Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad: Difference between revisions

Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad
Overview
Locale	New York
Dates of operation	1842–1891
Successor	New York Central Railroad
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

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The Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad was a railroad that grew, in stages, from Rome, New York to Watertown and then to Ogdensburg, New York and Massena, New York. The original Rome and Watertown Railroad terminated in Cape Vincent, NY on the St. Lawrence River. A branch of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad, commonly known as "The Hojack Line", operated along the south shore of Lake Ontario, from Oswego, New York to Niagara Falls, New York.

After it was merged into the New York Central in 1913, the RW&O line was known as the St. Lawrence Division.

History

The Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad (RW&O) began in 1842 as the Watertown & Rome Railroad (W&R) to link Watertown with Rome, New York on the Syracuse & Utica Railroad, later consolidated as part of the New York Central Railroad (NYC). The Potsdam & Watertown Railroad was formed at this time to link Watertown with Potsdam, New York in St. Lawrence County. In 1861, these two railroads merged as the RW&O.

A branch line from DeKalb Junction (near Canton, New York) to Ogdensburg was later built. In 1864, the RW&O constructed a line from Pulaski to Oswego and merged with the Syracuse & Northern Railroad. In 1858, the Lake Ontario Shore Railroad (LOS) was chartered from Oswego to Suspension Bridge, New York (now Niagara Falls, New York). RW&O merged with the LOS in 1875; by that time the LOS was bankrupt. Branch lines reached what became resort towns along the St. Lawrence River at the end of the 19th century: Cape Vincent, Clayton and Ogdensburg. At the first two towns, ferries were available to Ontario towns on the opposite side of the river, as well as the Thousand Islands.

The RW&O was nicknamed "Rotten Wood & Old Rusty Rails"^[1] due to its crumbling infrastructure. By 1878, the RW&O had been merged into the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad (DL&W). DL&W built the Ontario Secondary in 1882 (Beebee line) from Charlotte, New York (where the Genesee River flows into Lake Ontario) to Rochester, New York. By 1891, RW&O became a subsidiary of NYC. On April 12, 1913, the RW&O was formally merged into the NYC.

In 20th century timetables for the New York Central Railroad (NYC), the line was referred to as the St. Lawrence Division.^[2]^[3] Revenue passenger service was operated from the NYC's "Water Level Route" mainline. Coach passengers for the route to Watertown, Potsdam and on to Massena changed trains at Syracuse. Passengers for the branch splitting off the route at Philadelphia, New York for Ogdensburg changed at Syracuse. Sleeping car passengers would be able to take a continuous through-car ride.^[4]^[5] The last sleeping cars to and from New York City operated along the route in 1961, discontinued with the October schedule. The local coach service to Ogdensburg ended by October, 1961 as well.^[6] The remaining local coach service for Massena was dropped from the timetable by April, 1964.^[7]

Legacy

Former RW&O trackage is operated by CSX (CSXT), Ontario Midland Railroad (OMID) and the Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad. Several disconnected sections of the former line have also been converted to trails, including the Webster Hojack Trail, Cayuga Hojack Trail, Maple City Trail in Ogdensburg, Harbor Rail Trail in Oswego and additional sections in Hamlin, Hilton and Rochester, New York.^[8]

The RW&O had terminals in Suspension Bridge, Rochester, Syracuse, Rome, Utica, Natural Bridge, Massena, Ogdensburg, Clayton, Cape Vincent and Sackets Harbor.

Hojack nickname

The RW&O was nicknamed the Hojack, but its origins have multiple explanations.

Hojack originated from the engineer of the first train, who was named Jack Welch (often called "Big Jack"). Welch used to be a farmer and was more familiar with horses than steam locomotives. When he stopped the trains he would shout "Whoa Jack!". This became Hojack over time.
Many people fondly called the RW&O by its nickname, "Hojack." In the early days of the railroad, a farmer in his buckboard drawn by a bulky mule was caught on a crossing at train time. When the mule was halfway across the tracks, he stopped. The train was fast approaching and the farmer naturally got excited and began shouting, "Ho-Jack, Ho-Jack." Amused by the incident, the trainmen began calling their line the "Ho-Jack."^[9]

Considerable mystery has always surrounded the origin of the nickname "Hojack" applied to the R. W. & O. division. Railroad men, when asked, seemed to have but a vague idea of the reason of the term. In a letter to the Oswego Bulletin, a writer who signs himself as an "Old Engineer," writes: "I noticed recently in an Oswego paper there was some doubt as to the origin of the word 'Hojack' as applied to the R, W. & O. division of the New York Central railroad. There are a few persons on the railroad who know how the name came to be applied, but I happen to know the exact circumstances. Along in the early 70's a man named Royal and one John Tobin were employed by the R., W. & O. railroad in running trains between Lewiston and Suspension Bridge. Royal was a gruff, genial fellow and was well liked by the railroad men at the bridge. It was his habit, when after having delivered his cars at the bridge, he was ready to return, to stand at the officer door and call out to his partner in stentorian tones. 'Ho, Jack, time to be going back.' The man and the voice became inseparably connected with the railroad and when his train appeared the men would say, 'Here comes the hojack.' The name sticks to the road and the R., W. & O., is now better known among railroad men as the 'Hojack' than it is by its corporate name."^[10]

Author Richard Palmer attributes it to a slang term for a slow local passenger train or way freight. The Port Jervis Evening Gazette reported, "[w]hile the Hojack was backing down to the depot Wednesday afternoon a horse in a team attached to a wagon from the country got its foot fast between the rail and the bed of the track in a manner similar to that which a horse belonging to Thomas Cuddeback was ruined some time ago. It was with great difficulty that the horse Wednesday was saved from a similar fate. The foot was got out just in time to get out of the way of the train."^[11]

A subsequent story in the same newspaper supports that explanation, saying "[t]he name Hojack, which the Gazette gave to the way train leaving here for the west at 1:30 in the afternoon, sticks closer than a brother, and the train is now generally known by that name."^[12] NYC attempted to ban the name by way of an edict released in 1906.^[13]

System map

Station listing

Main Line
Milepost	Town / City	Station	Image	Notes	Position
	Rome	Rome
		Humaston
		Taberg
		Camden
		West Camden
		Williamstown
		Kasoag
		Albion
		Richland Junction
		Lacona
		Mannsville
		Pierrepont Manor
		Adams
		Adams Center
		Watertown
		Evans Mill
		Philadelphia
		Antwerp
		Keenes
		Gouveneur
		Richville
		De Kalb Junction
		Canton
		Potsdam
		Norwood Junction
		Massena Springs

References

^ Webville & Hypertext RR
^ for example: June 1928 New York Central timetable, Tables 35, 36 http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0628.pdf
^ December 1947 New York Central Timetable http://streamlinermemories.info/NYC/NYC47-12TT.pdf
^ "New York Central Railroad, Table 60". Official Guide of the Railways. 87 (7). National Railway Publication Company. December 1954.
^ Maiken, Peter. Night Trains, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989, p. 41. ISBN 9780801845031.
^ October 1961 New York Central timetable, Table 18 http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-1061.pdf
^ April 1964 New York Central timetable http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0464.pdf
^ Freeman, Rich and Sue (2003). Take Your Bike: Family Rides in the Rochester Area. Footprint Press. pp. 38–44, 80–83, 101, 107–109. ISBN 1-930480-02-4.
^ Batzing, Dick (20 March 2018). "The Hojack Line Story".
^ Rome Daily Sentinel March 1, 1904 page 5
^ The Port Jervis Evening Gazette, October 28, 1879
^ The Port Jervis Evening Gazette, February 5, 1880
^ "Edict Against Hojack". Syracuse Post Standard. 1906-01-12.

External links

Hojack Trail

The Story of the Rome, Watertown, and Ogdensburg RailRoad at Project Gutenberg

[1] Webville & Hypertext RR

[2] r example: June 1928 New York Central timetable, Tables 35, 36 http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0628.pdf

[3] December 1947 New York Central Timetable http://streamlinermemories.info/NYC/NYC47-12TT.pdf

[4] "New York Central Railroad, Table 60". Official Guide of the Railways. 87 (7). National Railway Publication Company. December 1954.

[5] Maiken, Peter. Night Trains, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989, p. 41. ISBN 9780801845031.

[6] October 1961 New York Central timetable, Table 18 http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-1061.pdf

[7] April 1964 New York Central timetable http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0464.pdf

[8] Freeman, Rich and Sue (2003). Take Your Bike: Family Rides in the Rochester Area. Footprint Press. pp. 38–44, 80–83, 101, 107–109. ISBN 1-930480-02-4.

[9] Batzing, Dick (20 March 2018). "The Hojack Line Story".

[10] Rome Daily Sentinel March 1, 1904 page 5

[11] The Port Jervis Evening Gazette, October 28, 1879

[12] The Port Jervis Evening Gazette, February 5, 1880

[13] "Edict Against Hojack". Syracuse Post Standard. 1906-01-12.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Railroad in New York (state)}}
 {{Infobox rail
 | railroad_name=Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad
@@ Line 6: / Line 7: @@
 | old_gauge=
 | marks=
+| system_map={{maplink-road|from=Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad.map|from2=Lake Ontario Shore Railroad.map|from3=Syracuse Northern Railroad.map|from4=Syracuse, Phoenix and Oswego Railway.map}}
 | locale=[[New York (state)|New York]]
 | start_year=1842
@@ Line 13: / Line 15: @@
 }}
 [[File:Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh RR 1874.jpg|thumb|Bond of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh Rail Road Company, issued 1. July 1874]]
-The '''Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad''' was a railroad that grew, in stages, from [[Rome, New York]] to [[Watertown (city), New York|Watertown]] and then to [[Ogdensburg, New York]] and [[Massena, New York]].  The original Rome and Watertown Railroad terminated in [[Cape Vincent, NY]] on the [[St Lawrence River]]. A branch of the '''Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad''', commonly known as ''The Hojack Line'', operated along the south shore of [[Lake Ontario]], from [[Oswego, New York]] to [[Niagara Falls, New York]].
+The '''Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad''' was a railroad that grew, in stages, from [[Rome, New York]] to [[Watertown (city), New York|Watertown]] and then to [[Ogdensburg, New York]] and [[Massena, New York]].  The original Rome and Watertown Railroad terminated in [[Cape Vincent, NY]] on the [[St. Lawrence River]]. A branch of the '''Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad''', commonly known as "The Hojack Line", operated along the south shore of [[Lake Ontario]], from [[Oswego, New York]] to [[Niagara Falls, New York]].
+After it was merged into the [[New York Central]] in 1913, the RW&O line was known as the St. Lawrence Division.
 ==History==
-The '''Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad (RW&O)''' began in 1842 as the Watertown & Rome Railroad (W&R) to link [[Watertown (city), New York|Watertown]] with [[Rome, New York]] on the [[Syracuse and Utica Railroad|Syracuse & Utica Railroad]], later consolidated as part of the [[New York Central Railroad]] (NYC). The Potsdam & Watertown Railroad was formed at this time to link Watertown with [[Potsdam (town), New York|Potsdam, New York]] in [[St. Lawrence County, New York|St. Lawrence County]]. In 1861 these two railroads merged as the RW&O.
+The '''Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad (RW&O)''' began in 1842 as the Watertown & Rome Railroad (W&R) to link [[Watertown (city), New York|Watertown]] with [[Rome, New York]] on the [[Syracuse and Utica Railroad|Syracuse & Utica Railroad]], later consolidated as part of the [[New York Central Railroad]] (NYC). The Potsdam & Watertown Railroad was formed at this time to link Watertown with [[Potsdam (town), New York|Potsdam, New York]] in [[St. Lawrence County, New York|St. Lawrence County]]. In 1861, these two railroads merged as the RW&O.
-A branch line from DeKalb Junction (near [[Canton (village), New York|Canton, New York]]) to Ogdensburg was later built. In 1864, the RW&O constructed a line from [[Pulaski, New York|Pulaski]] to [[Oswego, New York|Oswego]] and merged with the [[Syracuse and Northern Railroad|Syracuse & Northern Railroad]]. In 1858 the [[Lake Ontario Shore Railroad]] (LOS) was chartered from Oswego to Suspension Bridge, New York (now [[Niagara Falls, New York]]). RW&O merged with the LOS in 1875; by that time the LOS was bankrupt. Branch lines reached what became resort towns along the [[St. Lawrence River]] at the end of the 19th century: Cape Vincent, [[Clayton, New York|Clayton]] and Ogdensburg. At the first two towns, ferries were available to Ontario towns on the opposite side of the river, as well as the [[Thousand Islands, New York|Thousand Islands]].
+A branch line from DeKalb Junction (near [[Canton (village), New York|Canton, New York]]) to Ogdensburg was later built. In 1864, the RW&O constructed a line from [[Pulaski, New York|Pulaski]] to [[Oswego, New York|Oswego]] and merged with the [[Syracuse and Northern Railroad|Syracuse & Northern Railroad]]. In 1858, the [[Lake Ontario Shore Railroad]] (LOS) was chartered from Oswego to Suspension Bridge, New York (now [[Niagara Falls, New York]]). RW&O merged with the LOS in 1875; by that time the LOS was bankrupt. Branch lines reached what became resort towns along the [[St. Lawrence River]] at the end of the 19th century: Cape Vincent, [[Clayton, New York|Clayton]] and Ogdensburg. At the first two towns, ferries were available to Ontario towns on the opposite side of the river, as well as the [[Thousand Islands, New York|Thousand Islands]].
-The RW&O was nicknamed "Rotten Wood & Old Rusty Rails"<ref>[http://www.spikesys.com/webville.html Webville & Hypertext RR]</ref> due to its crumbling infrastructure. By 1878 the RW&O had been merged into the [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad|Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad]] (DL&W). DL&W built the Ontario Secondary in 1882 (Beebee line) from [[Charlotte, Rochester, New York|Charlotte, New York]] (where the [[Genesee River]] flows into [[Lake Ontario]]) to [[Rochester, New York]]. By 1891 RW&O became a subsidiary of NYC. On April 12, 1913 the RW&O was formally merged into the NYC.
+The RW&O was nicknamed "Rotten Wood & Old Rusty Rails"<ref>[http://www.spikesys.com/webville.html Webville & Hypertext RR]</ref> due to its crumbling infrastructure. By 1878, the RW&O had been merged into the [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad|Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad]] (DL&W). DL&W built the Ontario Secondary in 1882 (Beebee line) from [[Charlotte, Rochester, New York|Charlotte, New York]] (where the [[Genesee River]] flows into [[Lake Ontario]]) to [[Rochester, New York]]. By 1891, RW&O became a subsidiary of NYC. On April 12, 1913, the RW&O was formally merged into the NYC.
-In 20th century timetables for the New York Central Railroad (NYC), the line is referred to as the ''St. Lawrence Division.''<ref>for example: June 1928 New York Central timetable, Tables 35, 36 http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0628.pdf</ref><ref>December 1947 New York Central Timetable http://streamlinermemories.info/NYC/NYC47-12TT.pdf</ref> Revenue passenger service was operated from the NYC's "Water Level Route" mainline. Coach passengers for the route to Watertown, Potsdam and on to Massena changed trains at Syracuse. Passengers for the branch splitting off the route at [[Philadelphia, New York]] for Ogdensburg changed at [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]]. [[Sleeping car]] passengers would be able to take a continuous one-carriage ride.<ref>{{cite journal |title=New York Central Railroad, Table 60|journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=87 |issue=7 |date=December 1954}}</ref> The last sleeping cars to and from New York City operated along the route in 1961, falling off the October schedule. The local coach service to Ogdensburg ended by October, 1961 as well.<ref>October 1961 New York Central timetable, Table 18 http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-1061.pdf</ref> The remaining local coach service for Massena fell off the timetable by April, 1964.<ref>April 1964 New York Central timetable http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0464.pdf</ref>
+In 20th century timetables for the New York Central Railroad (NYC), the line was referred to as the St. Lawrence Division.<ref>for example: June 1928 New York Central timetable, Tables 35, 36 http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0628.pdf</ref><ref>December 1947 New York Central Timetable http://streamlinermemories.info/NYC/NYC47-12TT.pdf</ref> Revenue passenger service was operated from the NYC's "Water Level Route" mainline. Coach passengers for the route to Watertown, Potsdam and on to Massena changed trains at Syracuse. Passengers for the branch splitting off the route at [[Philadelphia, New York]] for Ogdensburg changed at [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]]. [[Sleeping car]] passengers would be able to take a continuous through-car ride.<ref>{{cite journal |title=New York Central Railroad, Table 60|journal=Official Guide of the Railways |publisher=National Railway Publication Company |volume=87 |issue=7 |date=December 1954}}</ref><ref>Maiken, Peter. ''Night Trains'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989, p. 41. {{ISBN|9780801845031}}.</ref> The last sleeping cars to and from New York City operated along the route in 1961, discontinued with the October schedule. The local coach service to Ogdensburg ended by October, 1961 as well.<ref>October 1961 New York Central timetable, Table 18 http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-1061.pdf</ref> The remaining local coach service for Massena was dropped from the timetable by April, 1964.<ref>April 1964 New York Central timetable http://www.canadasouthern.com/caso/ptt/images/tt-0464.pdf</ref>
 ==Legacy==
-Former RW&O trackage is operated by [[CSX Transportation|CSX]] (CSXT), [[Ontario Midland Railroad]] (OMID) and the [[Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad]]. Several disconnected sections of the former line have also been converted to trail including the [[Webster Hojack Trail]], [[Cayuga Hojack Trail]], Maple City Trail in Ogdensburg, Harbor Rail Trail in Oswego and additional sections in [[Hamlin, New York|Hamlin]], [[Hilton, New York|Hilton]] and [[Rochester, New York]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Take Your Bike: Family Rides in the Rochester Area | last=Freeman | first= Rich and Sue | year=2003 | pages=38–44, 80–83, 101, 107–109 |isbn=1-930480-02-4}}</ref>
+Former RW&O trackage is operated by [[CSX Transportation|CSX]] (CSXT), [[Ontario Midland Railroad]] (OMID) and the [[Mohawk, Adirondack and Northern Railroad]]. Several disconnected sections of the former line have also been converted to trails, including the [[Webster Hojack Trail]], [[Cayuga Hojack Trail]], Maple City Trail in Ogdensburg, Harbor Rail Trail in Oswego and additional sections in [[Hamlin, New York|Hamlin]], [[Hilton, New York|Hilton]] and [[Rochester, New York]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Take Your Bike: Family Rides in the Rochester Area | last=Freeman | first= Rich and Sue | year=2003 | pages=38–44, 80–83, 101, 107–109 | publisher=Footprint Press |isbn=1-930480-02-4}}</ref>
-The RW&O had terminals in Suspension Bridge, Rochester, [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], [[Rome, New York|Rome]], [[Utica, New York|Utica]], [[Natural Bridge, New York|Natural Bridge]], [[Massena (village), New York|Massena]], [[Ogdensburg, New York|Ogdensburg]], [[Clayton (town), New York|Clayton]], [[Cape Vincent (town), New York|Cape Vincent]] and [[Sackets Harbor, New York|Sacket's Harbor]].
+The RW&O had terminals in Suspension Bridge, Rochester, [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]], [[Rome, New York|Rome]], [[Utica, New York|Utica]], [[Natural Bridge, New York|Natural Bridge]], [[Massena (village), New York|Massena]], [[Ogdensburg, New York|Ogdensburg]], [[Clayton (town), New York|Clayton]], [[Cape Vincent (town), New York|Cape Vincent]] and [[Sackets Harbor, New York|Sackets Harbor]].
 == ''Hojack'' nickname==
@@ Line 33: / Line 37: @@
 #''Hojack'' originated from the engineer of the first train, who was named Jack Welch (often called "Big Jack"). Welch used to be a farmer and was more familiar with horses than steam locomotives. When he stopped the trains he would shout "Whoa Jack!". This became Hojack over time.
-#Many people fondly called the RW&O by its nickname, "Hojack." In the early days of the railroad, a farmer in his buckboard drawn by a bulky mule was caught on a crossing at train time. When the mule was halfway across the tracks, he stopped. The train was fast approaching and the farmer naturally got excited and began shouting, "Ho-Jack, Ho-Jack." Amused by the incident, the trainmen began calling their line the "Ho-Jack."<ref>{{cite web | first=Dick | last=Batzing | url=http://www.webstertrails.org/hojack/story.php | title=The Hojack Line Story}}</ref>
+#Many people fondly called the RW&O by its nickname, "Hojack." In the early days of the railroad, a farmer in his buckboard drawn by a bulky mule was caught on a crossing at train time. When the mule was halfway across the tracks, he stopped. The train was fast approaching and the farmer naturally got excited and began shouting, "Ho-Jack, Ho-Jack." Amused by the incident, the trainmen began calling their line the "Ho-Jack."<ref>{{cite web | first=Dick | last=Batzing | url=http://www.webstertrails.org/hojack/story.php | title=The Hojack Line Story| date=20 March 2018 }}</ref>
 Considerable mystery has always surrounded the origin of the nickname "Hojack" applied to the R. W. & O. division. Railroad men, when asked, seemed to have but a vague idea of the reason of the term. In a letter to the Oswego Bulletin, a writer who signs himself as an "Old Engineer," writes: "I noticed recently in an Oswego paper there was some doubt as to the origin of the word 'Hojack' as applied to the R, W. & O. division of the New York Central railroad. There are a few persons on the railroad who know how the name came to be applied, but I happen to know the exact circumstances. Along in the early 70's a man named Royal and one John Tobin were employed by the R., W. & O. railroad in running trains between Lewiston and Suspension Bridge. Royal was a gruff, genial fellow and was well liked by the railroad men at the bridge. It was his habit, when after having delivered his cars at the bridge, he was ready to return, to stand
@@ Line 246: / Line 250: @@
 == External links ==
-* [http://www.webstertrails.org/hojack/hojack.php Hojack Trail]
+* [https://webstertrails.org/the-hojack-line-story/ Hojack Trail]
 {{Gutenberg|no=39021|name=The Story of the Rome, Watertown, and Ogdensburg RailRoad}}
 {{NYCRR}}
+{{Portal|Railways}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Rome Watertown Ogdensburg  Railroad}}
@@ Line 261: / Line 266: @@
 [[Category:American companies established in 1861]]
 [[Category:Subdivisions of the New York Central Railroad]]
+[[Category:Former buildings and structures in Watertown, New York]]

v t e New York Central Railroad subsidiaries
1850s	1853 Auburn Road Albany and Schenectady Falls Road Schenectady and Troy Buffalo and Lockport 1854 Lewiston 1855 Buffalo and Niagara Falls Rochester and Lake Ontario 1858 Niagara Bridge and Canandaigua
1860s	1869 Hudson River
1870s	1871 Canada Southern Michigan Central Spuyten Duyvil & Port Morris 1873 Harlem ca. 1877 Lake Shore 1878 Geneva and Lyons
1880s	1882 Nickel Plate 1885 West Shore 1889 Big Four Route
1890s	1891 Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad 1893 Mohawk and Malone Railway 1894 Putnam 1898 Gardenville
1900s	1900 Boston and Albany Railroad 1904 Rutland 1905 New York and Ottawa 1909 New York State Railways Pine Creek Railway