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{{Short description|Indian singer (1909–1977)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox musical artist
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Vishmadev Chattopadhyay
| name = Vishmadev Chattopadhyay
⚫
| image = Vishmadeb Chattopadhyay.jpg
| background = solo_singer
| image_size = 200px
⚫
| image = Vishmadeb Chattopadhyay.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
⚫
| birth_date = {{Birth date |df=yes|1909|11|08}}
| caption = আচার্য্য ভীষ্মদেব চট্টোপাধ্যায়
⚫
| birth_place = Sarai village, [[Hooghly District]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
⚫
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1909|11|08}}
⚫
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|08|08|1909|11|08}}
⚫
| birth_place= [[Sarai village, Hoogly ]], [[West Bengal]], India

⚫
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1977|08|08|1909|11|08}}
|death_place = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| genre = Indian classical musician and Vocal artist
| genre = Indian classical musician and Vocal artist
| occupation = Singer, Composer, Music Director
| occupation = Singer, Composer, Music Director
}}
}}


'''Vishmadev Chattopadhyay''' ({{lang-bn|ভীষ্মদেব চট্টোপাধ্যায়}} (8 November 1909 – 8 August 1977) was an eminent vocal artist in Indian Classical Music, a revered ''Guru'' (আচার্য্য or Ustad) in the Delhi Gharana of the vocal classical genre, and a music director in Bengali Film Industry in its early era.<ref name = vishma1>{{cite web|url=http://bakhowaji.vasundharatv.com/2017/10/01/ফোকাস/স্মৃতির-আলোয়-ভীষ্মদেব|title= স্মৃতির আলোয় ভীষ্মদেব|date=1 October 2017|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>
'''Vishmadev Chattopadhyay''' ( 8 November 1909 – 8 August 1977<ref name = vishma14 />) was an eminent vocal artist in Indian Classical Music, a revered ''Guru'' (or Ustad) in the Delhi Gharana of the vocal classical genre, and a music director in Bengali Film Industry in its early era.<ref name = vishma1>{{cite web|url=http://bakhowaji.vasundharatv.com/2017/10/01/ফোকাস/স্মৃতির-আলোয়-ভীষ্মদেব|title= স্মৃতির আলোয় ভীষ্মদেব|date=1 October 2017|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>


==Early life==
==Early life==
Vishmadev was born on 8 November 1909 at Sarai village near Pandua station of Hooghly district in West Bengal of Ashutosh Chattopadhyay and Prabhabati Devi. His family was known to have spiritual inclinations, being descendants of Sadhak Gangananda Swami, and had relations with the family of Shri [[Ramakrishna]] (born Gadadhar Chattopadhyay).<ref name = vishma10>{{cite web|url=http://kolkatamusicmapping.com/initial-talim-ustad-vishmadev-chattopadhyay/|title= Interview of Sri Jayanta Chattopadhyay|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>
Vishmadev was born on 8 November 1909 at Sarai village near Pandua station of [[Hooghly district]] in [[West Bengal]] of Ashutosh Chattopadhyay and Prabhabati Devi. His family was known to have spiritual inclinations, being descendants of Sadhak Gangananda Swami, and had relations with the family of Shri [[Ramakrishna]] (born Gadadhar Chattopadhyay).<ref name = vishma10>{{cite web|url=http://kolkatamusicmapping.com/initial-talim-ustad-vishmadev-chattopadhyay/|title= Interview of Sri Jayanta Chattopadhyay|date= 16 December 2016|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>

⚫
==Education and music==
<gallery mode=nolines>
File:Vishmadev Chattopadhyay 01.jpg|Vishmadev Chattopadhyay in his childhood
File:Vishmadev Chattopadhyay with Raichand Baral.jpg|Vishmadev Chattopadhyay with Rai Chand Boral and others
</gallery>
⚫
Vishmadev was known to have shown proficiency in music since his childhood, and considered as child prodigy. He studied at Sanskrit Collegiate School in Calcutta. Then he joined Calcutta Training Academy where from he passed his entrance examination. After passing he joined Vidyasagar College.<ref name = vishma2>{{cite web|url=http://www.vishmadev.org/BC_BIO.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416033040/http://www.vishmadev.org/BC_BIO.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 April 2013|title= Vishmadev Chattopadhyay biography|date=16 April 2003|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>

;First lesson
⚫
First lessons in Classical music was imparted to him by Shri Nagendranath Datta. He received training (তালিম) from Khalifa Badal Khan of Delhi ''gharana'' for fourteen years, and also collected some bandish from Ustad Faiyaz Khan from Arga gharana. His first album was released from HMV with two songs depicting ''Toppa of Nidhubabu'' (নিধুবাবুর টপ্পা) during May, 1926.<ref name= vishma2 /> The two songs of his first record were "সখী কি করে লোকের কথায়" in ''Raga Khamaj'' and "এত কি চাতুরী সহে প্রাণে" (Record No. P7402). His last recording released from Megaphone Company in July 1968 too contained the same song "সখী কি করে লোকের কথায়" (Record No JNG 6237).<ref name= vishma1 /> He earned fame and reverence for his contribution in ''Khayal'' in Hindusthani Classical Music. In 1933 he was appointed as a music director cum trainer in the Megaphone Record Company.<ref name = vishma4>{{cite web|url=https://nirjhar.com/category/music/|title= গানের যুগ-সারথি |access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>


;Professional engagement
⚫
==Education and Music==
In 1933 at the insistence of Nazrul Islam Vishmadev joined Megaphone Company as the music director and Instructor. He regularly published records on ''Khayal''. Sometime during 1936 Mr. J.N. Ghosh, the owner of Megaphone Company, along with poet Ajay Bhattacharya requested him to sing Bengali songs. On the day of recording Vismadev instantly composed music for the poem written by Ajay Bhattacharya and completed recording. the songs were: ‘ফুলের দিন হল যে অবসান’ and ‘শেষের গানটি ছিল তোমার লাগি’.<ref name = vishma14>{{cite web|url=https://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/patrika/article-on-famous-music-director-vishmadev-chattopadhyay-1.931123|title= আমার গান শোনো, তোমার গান গাও |access-date= 12 March 2019}}</ref>
⚫
Vishmadev was known to have shown proficiency in music since his childhood, and considered as child prodigy. He studied at Sanskrit Collegiate School in Calcutta.Then he joined Calcutta Training Academy where from he passed his entrance examination.After passing he joined Vidyasagar College.<ref name = vishma2>{{cite web|url=https://archive.is/ID576|title= Vishmadev Chattopadhyay biography|date=16 April 2003|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>


⚫
In 1937 Vishmadev joined Film Corporation as music director. He directed music for six Bengali movies and six Hindi movies . [[S. D. Burman|Sachin Dev Burman]] was his assistant in four theses movies.<ref name = vishma7>{{cite web|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=714|title=Vishmadev Chattopadhyay|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref> The first movie of this series, "''Rikta''" (1939), directed by Sushil Majumdar, was a milestone film as it made a great stir in the music world by mingling the tune of east and west for the first time in any Indian film .<ref name = vishma13>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/rikta-movie/13040|title=Rikta (1939)|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>
⚫
First lessons in Classical music was imparted to him by Shri Nagendranath Datta. He received training (তালিম) from Khalifa Badal Khan of Delhi ''gharana'' for fourteen years, and also collected some bandish from Ustad Faiyaz Khan from Arga gharana. His first album was released from HMV with two songs depicting ''Toppa of Nidhubabu'' (নিধুবাবুর টপ্পা) during May, 1926.<ref name= vishma2 /> The two songs of his first record were "সখী কি করে লোকের কথায়" in ''Raga Khamaj'' and "এত কি চাতুরী সহে প্রাণে" (Record No. P7402). His last recording released from Megaphone Company in July 1968 too contained the same song "সখী কি করে লোকের কথায়" (Record No JNG 6237).<ref name= vishma1 /> He earned fame and reverence for his contribution in ''Khayal'' in Hindusthani Classical Music. In 1933 he was appointed as a Music director cum trainer in the Megaphone Record Company.<ref name = vishma4>{{cite web|url=https://nirjhar.com/category/music/|title= গানের যুগ-সারথি |access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>
At the age of twelve his first record was published from HMV under prestige lebel with two Tappas of Nidhubabu . This record was republished during May,1926.


The rabindra Sangeet legend [[Chinmoy Chattopadhyay]] received training on classical music from him at a stretch for twelve long years.
⚫
In 1937 Vishmadev joined Film Corporation as Music Director. He directed music for six Bengali movies and six Hindi movies . [[S. D. Burman|Sachin Dev Burman]] was his assistant in four theses movies<ref name = vishma7>{{cite web|url=https://www.swarganga.org/artist_details.php?id=714|title=Vishmadev Chattopadhyay|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>. The first movie of this series, "''Rikta''" (1939), directed by Sushil Majumdar, was a milestone film as it made a great stir in the music world by mingling the tune of east and west for the first time in any Indian film .<ref name = vishma13>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/rikta-movie/13040|title=Rikta (1939)|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>


== Discography ==
== Discography ==
;Contribution as a Vocal artist
;Contribution as a Vocal artist
{| class="navbox" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;"
|-
⚫
! style="background-color: #ffd8a0;" | '''Songs of Ustad Vishmadev Chattopadhyay'''<ref name = vishma8>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/classical-vocal-by-vishmadev-chatterjee/896790065|title=Apple Music1|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref><ref name = vishma9>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bengali-light-classical/893962896|title=Apple Music2|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|
{| class="sortable wikitable"
{| class="sortable wikitable"
⚫
|+ Songs of Ustad Vishmadev Chattopadhyay<ref name = vishma8>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/classical-vocal-by-vishmadev-chatterjee/896790065|title=Apple Music1|website=[[iTunes]] |access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref><ref name = vishma9>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/bengali-light-classical/893962896|title=Apple Music2|website=[[iTunes]] |access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>
|-
|-
! width="15%" |Song
! width="15%" |Song
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|-
|-
|}
|}
|}

;Contribution as a Music Director
;Contribution as a Music Director
{| class="navbox" style="text-align: left; border: 0px; margin-top: 0.2em;"
|-
⚫
! style="background-color: #ffd8a0;" | '''Music directed by Vishmadev Chattopadhyay'''
|-
|
{| class="sortable wikitable"
{| class="sortable wikitable"
⚫
|+ Music directed by Vishmadev Chattopadhyay
|-
|-
! width="15%" |Drama/Movie
! width="15%" |Drama/Movie
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| ''Amar Geeti''|| 1940 || Hiren Bose || - || - || Nripati Chattopadhyay, Tulsi Lahiri Satya Mukhopadhyay, Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi || Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
| ''Amar Geeti''|| 1940 || Hiren Bose || - || - || Nripati Chattopadhyay, Tulsi Lahiri Satya Mukhopadhyay, Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi || Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
|-
|-
| ''Khona'' (Drama)<ref name = vishma5>{{cite web|url=http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/27426/2/Preliminary%20Pages.pdf|access-date= 31 October 2018|title=KHONA}}</ref> || 1935 || Prabhodh Chandra Guha and Ahindra Choudhury || Akhil Niogi || Manmatha Roy || Shibkali Chattopadhyay as Vikramaditya; Ahindra Choudhury - Baraha; Srimati Sarajubala - KHONA || Mani Ghosh & Art Theater Limited (Star Theater)
| ''Khona'' (Drama)<ref name = vishma5>{{cite web|url=http://dspace.wbpublibnet.gov.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10689/27426/2/Preliminary%20Pages.pdf|access-date= 31 October 2018|title=KHONA}}</ref> || 1935 || Prabhodh Chandra Guha and Ahindra Choudhury || Akhil Niogi || Manmatha Roy || Shibkali Chattopadhyay as Vikramaditya; Ahindra Choudhury - Baraha; Srimati Sarajubala - KHONA || Mani Ghosh & Art Theater Limited (Star Theater)
|-
|-
| ''Khona'' (Movie)<ref name= vishma5 /> || 1938 || Jyotish Chandra Bandyopadhyay || Akhil Niogi || Manmatha Roy || Nripati Chattopadhyay, Tulsi Lahiri Satya Mukhopadhyay, Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi || B L Khemka (Metropolitan Pictures)
| ''Khona'' (Movie)<ref name= vishma5 /> || 1938 || Jyotish Chandra Bandyopadhyay || Akhil Niogi || Manmatha Roy || Nripati Chattopadhyay, Tulsi Lahiri Satya Mukhopadhyay, Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi || B L Khemka (Metropolitan Pictures)
Line 127: Line 128:
| ''Muktisnan'' || 1937 || Sushil Majumdar || - || - || Nripati Chattopadhyay, Jiban Gangopadhyay, Sabitri Devi|| Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
| ''Muktisnan'' || 1937 || Sushil Majumdar || - || - || Nripati Chattopadhyay, Jiban Gangopadhyay, Sabitri Devi|| Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
|-
|-
| ''Rajaki'' || 1937 || Sukumar Dasgupta || - || - || Dhiraj Bhattacharya, Kanu Bandyopadhyay, Nabadwip Haldar, Debabala, Satya Mukhopadhyay, Menoka Debi, Rajlakshmi Debi || Kamala Talkies
| ''Rajaki'' || 1937 || Sukumar Dasgupta || - || - || [[Dhiraj Bhattacharya]], Kanu Bandyopadhyay, Nabadwip Haldar, Debabala, Satya Mukhopadhyay, Menoka Debi, Rajlakshmi Debi || Kamala Talkies
|-
|-
| ''Rikta''<ref name= vishma13 /> || 1939 || Sushil Majumdar || - || - || Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi || Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
| ''Rikta''<ref name= vishma13 /> || 1939 || Sushil Majumdar || - || - || Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi || Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
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|-
|-
|}
|}
|}

==Memories==
⚫
Vishmadev is remembered as a maestro and an exponent in rendition of Khayal and Thumri, and extremely revered in his field. Observations from a few eminent personalities are compiled as under:<ref name = vishma11>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/vidyasagar-college-kolkata-praktani/vishmadev-chattopadhyay-vidyasagar-college/120337528052243|title= VISHMADEV CHATTOPADHYAY & Vidyasagar College|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref><ref name= vishma2 />


==Memoirs ==
*Akhil Bandhu Ghosh: Nobody like him will ever be born in Bengal. No one will be able to sing Thumri as he used to. He was the creator of Bengalee Raagpradhan Song. Listening to his music made me singing.
⚫
Vishmadev is remembered as a maestro and an exponent in rendition of Khayal and Thumri, and extremely revered in his field. Observations from a few eminent personalities are compiled as under:<ref name = vishma11>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/notes/vidyasagar-college-kolkata-praktani/vishmadev-chattopadhyay-vidyasagar-college/120337528052243|title= VISHMADEV CHATTOPADHYAY & Vidyasagar College|website= [[Facebook]]|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref><ref name= vishma2 />
*Dhananjay Bhattacharya (Renowned Singer of Bengal): To comment on him means to worship mother Ganges with her own water, ... I would rather undertake the impossible task of showing the Sun by lighting a match stick but somehow or other to bring him to light by me is a total no-no affair.
*Hirendra Kumar Gangopadhyay (Hiru Ganguly): He is an exemplary figure. I had many chances to accompany him but every time I felt that he was different, extraordinary. He had a wonderful command on laya. The skill he had on harmonium playing is also a rare illustration.
*Mushtaq Ali Khan (Sitar Maestro): I have never seen such a musical brain like Vishmadev. He had a great command over melody. He could create such an atmosphere by juxtaposing the 'Komal' and 'Tibra' notes in Thumri songs that though it was against Shastrik rules the application could transform the musicians as also the musicologist to such an ecstatic state that they did not better to feel that it was crossing the periphery of set rules, rather this made them exclaim - 'Oh God! What to say! None but Bhishmadev can only do this!'
*Pankaj Kumar Mallick (Renowned Singer & Composer of Bengal): In spite of being older Sachin (S. D. Burman) accepted him as his Guru. Vishmadev was literally Sangeet Guru in the matter of Shastriya sangeet and the excellence of his voice. Nowhere did I find his comparison.
*Premendra Mitra: Vishmadev was an artist of modern temperament. He composed a unique tune by mingling the western tune with the Indian one. That was the first time when western music was put into Indian film. The song was set for a Bengalee film named Rikta.
*Pt. Siaram Tewari: It is since many years that such a genius singer appeared like sunrays in the musical horizon. He used to enchant everybody within a few moments by his song. Intoxication of Bandish, melody of the tune and TAASIR of the voice are all present in his khyal song. I observed that while singing he used to become so much absorbed in the music, and it appeared as if he was singing for the listening to the God himself.
*Radhika Mohan Moitra (Sarode Maestro): Vishmadev belongs to the epoch-making artist of this class who has easily entered into the depth of delightful world through peaceful and meditative trance where the rules of Sastra are inactive or different techniques of music have been ceased to exist. In his divine music lyric, laya, tune, rhythm have forsaken their individual existence in the midst of unearthly romantic union.
*Rajyeswar Mitra (Sharangdeb): The consummate artistry exhibited by him in the matter of application of ‘swaras’ was beyond the wildest imagination of the best among artists. He had indeed become an idea personified, a legend in his lifetime and remains so to this day.
*[[Ramkumar Chattopadhyay]] (Renowned Singer & Composer of Bengal): In my music life Kaloda (pet name of Sangeetacharya Bhishmadev Chattopadhyay) was my idol. ... I have seen kaloda as a saint, as a learner, as a perfect artist – and a total oblivious ... indifferent one. I cannot remember seeing anyone else so much engrossed with tune, taan, rhythm like him. I owe to him so much in my music life that this debt is unrepayable. Kaloda was gifted with the blessings of Goddess Saraswati.
*Ratanjanker S.N.: He is a person of very sober, gentle and absolute artistic mood. The style of his singing is very attractive. His songs always come to my memory with special joy and liking. His songs will remain ever fresh to the music lovers.
*V. Balsara (Music Director and Composer): I was not fortunate enough to listen to the songs of Vishmadev for many a time. But what I heard was enough to make me inspire as well as perspire as he used to play with the tune in such a way that was beyond one's imagination and belief.


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
*Acharya Vishmadev is remembered not only for the outstanding rendition of his songs such as Khyal, Thumri and Bhajans, but also for his patronage towards research and training initiatives in Hindusthani Classical Music.He was creator of Bengali Ragpradhan gaan. His famous disciples include Kumar Shyamanand Singh, Sachin Mukherjee, Sachin Dev Barman, Bivash Dev Barman, Suresh Chakraborty, Uma Basu, Kananbala Devi, [[Pahari Sanyal]], Prakash Kali Ghoshal, Bhabani Das, [[Pratima Bandopadhyay]], Himangshu Roy, Saila Devi, Juthika Roy, Begam Aakhtar,Sabita Dey, [[Chinmoy Chattopadhyay]] and Jayanta Chattopadhyay (son), to name a few.<ref name= vishma4 /><ref name = vishma6>{{cite web|url=https://archive.is/ID576|title= Nirjhar|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>
*Acharya Vishmadev is remembered not only for the outstanding rendition of his songs such as Khyal, Thumri and Bhajans, but also for his patronage towards research and training initiatives in Hindusthani Classical Music. He was creator of Bengali Ragpradhan gaan. His famous disciples include Kumar Shyamanand Singh, Sachin Mukherjee, Sachin Dev Barman, Bivash Dev Barman, Suresh Chakraborty, Uma Basu, Kananbala Devi, [[Pahari Sanyal]], Prakash Kali Ghoshal, Bhabani Das, [[Pratima Bandopadhyay]], Himangshu Roy, Saila Devi, Juthika Roy, Begam Aakhtar, Sabita Dey, Akhtari Bai, Chhaya Devi, [[Chinmoy Chattopadhyay]] and Jayanta Chattopadhyay (son), to name a few.<ref name= vishma4 /><ref name = vishma6>{{cite web|url=http://www.vishmadev.org/BC_BIO.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130416033040/http://www.vishmadev.org/BC_BIO.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 April 2013|title= Nirjhar|access-date= 31 October 2018}}</ref>
*He is the only Bengali classical vocalist who got invitation to perform from all over the then undivided India. He had founded new style of harmonium playing , one record of his harmonium playing is preserved in London Museum .
*He is the only Bengali classical vocalist who got invitation to perform from all over the then undivided India. He had founded new style of harmonium playing, one record of his harmonium playing is preserved in London Museum .
*UNESCO collected two records of his four songs to give an idea of Indian Music.
*UNESCO collected two records of his four songs to give an idea of Indian Music.
*A street in New Alipur, Kolkata, is named after him—Pd Vishmadev Chattopadhay Sarani.
*A street in New Alipur, Kolkata, is named after him—Pd Vishmadev Chattopadhay Sarani.
Line 161: Line 148:


==Awards and recognition==
==Awards and recognition==
*1972: Honorary D.Lit by Rabindra Bharati University.<ref name= vishma7 />
*1972: Honorary D.Lit by [[Rabindra Bharati University]].<ref name= vishma7 />
*1975: Documentary film on the life of Acharya Vishmadev Chattopadhyay by Government of West Bengal.<ref name= vishma7 />
*1975: Documentary film on the life of Acharya Vishmadev Chattopadhyay by Government of West Bengal.<ref name= vishma7 />
*1976: Sangeet Nayak Puraskar by Prachin Kala Kendra Chandigarh.<ref name= vishma7 />
*1976: Sangeet Nayak Puraskar by Prachin Kala Kendra Chandigarh.<ref name= vishma7 />
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[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Hindustani singers]]
[[Category:Indian male classical musicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male classical singers]]
[[Category:Indian classical composers]]
[[Category:Indian classical composers]]
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century singers]]
[[Category:Indian classical musicians of Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century male musicians]]
[[Category:Singers from West Bengal]]

Latest revision as of 21:32, 7 September 2024

Vishmadev Chattopadhyay
Background information
Born(1909-11-08)8 November 1909
Sarai village, Hooghly District, West Bengal, India
Died8 August 1977(1977-08-08) (aged 67)
Calcutta, West Bengal, India
GenresIndian classical musician and Vocal artist
Occupation(s)Singer, Composer, Music Director

Vishmadev Chattopadhyay ( 8 November 1909 – 8 August 1977[1]) was an eminent vocal artist in Indian Classical Music, a revered Guru (or Ustad) in the Delhi Gharana of the vocal classical genre, and a music director in Bengali Film Industry in its early era.[2]

Early life

[edit]

Vishmadev was born on 8 November 1909 at Sarai village near Pandua station of Hooghly district in West Bengal of Ashutosh Chattopadhyay and Prabhabati Devi. His family was known to have spiritual inclinations, being descendants of Sadhak Gangananda Swami, and had relations with the family of Shri Ramakrishna (born Gadadhar Chattopadhyay).[3]

Education and music

[edit]
  • Vishmadev Chattopadhyay in his childhood
    Vishmadev Chattopadhyay in his childhood
  • Vishmadev Chattopadhyay with Rai Chand Boral and others
    Vishmadev Chattopadhyay with Rai Chand Boral and others

Vishmadev was known to have shown proficiency in music since his childhood, and considered as child prodigy. He studied at Sanskrit Collegiate School in Calcutta. Then he joined Calcutta Training Academy where from he passed his entrance examination. After passing he joined Vidyasagar College.[4]

First lesson

First lessons in Classical music was imparted to him by Shri Nagendranath Datta. He received training (তালিম) from Khalifa Badal Khan of Delhi gharana for fourteen years, and also collected some bandish from Ustad Faiyaz Khan from Arga gharana. His first album was released from HMV with two songs depicting Toppa of Nidhubabu (নিধুবাবুর টপ্পা) during May, 1926.[4] The two songs of his first record were "সখী কি করে লোকের কথায়" in Raga Khamaj and "এত কি চাতুরী সহে প্রাণে" (Record No. P7402). His last recording released from Megaphone Company in July 1968 too contained the same song "সখী কি করে লোকের কথায়" (Record No JNG 6237).[2] He earned fame and reverence for his contribution in Khayal in Hindusthani Classical Music. In 1933 he was appointed as a music director cum trainer in the Megaphone Record Company.[5]

Professional engagement

In 1933 at the insistence of Nazrul Islam Vishmadev joined Megaphone Company as the music director and Instructor. He regularly published records on Khayal. Sometime during 1936 Mr. J.N. Ghosh, the owner of Megaphone Company, along with poet Ajay Bhattacharya requested him to sing Bengali songs. On the day of recording Vismadev instantly composed music for the poem written by Ajay Bhattacharya and completed recording. the songs were: ‘ফুলের দিন হল যে অবসান’ and ‘শেষের গানটি ছিল তোমার লাগি’.[1]

In 1937 Vishmadev joined Film Corporation as music director. He directed music for six Bengali movies and six Hindi movies . Sachin Dev Burman was his assistant in four theses movies.[6] The first movie of this series, "Rikta" (1939), directed by Sushil Majumdar, was a milestone film as it made a great stir in the music world by mingling the tune of east and west for the first time in any Indian film .[7]

The rabindra Sangeet legend Chinmoy Chattopadhyay received training on classical music from him at a stretch for twelve long years.

Discography

[edit]
Contribution as a Vocal artist
Songs of Ustad Vishmadev Chattopadhyay[8][9]
Song Year Language Type/Album Lyrics Music Code
Aad Ayori - Asha - Hindi - - -
Aai Re Rut Basant - Basant - Hindi - - -
Ab Ho Lalan - Bihag - Hindi - - -
Bamana De Bata - Shankara - Hindi - - -
Barashe Meharba - Gaud Malhar - Hindi - - -
Dukhwa Main Kase - Tilak Kamod - Hindi - - -
Eto ki Chaturi - Bangla - - -
Ha Mana Bhabania - Dhani - Hindi - - -
Jago aalok logone[10] 1937 Bangla Ajay Bhattacharya Vishmadev Chattopadhyay -
Jodi mone pore sediner kotha - Kafi Bhairavi[10] 1937 Bangla Ajay Bhattacharya Vishmadev Chattopadhyay - Ut6tna4N3Js
Lagat Hai Kalejwa - Bhairavi - Hindi - - -
Mati Malnia - Kamod - Hindi - - -
Mukh Mor Mor - Malkaush - Hindi - - -
Nabarun raage tumi saathi go - Bhairavi - Bangla - - - kzCx8rCE1SM
Phagwa Brij Dekhan - Basant - Hindi - - -
Phul Ban Ki - Deshi - Hindi - - -
Phulero Din Holoje Abshan - Jay Jayanti - Bangla - - - m73du16QWtk
Pia Pardesh - Dhansi - Hindi - - -
Pir Na Jaani - Malkaush - Hindi - - -
Piu Piu Ratata - Lalit - Hindi - - -
Rasili Tori Ankhiya - Bhairavi - Hindi - - -
Rut Basant Apnee - Rageshri Bahar - Hindi - - -
Saiyan Tu Ek Beri - Pilu - Hindi - - -
Shesher gaan ti chhilo - Kafi Bhairavi - Bangla - - - ox5wZ0FmY7o
Sokhi Lokeri Kathay - Bangla - - -
Soi ki kore - Hindi - - -
Tabo Lagi Byatha - Bangla - - -
Tande Salam - Tilang - Hindi - - -
Contribution as a Music Director
Music directed by Vishmadev Chattopadhyay
Drama/Movie Year Director Lyrics Author Cast Producer
Amar Geeti 1940 Hiren Bose - - Nripati Chattopadhyay, Tulsi Lahiri Satya Mukhopadhyay, Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
Khona (Drama)[11] 1935 Prabhodh Chandra Guha and Ahindra Choudhury Akhil Niogi Manmatha Roy Shibkali Chattopadhyay as Vikramaditya; Ahindra Choudhury - Baraha; Srimati Sarajubala - KHONA Mani Ghosh & Art Theater Limited (Star Theater)
Khona (Movie)[11] 1938 Jyotish Chandra Bandyopadhyay Akhil Niogi Manmatha Roy Nripati Chattopadhyay, Tulsi Lahiri Satya Mukhopadhyay, Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi B L Khemka (Metropolitan Pictures)
Muktisnan 1937 Sushil Majumdar - - Nripati Chattopadhyay, Jiban Gangopadhyay, Sabitri Devi Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
Rajaki 1937 Sukumar Dasgupta - - Dhiraj Bhattacharya, Kanu Bandyopadhyay, Nabadwip Haldar, Debabala, Satya Mukhopadhyay, Menoka Debi, Rajlakshmi Debi Kamala Talkies
Rikta[7] 1939 Sushil Majumdar - - Ahindra Choudhury and Chhaya Devi Film Corporation Of India Ltd.
Tatinir Bichar 1940 Sushil Majumdar - - Nripati Chattopadhyay, Ardhendu Mukhopadhyay, Ahindra Choudhury, Kali Banerjee (debut) and Suhasini Devi Film Corporation Of India Ltd.

Memoirs

[edit]

Vishmadev is remembered as a maestro and an exponent in rendition of Khayal and Thumri, and extremely revered in his field. Observations from a few eminent personalities are compiled as under:[12][4]

Legacy

[edit]
  • Acharya Vishmadev is remembered not only for the outstanding rendition of his songs such as Khyal, Thumri and Bhajans, but also for his patronage towards research and training initiatives in Hindusthani Classical Music. He was creator of Bengali Ragpradhan gaan. His famous disciples include Kumar Shyamanand Singh, Sachin Mukherjee, Sachin Dev Barman, Bivash Dev Barman, Suresh Chakraborty, Uma Basu, Kananbala Devi, Pahari Sanyal, Prakash Kali Ghoshal, Bhabani Das, Pratima Bandopadhyay, Himangshu Roy, Saila Devi, Juthika Roy, Begam Aakhtar, Sabita Dey, Akhtari Bai, Chhaya Devi, Chinmoy Chattopadhyay and Jayanta Chattopadhyay (son), to name a few.[5][13]
  • He is the only Bengali classical vocalist who got invitation to perform from all over the then undivided India. He had founded new style of harmonium playing, one record of his harmonium playing is preserved in London Museum .
  • UNESCO collected two records of his four songs to give an idea of Indian Music.
  • A street in New Alipur, Kolkata, is named after him—Pd Vishmadev Chattopadhay Sarani.
  • An NGO named "Vishmadev Memorial Trust" had been formed having registration no. 12661/09, in 30, Sarkar Lane, Kolkata 700007, under the chairmanship of Sri Jayanta Chattopadhyay, son of the revered maestro, to cultivate, protect and propagate the systematic methodical and scientific training of traditional music and the gayaki of Vishmadev gharana for the future generation.[14]
  • Vishmadev Memorial Trust produced two documentary films on his life, directed by Sri Jayanta Chattopadhay -- "Sangeet Ratnakar Vishmadev" in 2008 and "Vishmadev-Ek Kimbadanti" in 2009.Even Kazi najrul Islam was an admirer of Vishmadev . On his request he joined Megaphone Company in 1933 as music director cum trainer.

Awards and recognition

[edit]
  • 1972: Honorary D.Lit by Rabindra Bharati University.[6]
  • 1975: Documentary film on the life of Acharya Vishmadev Chattopadhyay by Government of West Bengal.[6]
  • 1976: Sangeet Nayak Puraskar by Prachin Kala Kendra Chandigarh.[6]
  • 1979: Documentary film on the life of Acharya Vishmadev Chattopadhyay by Kolkata Doordarshan.[6]
  • 1991: Documentary film on the life of Acharya Vishmadev Chattopadhyay by Kolkata Doordarshan.[6]
  • 2006: Posthumous Swami Santadas Smarak Samman by Swami Santadas Institute of Culture.[6]
  • 2006: Documentary film on the life of Acharya Vishmadev Chattopadhyay by Kolkata Doordarshan.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "আমার গান শোনো, তোমার গান গাও". Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b "স্মৃতির আলোয় ভীষ্মদেব". 1 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  3. ^ "Interview of Sri Jayanta Chattopadhyay". 16 December 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  4. ^ a b c "Vishmadev Chattopadhyay biography". 16 April 2003. Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  5. ^ a b "গানের যুগ-সারথি". Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Vishmadev Chattopadhyay". Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  7. ^ a b "Rikta (1939)". Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  8. ^ "Apple Music1". iTunes. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  9. ^ "Apple Music2". iTunes. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  10. ^ a b "Milansagar". Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  11. ^ a b "KHONA" (PDF). Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  12. ^ "VISHMADEV CHATTOPADHYAY & Vidyasagar College". Facebook. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  13. ^ "Nirjhar". Archived from the original on 16 April 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  14. ^ "Trust". Retrieved 31 October 2018.
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