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{{Short description|Minor scale based on E}}
{{Short description|Minor scale based on E}}
{{Infobox musical scale
{{Infobox musical scale
| name=E minor<br /><score>\new Staff \with{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit TimeSignature } { \time 1/8 \key e \minor s16 \clef F \key e \minor s16 }</score>
| name=E minor<br /><score>{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \key e \minor s16 \clef F \key e \minor s^"" }</score>
| relative=[[G major]]
| relative=[[G major]]
| parallel=[[E major]]
| parallel=[[E major]]
Line 14: Line 14:
| seventh_pitch=D
| seventh_pitch=D
}}
}}
'''E minor''' is a [[minor scale]] based on [[E (musical note)|E]], consisting of the pitches E, [[F♯ (musical note)|F{{Music|sharp}}]], [[G (musical note)|G]], [[A (musical note)|A]], [[B (musical note)|B]], [[C (musical note)|C]], and [[D (musical note)|D]]. Its [[key signature]] has one [[sharp (music)|sharp]]. Its [[relative key|relative major]] is [[G major]] and its [[parallel key|parallel major]] is [[E major]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6ch8xs/revision/4 "Notation"] ''BBC Bitesize''. Retrieved 2023-06-14.</ref>
'''E minor''' is a [[minor scale]] based on [[E (musical note)|E]], consisting of the pitches E, [[F♯ (musical note)|F{{Music|sharp}}]], [[G (musical note)|G]], [[A (musical note)|A]], [[B (musical note)|B]], [[C (musical note)|C]], and [[D (musical note)|D]]. Its [[key signature]] has one [[sharp (music)|sharp]], on the F. Its [[relative key|relative major]] is [[G major]] and its [[parallel key|parallel major]] is [[E major]].<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z6ch8xs/revision/4 "Notation"] ''BBC Bitesize''. Retrieved 2023-06-14.</ref>




The E [[natural minor scale]] is:
The E [[natural minor scale]] is:
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:<score sound="1"> {
:<score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key e \minor \time 7/4 e4^\markup "E natural minor scale" fis g a b c d e d c b a g fis e2 \clef F \key e \minor
\key e \minor \time 7/4 e^"E natural minor scale" fis g a b c d e d c b a g fis e2 \clef F \key e \minor
} }
} }
</score>
</score>
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:<score sound="1"> {
:<score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key e \minor \time 7/4 e4^\markup "E harmonic minor scale" fis g a b c dis e dis c b a g fis e2
\key e \minor \time 7/4 e^"E harmonic minor scale" fis g a b c dis e dis c b a g fis e2
} }
} }
</score>
</score>
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:<score sound="1"> {
:<score sound="1"> {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' {
\key e \minor \time 7/4 e4^\markup "E melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" fis g a b cis dis e d! c! b a g fis e2
\key e \minor \time 7/4 e^"E melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" fis g a b cis dis e d? c? b a g fis e2
} }
} }
</score>
</score>
Much of the [[classical guitar]] repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six [[open string (music)|open]] (un[[fret]]ted) strings are part of the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] chord. The key of E minor is also popular in [[heavy metal music]], as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.
Much of the [[classical guitar]] repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six [[open string (music)|open]] (un[[fret]]ted) strings are part of the [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] chord. The key of E minor is also popular in [[heavy metal music]], as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.


== Scale degree chords ==
==Scale degree chords==
* [[Tonic (music)|'''Tonic''']] - E minor
The [[scale degree]] chords of E minor are:
* [[Tonic (music)|'''Tonic''']] – E minor
* '''[[Supertonic]]''' - [[Diminished triad|F-sharp diminished]]
* '''[[Mediant]]''' - [[G major]]
* '''[[Supertonic]]''' – [[Diminished triad|F-sharp diminished]]
* '''[[Subdominant]]''' - [[A minor]]
* '''[[Mediant]]''' – [[G major]]
* [[Dominant (music)|'''Dominant''']] - [[B minor]]
* '''[[Subdominant]]''' – [[A minor]]
* '''[[Submediant]]''' - [[C major]]
* [[Dominant (music)|'''Dominant''']] – [[B minor]]
* '''[[Subtonic]]''' - [[D major]]
* '''[[Submediant]]''' – [[C major]]
* '''[[Subtonic]]''' – [[D major]]


==Notable compositions==
==Notable compositions==
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{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
{{Div col|colwidth=25em}}
*[[Charles-Valentin Alkan]]
*[[George Frideric Handel]]
** ''[[Le festin d'Ésope]]'', Op. 39, No. 12, from 12 etudes in all the minor keys
**[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]] (overture)
*[[Joseph Haydn]]
*[[Johann Sebastian Bach]]
**[[Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548]]
**[[Symphony No. 44 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 44]] (''Trauer'')
** [[English_Suites_(Bach)|English Suite No. 5]], BWV 810
*[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
** [[Partita for keyboard No. 6, BWV 830|Partita for keyboard in E minor, BWV 830]]
**[[Violin Sonata No. 21 (Mozart)|Violin Sonata No. 21]]
** [[Lute Suite in E minor, BWV 996|Suite in E minor for solo lute, BWV 996]]
** [[Die Alte (song)|Die Alte, K. 517]]
**[[Bourrée in E minor|Bourrée in E minor, BWV 996]]
*[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]
*[[Ludwig van Beethoven]]
** [[String Quartet No. 8 (Beethoven)|String Quartet No. 8]]
** [[String Quartet No. 8 (Beethoven)|String Quartet No. 8]]
** [[Piano Sonata No. 27 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 27]]
** [[Piano Sonata No. 27 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 27]]
*[[Carl Maria von Weber]]
*[[Johannes Brahms]]
**[[Symphony No. 4 (Brahms)|Symphony No. 4]]
**[[Concertino for Horn and Orchestra (Weber)|Horn Concertino]]
**[[Cello Sonata No. 1 (Brahms)|Cello Sonata No. 1]]
*[[Franz Danzi]]
**[[Fantasies, Op. 116]] (5th movement)
**[[Horn Sonata No. 2 (Danzi)|Horn Sonata Op. 44]]
**[[Four Pieces for Piano, Op. 119 (Brahms)|Four Pieces for Piano, Op. 119]] (2nd movement)
*[[Niccolò Paganini]]
**[[24 Caprices for Solo Violin (Paganini)|Caprice No. 3]]
**[[24 Caprices for Solo Violin (Paganini)|Caprice No. 15]]
*[[Karol Lipiński]]
**Violin Concerto No. 3, Op. 24
*[[Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart]]
**Rondo for Flute and Piano
*[[Franz Schubert]]
**[[Piano Sonata in E minor, D 566 (Schubert)|Piano Sonata in E minor, D. 566]]
**[[Piano Sonata in E minor, D 769A (Schubert)|Piano Sonata in E minor, D. 769A]]
**Fugue in E minor for four hands, D. 952
*[[Felix Mendelssohn]]
**[[Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)|Violin Concerto]]
**Albumblatt, Op. 117
*[[Frédéric Chopin]]
*[[Frédéric Chopin]]
**[[Nocturne in E minor, Op. posth. 72 (Chopin)|Nocturne in E minor]]
**[[Nocturne in E minor, Op. posth. 72 (Chopin)|Nocturne in E minor]]
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**[[Étude Op. 25, No. 5 (Chopin)|Étude Op. 25, No. 5 "Wrong Note"]]
**[[Étude Op. 25, No. 5 (Chopin)|Étude Op. 25, No. 5 "Wrong Note"]]
**[[Prelude, Op. 28, No. 4 (Chopin)|Prelude Op. 28, No. 4 "Suffocation"]]
**[[Prelude, Op. 28, No. 4 (Chopin)|Prelude Op. 28, No. 4 "Suffocation"]]
*[[Charles-Valentin Alkan]]
*[[Franz Danzi]]
**[[Horn Sonata No. 2 (Danzi)|Horn Sonata Op. 44]]
** ''[[Le festin d'Ésope]]'', Op. 39, No. 12, from 12 etudes in all the minor keys
*[[Johannes Brahms]]
*[[Gaetano Donizetti]]
**String Quartet No. 18
**[[Symphony No. 4 (Brahms)|Symphony No. 4]]
**[[Cello Sonata No. 1 (Brahms)|Cello Sonata No. 1]]
**[[Fantasies, Op. 116]] (5th movement)
**[[Four Pieces for Piano, Op. 119 (Brahms)|Four Pieces for Piano, Op. 119]] (2nd movement)
*[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]
**[[Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky)|Symphony No. 5]]
*[[Antonín Dvořák]]
*[[Antonín Dvořák]]
**[[Symphony No. 9 (Dvořák)|Symphony No. 9]] (''From the New World'')<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3VvpyGscqK0djZbfTvjSQRH/symphony-no-9-in-e-minor-from-the-new-world-largo-by-antonin-dvo-ak "Symphony No. 9 in E minor, 'From the New World’ – Largo by Antonín Dvořák"] ''BBC''. Retrieved 2023-06-14.</ref>
**[[Symphony No. 9 (Dvořák)|Symphony No. 9]] (''From the New World'')<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3VvpyGscqK0djZbfTvjSQRH/symphony-no-9-in-e-minor-from-the-new-world-largo-by-antonin-dvo-ak "Symphony No. 9 in E minor, 'From the New World’ – Largo by Antonín Dvořák"] ''BBC''. Retrieved 2023-06-14.</ref>
**[[Piano Trio No. 4 (Dvořák)|Piano Trio Op. 90]]
**[[Piano Trio No. 4 (Dvořák)|Piano Trio Op. 90]]
**[[String Quartet No. 4 (Dvořák)|String Quartet No. 4]]
**[[Slavonic Dances|Slavonic Dance No. 2]], Op. 46
**[[Slavonic Dances|Slavonic Dance No. 2]], Op. 46
**[[Slavonic Dances|Slavonic Dance No. 2]], Op. 72
**[[Slavonic Dances|Slavonic Dance No. 2]], Op. 72
*[[Edvard Grieg]]
**[[Piano Sonata (Grieg)|Piano Sonata]]
*[[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]]
**''[[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)|Scheherazade]]''
*[[Gaetano Donizetti]]
**String Quartet No. 18
*[[Giuseppe Verdi]]
**[[String Quartet (Verdi)|String Quartet]]
*[[Edward Elgar]]
*[[Edward Elgar]]
**[[Cello Concerto (Elgar)|Cello Concerto]]
**[[Cello Concerto (Elgar)|Cello Concerto]]
Line 116: Line 91:
**[[String Quartet (Elgar)|String Quartet]]
**[[String Quartet (Elgar)|String Quartet]]
**[[Violin Sonata (Elgar)|Violin Sonata]]
**[[Violin Sonata (Elgar)|Violin Sonata]]
*[[Louise Farrenc]]
**Piano Trio in E minor, Op. 45
*[[Edvard Grieg]]
**[[Piano Sonata (Grieg)|Piano Sonata]]
*[[George Frideric Handel]]
**[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]] (overture)
*[[Joseph Haydn]]
**[[Symphony No. 44 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 44]] (''Trauer'')
*[[Ignaz Holzbauer]]
**Flute Concerto in E minor
*[[Margaret Ruthven Lang]]
**Rhapsody in E minor, Op. 24
*[[Karol Lipiński]]
**Violin Concerto No. 3, Op. 24
*[[Franz Liszt]]
**Malédiction, S. 121
*[[Felix Mendelssohn]]
**[[Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35 (Mendelssohn)|Preludes and Fugues, Op. 35]] (first pair)
**[[Violin Concerto (Mendelssohn)|Violin Concerto]]
** [[String symphonies (Mendelssohn)|String Symphony No. 3 in E minor]], MWV N 3
** [[String Quartet No. 4 (Mendelssohn)|String Quartet in E minor]], Op. 44
**Fugue in E minor, MWV W24
**Albumblatt, Op. 117
*[[Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart]]
**Rondo for Flute and Piano
*[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
**[[Violin Sonata No. 21 (Mozart)|Violin Sonata No. 21]]
** [[Die Alte (song)|Die Alte, K. 517]]
*[[Pietro Nardini]]
**Sonata No. 6 for two violins and bass
*[[Niccolò Paganini]]
**[[24 Caprices for Solo Violin (Paganini)|Caprice No. 3]]
**[[24 Caprices for Solo Violin (Paganini)|Caprice No. 15]]
*[[Sergei Prokofiev]]
**''[[Montagues and Capulets]]''
*[[Franz Schubert]]
**[[Piano Sonata in E minor, D 566 (Schubert)|Piano Sonata in E minor, D. 566]]
**[[Piano Sonata in E minor, D 769A (Schubert)|Piano Sonata in E minor, D. 769A]]
**Fugue in E minor for four hands, D. 952
*[[Dmitri Shostakovich]]
**[[Piano Trio No. 2 (Shostakovich)|Piano Trio No. 2]]
**[[Symphony No. 10 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 10]]
*[[Jean Sibelius]]
*[[Jean Sibelius]]
**[[Symphony No. 1 (Sibelius)|Symphony No. 1]], Op. 39
**[[Symphony No. 1 (Sibelius)|Symphony No. 1]], Op. 39
*[[Bedřich Smetana]]
*[[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]
** [[Die Moldau]]
**[[Symphony No. 6 (Vaughan Williams)|Symphony No. 6]]
**[[Symphony No. 9 (Vaughan Williams)|Symphony No. 9]]
** [[String Quartet No. 1 (Smetana)|String Quartet No. 1]]
<!-- see talk page**''[[The Lark Ascending]]''-->
*[[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]
*[[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]
**''[[Six moments musicaux (Rachmaninoff)#4. Presto, E minor|Moments musicaux]]'', Op. 16, No. 4
**''[[Six moments musicaux (Rachmaninoff)#4. Presto, E minor|Moments musicaux]]'', Op. 16, No. 4
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*[[Maurice Ravel]]
*[[Maurice Ravel]]
**''[[Le tombeau de Couperin]]''
**''[[Le tombeau de Couperin]]''
*[[Sergei Prokofiev]]
*[[Franz Xaver Richter]]
**Flute Concerto in E minor
**''[[Montagues and Capulets]]''
*[[Dmitri Shostakovich]]
*[[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]]
**''[[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)|Scheherazade]]''
**[[Piano Trio No. 2 (Shostakovich)|Piano Trio No. 2]]
*[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]
**[[Symphony No. 10 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 10]]
**[[Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky)|Symphony No. 5]]
*[[Johann Sebastian Bach]]
*[[Ralph Vaughan Williams]]
**[[Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 548]]
** [[English_Suites_(Bach)|English Suite No. 5]], BWV 810
**[[Symphony No. 6 (Vaughan Williams)|Symphony No. 6]]
**[[Symphony No. 9 (Vaughan Williams)|Symphony No. 9]]
** [[Partita for keyboard No. 6, BWV 830|Partita for keyboard in E minor, BWV 830]]
<!-- see talk page**''[[The Lark Ascending]]''-->
** [[Lute Suite in E minor, BWV 996|Suite in E minor for solo lute, BWV 996]]
*[[Giuseppe Verdi]]
***[[Bourrée in E minor|Bourrée in E minor, BWV 996]]
**[[String Quartet (Verdi)|String Quartet]]
*[[Bedřich Smetana]]
** [[Die Moldau]]
*[[Carl Maria von Weber]]
**[[Concertino for Horn and Orchestra (Weber)|Horn Concertino]]

{{Div col end}}
{{Div col end}}
<!--Please do not add a "list of notable songs in this key" section; see the discussion page for the article "C major".-->
<!--Please do not add a "list of notable songs in this key" section; see the discussion page for the article "C major".-->

Latest revision as of 19:18, 9 September 2024

E minor
{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \key e \minor s16 \clef F \key e \minor s^"" }
Relative keyG major
Parallel keyE major
Dominant keyB minor
SubdominantA minor
Component pitches
E, F♯, G, A, B, C, D

E minor is a minor scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F♯, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has one sharp, on the F. Its relative major is G major and its parallel major is E major.[1]

The E natural minor scale is:

{ \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \key e \minor \time 7/4 e^"E natural minor scale" fis g a b c d e d c b a g fis e2 \clef F \key e \minor } }

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

{ \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \key e \minor \time 7/4 e^"E harmonic minor scale" fis g a b c dis e dis c b a g fis e2 } }
{ \omit Score.TimeSignature \relative c' { \key e \minor \time 7/4 e^"E melodic minor scale (ascending and descending)" fis g a b cis dis e d? c? b a g fis e2 } }

Much of the classical guitar repertoire is in E minor, as this is a very natural key for the instrument. In standard tuning (E A D G B E), four of the instrument's six open (unfretted) strings are part of the tonic chord. The key of E minor is also popular in heavy metal music, as its tonic is the lowest note on a standard-tuned guitar.

Scale degree chords

[edit]

The scale degree chords of E minor are:

Notable compositions

[edit]
See also: List of symphonies in E minor

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Notation" BBC Bitesize. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
  2. ^ "Symphony No. 9 in E minor, 'From the New World’ – Largo by Antonín Dvořák" BBC. Retrieved 2023-06-14.
[edit]
  • Media related to E minor at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=E_minor&oldid=1244883706"