboo Annals]]'' |
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| 44 |
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| 1851–1807 |
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|} |
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==References== |
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===Citations=== |
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{{reflist}} |
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===Sources=== |
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{{refbegin}} |
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:'''Early''' |
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* {{cite book |script-title=zh:竹書紀年 |title=[[:s:zh:古本竹書紀年|''Zhúshū Jìnián'']] |trans-title=[[Bamboo Annals]] |script-chapter=zh:帝芬 |chapter=Dì Fēn |trans-chapter=Emperor Huai |chapter-url=https://ctext.org/zhushu-jinian/di-fen/zh |language=zh-hant }} |
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* {{cite book |translator-last=Legge |translator-first=James |translator-link=James Legge |year=1865 |title=The Chinese Classics: A Translation Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, And Copious Indexes |chapter=[[Bamboo Annals|The Annals of the Bamboo Books]] |publisher=[[Nicholas Trübner|Trübner]] |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics07legggoog |ref={{sfnRef|''BA'' in Legge|1865}} }} |
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<!--* {{cite book |script-title=zh:史記 |title=[[:s:zh:史記|''Shǐjì'']] |trans-title=[[Records of the Grand Historian]] |chapter=[[:s:zh:史記/卷002|Juǎn Er Xià 卷二夏]] |trans-chapter=Volume 2: Xia |language=zh-hant }}--> |
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* {{cite journal |translator-last=Allen |translator-first=Herbert J. |year=1895 |title=Ssŭma Ch'ien's ''Historical Records'', Chapter II – The Hsia Dynasty |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society]] |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=93–110 |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/journals/jras/1895-03.htm |s2cid=250351018 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00022784 |ref={{sfnRef|''SJ'' in Allen|1895}} }} |
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:'''Modern''' |
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* {{Cite Cambridge History of China |volume=ancient |year=1999 |last=Chang |first=Kwang-chih |author-link=Kwang-chih Chang |chapter=China on the Eve of the Historical Period }} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Morton |first1=W. Scott |last2=Lewis |first2=Charlton M. |year=2004 |title=China: Its History and Culture |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-07-146526-7 }} |
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* {{cite book |author=Wu Kuo-Chen |author-link=K. C. Wu |year=1982 |title=The Chinese Heritage |publisher=[[Crown Publishers, Inc.]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-517-54475-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/chineseheritage00wuku |ref={{sfnRef|Wu|1982}} }} |
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* {{cite book |year=2020 |title=Imperial China: The Definitive Visual History |publisher=[[DK (publisher)|DK]] and [[Encyclopedia of China Publishing House]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7440-2047-2 |ref={{sfnRef|''Imperial China''|2020}} }} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{S-start}} |
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{{S-hou|[[Xia dynasty]]||||}} |
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{{S-reg}} |
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{{S-bef |
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| before = [[Zhu of Xia|Zhu]] |
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}} |
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{{S-ttl |
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| title = [[List of Chinese monarchs|King of China]] |
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}} |
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{{S-aft |
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| after = [[Mang of Xia|Mang]] |
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}} |
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{{s-end}} |
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{{Kings of Xia}} |
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{{portal bar|Biography|China|History}} |
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[[Category:Kings of the Xia dynasty]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:31, 7 September 2024
| Huai 槐 | |
|---|---|
| 8th King of the Xia dynasty | |
| Predecessor | Zhu |
| Successor | Mang |
| Issue | Mang |
| Dynasty | Xia dynasty |
| Father | Zhu |
Huai (Chinese: 槐) was the eighth king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty (c. 2070–1600 BCE) of Ancient China. His reign length varies considerably in sources, either around 26 or 44 years.
Background
[edit]The Xia dynasty (夏朝; c. 2070–1600 BCE) is the first dynasty of traditional Chinese historiography.[1] Founded by Yu the Great, both the dynasty and its rulers are of highly uncertain and controversial historicity.[1][2]
Herbert J. Allen notes that the character for Huai's name and the Sophora japonica tree are the same.[3] His name is read Hui according to Sima Zhen; his other name is Fen (芬). His name is also read as Hai.
Traditional narrative
[edit]Extant sources offer little information on Huai's reign; they are mainly limited to court appointments and assemblies.[4]
Huai ascended the throne in the year of Wuzi (戊子), after his father Zhu had died.[5]
In the 3rd year of his reign, nine barbarians (九夷) came to his capital.
In the 16th year of his regime, the minister Luobo (洛伯) fought with minister Fengyi (冯夷) at He(河). In the 33rd year of his regime, he assigned the son of Kunwu as minister in Yousu (有苏).
He created a prison called yuantu (圜土) in the 36th year of his reign.
He was succeeded by his son Mang.
Chronology
[edit]Huai is traditionally held to have succeeded his father Zhu and been succeeded by his son Mang.[6] Aside from this, all reign periods and lengths are speculative and unverifiable.
| Source | Length | Speculative Years |
|---|---|---|
| Shiji | 26 | 2040–2015 |
| Bamboo Annals | 44 | 1851–1807 |
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Morton & Lewis 2004, p. 14.
- ^ Chang 1999, pp. 71–73.
- ^ SJ in Allen 1895, p. 110.
- ^ a b Imperial China 2020, p. 315.
- ^ Page 112
- ^ SJ in Allen 1895, p. 108.
Sources
[edit]- Early
- "Dì Fēn" 帝芬 [Emperor Huai]. Zhúshū Jìnián 竹書紀年 [Bamboo Annals] (in Traditional Chinese).
- "The Annals of the Bamboo Books". The Chinese Classics: A Translation Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, And Copious Indexes. Translated by Legge, James. London: Trübner. 1865.
- "Ssŭma Ch'ien's Historical Records, Chapter II – The Hsia Dynasty". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 27 (1). Translated by Allen, Herbert J.: 93–110 1895. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00022784. S2CID 250351018.
- Modern
- Chang, Kwang-chih (1999). "China on the Eve of the Historical Period". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (eds.). The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8.
- Morton, W. Scott; Lewis, Charlton M. (2004). China: Its History and Culture. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-146526-7.
- Wu Kuo-Chen (1982). The Chinese Heritage. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-0-517-54475-4.
- Imperial China: The Definitive Visual History. New York: DK and Encyclopedia of China Publishing House. 2020. ISBN 978-0-7440-2047-2.
