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{{Short description|Roman martyr}}
{{Infobox saint
{{Infobox saint
|honorific-prefix=[[Saint]]
|name= Saint Sophia of Rome
|name= Sophia of Rome
|birth_date=
|birth_date= Unknown
|death_date=
|death_date= 304 AD
|feast_day= May 15 (in Germany, celebrated as ''Sophientag'')
|feast_day= May 15 (Catholic; in Germany, celebrated as ''Sophientag'')
September 17 (Orthodox)
|venerated_in= [[Roman Catholic Church]]; [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
|venerated_in= [[Roman Catholic Church]]; [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
|image= File:Eschau StTrophime 75 (square crop).JPG
|image= File:Eschau StTrophime 75 (square crop).JPG


|imagesize=
|imagesize=
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|issues=
|issues=
}}
}}
'''Saint Sophia of Rome''' is venerated as a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[martyr]].
'''Saint Sophia of Rome''' is venerated as a [[Christian martyr]].
She is identified in hagiographical tradition with the figure of [[Sophia of Milan]], the mother of [[Saints Faith, Hope and Charity]], whose veneration is attested for the 6th century.
She is identified in hagiographical tradition with the figure of [[Sophia of Milan]], the mother of [[Saints Faith, Hope and Charity]], whose veneration is attested for the sixth century.


However, there are conflicting hagiographical traditions; one tradition{{cn|date=January 2018}} makes Sophia herself a martyr under the [[Diocletian Persecution]] (303/4).
However, there are conflicting hagiographical traditions; one tradition<ref name=Schafer>Joachim Schäfer: Sophia von Mailand. Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon</ref> makes Sophia herself a martyr under the [[Diocletian Persecution]] (303/4).
This conflicts with the much more widespread hagiographical tradition ([[Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina|BHL]] 2966, also extant in Greek, Armenian and Georgian versions) placing Sophia, the mother of Faith, Hope and Charity, in the time of [[Diocletian]] (early 2nd century) and reporting her dying not as a martyr but mourning for her martyred daughters.<ref name=Saxer>V. Saxer, "Sophia v. Rom" in: ''Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche'' vol. 9 (1993), [https://books.google.ch/books?id=3n7YAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733#v=onepage&q&f=false 733f.]</ref>
This conflicts with the much more widespread hagiographical tradition ([[Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina|BHL]] 2966, also extant in Greek, Armenian and Georgian versions) placing Sophia, the mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity, in the time of [[Hadrian]] (second century) and reporting her dying not as a martyr but mourning for her martyred daughters.<ref name=Saxer>V. Saxer, "Sophia v. Rom" in: ''Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche'' vol. 9 (1993), [https://books.google.com/books?id=3n7YAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA733 733f.]</ref>
Her relics are said{{cn|date=January 2018}} to have been translated to the convent at [[St Trophimus' Church, Eschau|Eschau]], [[Alsace]] in 778, and her cult spread to Germany from there.
Her relics are said to have been translated to the convent at [[St Trophimus' Church, Eschau|Eschau]], Alsace in 778,<ref>{{cite web|title=Translation of Relics of Sts. Faith, Hope, Charity and their mother Sophia celebrated near Strasbourg|url=http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/61476.htm|website=pravoslavie.ru|accessdate=5 April 2017}}</ref> and her cult spread to Germany from there.
''[[Acta Sanctorum]]'' reports that her feast day of 15 May is attested in German, Belgian and English breviaries of the 16th century.<ref name=AASS/>
''[[Acta Sanctorum]]'' reports that her feast day of 15 May is attested in German, Belgian, and English breviaries of the 16th century.<ref name=AASS/>


Roman Catholic hagiography of the early modern period attempted to identify the Saint Sophia venerated in Germany with various records of martyrs named Sophia recorded in the early medieval period, among them a record from the time of [[Pope Sergius II]] (9th century) reporting an inscription mentioning a virgin martyr named ''Sophia'' at the high altar of the church of [[San Martino ai Monti]].<ref name=AASS>Carnandet (ed.), ''[[Acta Sanctorum]]'' vol. 16 (1866), [https://archive.org/stream/actasanctorum16unse#page/n564/mode/1up/search/Sophia p. 463].
Roman Catholic hagiography of the early modern period attempted to identify Saint Sophia venerated in Germany with various records of martyrs named Sophia recorded in the early medieval period, among them a record from the time of [[Pope Sergius II]] (9th century) reporting an inscription mentioning a virgin martyr named ''Sophia'' at the high altar of the church of [[San Martino ai Monti]].<ref name=AASS>Carnandet (ed.), ''[[Acta Sanctorum]]'' vol. 16 (1866), [https://archive.org/stream/actasanctorum16unse#page/n564/mode/1up/search/Sophia p. 463].
</ref> Saxer (2000) suggests that her veneration may indeed have originated in the later 6th century based on such inscriptions of the 4th to 6th centuries.<ref name=Saxer/>
</ref> Saxer (2000) suggests that her veneration may indeed have originated in the later sixth century based on such inscriptions of the fourth to sixth centuries.<ref name=Saxer/>


Based on her feast day on 15 May, she became one of the "[[Ice Saints]]", the saints whose feast days are traditionally associated with the last possibility of [[frost]] in Central Europe.
Based on her feast day on 15 May, Sophia became one of the "[[Ice Saints]]", the saints whose feast days are traditionally associated with the last possibility of [[frost]] in Central Europe.
She is known as ''kalte Sophie'' "cold Sophia" in [[Germany]],<ref name="SOPHIA von Rom">{{BBKL|s/sophia_v_r|band=10|autor=Ekkart Sauser|artikel=Sophia von Rom|spalten=807-808}}</ref> and in Slovenia as ''poscana Zofka'' "pissing Sophia"<ref>Fajfar, Tone. 1966. ''Odločitev: Spomini in partizanski dnevnik''. Ljubljana: Ljudska pravica, p. 480.
She is known as ''kalte Sophie'' "cold Sophia" in Germany,<ref name="SOPHIA von Rom">{{BBKL|s/sophia_v_r|band=10|autor=Ekkart Sauser|artikel=Sophia von Rom|spalten=807-808}}</ref> and in Slovenia as ''poscana Zofka'' "pissy Sophia"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baš |first1=Angelos |title=Slovenski etnološki leksikon |date=2004 |publisher=Mladinska knjiga |location=Ljubljana |page=449}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Frančič |first1=Franjo |last2=Osti |first2=Josip |title=Kam se skrijejo metulji pred dežjem: izbrane kratke proze |date=2008 |publisher=Mladinska knjiga |location=Ljubljana |page=78}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bauer |first1=Marjan |title=Češnje zorijo pozimi |url=https://www.finance.si/339912/Cesnje-zorijo-pozimi?cctest& |access-date=August 23, 2020 |work=Finance |date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fajfar |first1=Tone |title=Odločitev: Spomini in partizanski dnevnik |date=1996 |publisher=Ljudska pravica |location=Ljubljana |page=480}}</ref> or ''mokra Zofija'' "wet Sophia".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pavček |first1=Tone |title=Čas duše, čas telesa |date=1997 |publisher=Ljubljana |location=Knjižna zadruga |page=198}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Keber |first1=Janez |title=Leksikon imen |date=1988 |publisher=Mohorjeva družba |location=Celje |page=398}}</ref>
Baš, Angelos. 2004. ''Slovenski etnološki leksikon''. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 449.
Frančič, Franjo, & Josip Osti. 2008. ''Kam se skrijejo metulji pred dežjem: izbrane kratke proze''. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 78.
Bauer, Marjan. 2012. "Češnje zorijo pozimi". ''Finance'', 10 February.</ref> or ''mokra Zofija'' "wet Sophia".<ref>Pavček, Tone. 1997. ''Čas duše, čas telesa''. Ljubljana: Knjižna zadruga, p. 198.
Keber, Janez. 1988. ''Leksikon imen''. Celje: Mohorjeva družba, p. 398.</ref>


''[[Sisymbrium sophia]]'', called the ''Sophienkraut'' in Germany, is named after her. She is depicted on a column in the nave of the cathedral of [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna|St. Stephen]] in [[Vienna]]; it dates from the 15th century.<ref name="SOPHIA von Rom"/>
Sophia is depicted on a column in the nave of [[St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna]]; it dates from the 15th century.<ref name="SOPHIA von Rom"/>

==Churches==
[[File:ErbachOdwHauptstr40KathKircheStSophiaO.JPG|thumb|St. Sophia, Erbach]]
Churches dedicated to Sophia of Rome include:
* St. Sophia in [[Erbach im Odenwald]], Germany
* St. Sophia in [[Brüssow]], Germany
* St. Sophienkirche, [[Barmbek-Süd]], Hamburg, Germany
* St. Sophie in Randau, [[Magdeburg]], Germany
*[[Santa Sofia d'Epiro]], Italy
*[[Chiesa di Santa Sofia, Capri]], Italy
*Santa Sofia, [[Giugliano in Campania]], Italy
*[[Church of Santa Sofia, Lendinara]], Italy
*[[Santa Sofia, Naples]], Italy
*Chapelle Sainte-Sophie, [[Ille-et-Vilaine]], France
*Church of [[Saints Faith, Hope and Charity|Vera, Nadejda, Lubov]] and their mother Sophia, [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia
*Church of Saints Sofia and Tatiana of Rome at Filatov Pediatric Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
*[[St Sophia Greek Orthodox Church]], Surry Hills, Sydney, Australia
*Saint Sophia Cathedral (Miami)


==See also==
==See also==
Line 51: Line 68:


==References==
==References==
{{commonscat|Sophia of Rome}}
{{commons category|Sophia of Rome}}
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


*
*{{BBKL|s/sophia_v_r|band=10|autor= Ekkart Sauser|artikel=Sophia v. Rom|spalten=807-808}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sophia Of Rome}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sophia Of Rome}}
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Christian martyrs]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Christian martyrs]]
[[Category:Christians martyred during the reign of Diocletian]]
[[Category:304 deaths]]

Latest revision as of 04:06, 8 September 2024

Saint

Sophia of Rome
Late gothic wooden sculpture of saints Sophia, Faith, Hope and Charity (Eschau, 1470)
BornUnknown
Died304 AD
Rome
Venerated inRoman Catholic Church; Eastern Orthodox Church
FeastMay 15 (Catholic; in Germany, celebrated as Sophientag) September 17 (Orthodox)
Attributespalm, book, trough, and sword
Patronageinvoked against late frosts

Saint Sophia of Rome is venerated as a Christian martyr. She is identified in hagiographical tradition with the figure of Sophia of Milan, the mother of Saints Faith, Hope and Charity, whose veneration is attested for the sixth century.

However, there are conflicting hagiographical traditions; one tradition[1] makes Sophia herself a martyr under the Diocletian Persecution (303/4). This conflicts with the much more widespread hagiographical tradition (BHL 2966, also extant in Greek, Armenian and Georgian versions) placing Sophia, the mother of Faith, Hope, and Charity, in the time of Hadrian (second century) and reporting her dying not as a martyr but mourning for her martyred daughters.[2] Her relics are said to have been translated to the convent at Eschau, Alsace in 778,[3] and her cult spread to Germany from there. Acta Sanctorum reports that her feast day of 15 May is attested in German, Belgian, and English breviaries of the 16th century.[4]

Roman Catholic hagiography of the early modern period attempted to identify Saint Sophia venerated in Germany with various records of martyrs named Sophia recorded in the early medieval period, among them a record from the time of Pope Sergius II (9th century) reporting an inscription mentioning a virgin martyr named Sophia at the high altar of the church of San Martino ai Monti.[4] Saxer (2000) suggests that her veneration may indeed have originated in the later sixth century based on such inscriptions of the fourth to sixth centuries.[2]

Based on her feast day on 15 May, Sophia became one of the "Ice Saints", the saints whose feast days are traditionally associated with the last possibility of frost in Central Europe. She is known as kalte Sophie "cold Sophia" in Germany,[5] and in Slovenia as poscana Zofka "pissy Sophia"[6][7][8][9] or mokra Zofija "wet Sophia".[10][11]

Sophia is depicted on a column in the nave of St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna; it dates from the 15th century.[5]

Churches

[edit]
St. Sophia, Erbach

Churches dedicated to Sophia of Rome include:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sophia of Rome.
  1. ^ Joachim Schäfer: Sophia von Mailand. Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon
  2. ^ a b V. Saxer, "Sophia v. Rom" in: Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche vol. 9 (1993), 733f.
  3. ^ "Translation of Relics of Sts. Faith, Hope, Charity and their mother Sophia celebrated near Strasbourg". pravoslavie.ru. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  4. ^ a b Carnandet (ed.), Acta Sanctorum vol. 16 (1866), p. 463.
  5. ^ a b Ekkart Sauser (1995). "Sophia von Rom". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 10. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 807–808. ISBN 3-88309-062-X.
  6. ^ Baš, Angelos (2004). Slovenski etnološki leksikon. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga. p. 449.
  7. ^ Frančič, Franjo; Osti, Josip (2008). Kam se skrijejo metulji pred dežjem: izbrane kratke proze. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga. p. 78.
  8. ^ Bauer, Marjan (February 10, 2012). "Češnje zorijo pozimi". Finance. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
  9. ^ Fajfar, Tone (1996). Odločitev: Spomini in partizanski dnevnik. Ljubljana: Ljudska pravica. p. 480.
  10. ^ Pavček, Tone (1997). Čas duše, čas telesa. Knjižna zadruga: Ljubljana. p. 198.
  11. ^ Keber, Janez (1988). Leksikon imen. Celje: Mohorjeva družba. p. 398.
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