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{{short description|Polish aircraft}}
{{infobox Aircraft
{{Infobox aircraft
|name =WZ-X
|name =WZ.X
|image =CWL WZ-X.jpg
|caption =CWL WZ.X prototype, 1926
|type =[[Reconnaissance aircraft]]
|type =[[Reconnaissance aircraft]]
|manufacturer =[[Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze (CWL)|CWL]]
|manufacturer =[[Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze (CWL)|CWL]]
|image =Image:CWL WZ-X.jpg
|caption =CWL WZ-X prototype, 1926
|designer =
|designer =
|first flight = August [[1926 in aviation|1926]]
|first_flight = August [[1926 in aviation|1926]]
|introduced = 1928
|introduction = 1928
|retired = [[1939 in aviation|1939]]
|retired = [[1939 in aviation|1939]]
|status =
|status =
|primary user = [[Polish Air Force]]
|primary_user = [[Polish Air Force]]
|more users =
|more_users =
|produced = 1926-1927
|produced = 1926-1927
|number built = 4
|number_built = 4
|unit cost =
|unit cost =
|developed from =
|developed_from =
|variants with their own articles =
|variants =
}}
}}
The '''WZ-X''' was the [[Poland|Polish]] [[reconnaissance aircraft]] designed in the mid-[[1920s]] and manufactured in the '''[[Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze (CWL)]]''' - Central Aviation Workshops in [[Warsaw]]. It was the first combat aircraft of own design built in Poland.
The '''WZ.X''' was the [[Poland|Polish]] [[reconnaissance aircraft]] designed in the mid-1920s and manufactured in the [[Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze (CWL)]] - Central Aviation Workshops in [[Warsaw]]. It was the first combat aircraft of own design built in Poland, in a small series.


==Development==
==Development==
The aircraft was designed by Władysław Zalewski, as his tenth design (Zalewski had already constructed aircraft for the Russian Air Force during the [[World War I]]). Work started in 1923, and the first prototype was flown in August [[1926 in aviation|1926]]. Another airframe was built for static trials. Flight trials were successful: its performance was at least as good as the [[Breguet 19]], and better than the [[Potez 25]]. However, maintenance was more difficult.
The aircraft was designed by [[Władysław Zalewski]], as his tenth design (Zalewski had already constructed aircraft for the Russian Air Force during the [[World War I]]). Work started in 1923, and the first prototype was flown in August [[1926 in aviation|1926]]. Another airframe was built for static trials. Flight trials were successful: its performance was at least as good as the [[Breguet 19]], and better than the [[Potez 25]]. However, maintenance was more difficult.


In [[1927 in aviation|1927]], three pre-series aircraft were built (designated WZ-X/II, WZ-X/III, WZ-X/IV). The first two of these were fitted with the same Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb 478 hp [[W engine]] used by the prototype, while the other had a [[Gnome-Rhone]] Jupiter 9a 530 hp [[radial engine]] with four-blade propeller.
In [[1927 in aviation|1927]], two pre-series aircraft were built (designated WZ.X/II, WZ.X/III), powered by {{cvt|450|hp|order=flip}} [[Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb]] used by the prototype, with a fourth (WZ.X/IV) powered by a {{cvt|530|hp|order=flip}} [[Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter]] [[radial engine]] with four-blade [[propeller (aircraft)|propeller]].


The WZ-X did not enter serial production, because Poland had already bought many Breguet 19 aircraft from France, and started production under licence of the Potez 25 of the same class. Three WZ-Xs were given to aviation schools, where one or two survived in [[Dęblin]] until [[1939]].
The WZ.X did not enter serial production, because Poland had already bought many Breguet 19 aircraft from France, and started production under licence of the Potez 25 of the same class. Three WZ.Xs were given to aviation schools, where one or two survived in [[Dęblin]] until 1939.


==Description==
==Description==
Wooden construction [[biplane]], conventional in layout. A fuselage was [[semi-monocoque]], elliptical in cross-section, plywood-covered. Rectangular two-spar wings canvas and plywood covered, of equal span. Crew of two, sitting in [[tandem]] in an open [[cockpit]]. Conventional fixed [[landing gear]], with a rear skid. Engine in front, two-blade wooden [[propeller]]. Fuel tank in the fuselage.
Wooden construction braced [[biplane]], conventional in layout. A fuselage was [[semi-monocoque]], elliptical in cross-section, plywood-covered. Rectangular two-spar wings, covered with canvas and plywood (in front), of equal span, slightly staggered. Ailerons on both wings, joined with struts. Strutted [[empennage]], covered with plywood (stabilizers) and canvas (rudder and elevators). Crew of two, sitting in [[tandem]] in open [[cockpit (aviation)|cockpits]], the first with a windshield. Conventional fixed [[landing gear]], with a rear skid, the main gear with a common axle. Inline engine in front, driving two-blade tractor wooden propeller, with two round Lamblin radiators under the fuselage (in the WZ.X/IV - radial engine, with four-blade propeller and no radiators). Fuel tank in the fuselage.


The pilot had two fixed 7.7 mm Vickers [[machine gun]]s with an [[interrupter gear]], the observer had twin 7.7 mm [[Lewis gun|Lewis]] machine guns on a ring mounting. Bomb load: unknown.
The pilot had two fixed 7.7 mm Vickers [[machine gun]]s with an [[Synchronization gear|interrupter gear]], the observer had twin 7.7 mm [[Lewis gun|Lewis]] machine guns on a ring mounting. Bomb load: unknown.


==Specifications ==
==Variants==
;WZ.X/I:First prototype powered by a {{cvt|450|hp|order=flip}} [[Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb]]
;WZ.X/II:Pre-series aircraft essentially similar to the WZ.X/I
;WZ.X/III:Pre-series aircraft essentially similar to the WZ.X/I
;WZ.X/IV:Pre-series aircraft powered by a {{cvt|530|hp|order=flip}} [[ Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter]] driving a four-bladed propeller


==Specifications (WX.X/I) ==
{{aircraft specifications|
{{Aircraft specs
|plane or copter?=plane
|ref=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928,<ref name=JAWA1928>{{cite book |title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928 |editor1-last=Grey |editor1-first=C.G. |year=1928 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd |location=London |page=178c}}</ref> Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939,<ref name="Glass">{{cite book|last1=Glass|first1=Andrzej|title=Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939|date=1977|publisher=WKiŁ|location=Warsaw|pages=122–123|language=Polish}}</ref> Polish Aircraft 1893–1939<ref name=Cynk>{{cite book |last=Cynk |first=Jerzy B. |title=Polish Aircraft 1893–1939 |year=1971 |publisher=Putnam |location=London |isbn=978-0-370-00085-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/polishaircraft1800cynk/page/108 108-113] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/polishaircraft1800cynk/page/108 }}</ref>
|jet or prop?=prop
|prime units?=met
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|crew=2
|length m=8.21
|span m=11.31
|height m=3.07
|wing area sqm=33.2
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=St. Cyr
|empty weight kg=1246
|gross weight kg=1915
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb]]
|eng1 type=W-12 water-cooled piston engine
|eng1 hp=450


|prop blade number=2
|crew=2, pilot and observer
|prop name=fixed-pitch wooden propeller
|capacity=
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|length main= 8.21 m
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|length alt=
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|span main=11.31 m
|prop dia note=
|span alt=
<!--
|height main=3.07 m
Performance
|height alt=
-->
|area main=33.2 m²
|max speed kmh=206
|area alt= ft²
|max speed note=fully loaded; {{cvt|220|km/h|mph kn}} lightly loaded
|airfoil=
|cruise speed kmh=
|empty weight main= 1246 kg
|cruise speed mph=
|empty weight alt=
|cruise speed kts=
|loaded weight main= 1915 kg
|cruise speed note=
|loaded weight alt=
|stall speed kmh=
|useful load main= 669 kg
|useful load alt=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|max takeoff weight main= 1240 kg
|stall speed note=
|max takeoff weight alt=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|engine (prop)=[[Lorraine-Dietrich 12]]Eb
|never exceed speed mph=
|type of prop= water-cooled 12-cylinder [[inline engine|inline]] [[W engine]]
|never exceed speed kts=
|number of props=1
|never exceed speed note=
|power main=478 hp / 450 hp nominal power
|power alt=
|range km=800
|combat range km=

|combat range miles=
|max speed main=205 km/h
|max speed alt=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|cruise speed main= 180 km/h
|cruise speed alt=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|ferry range nmi=
|range main=800 km
|ferry range note=
|range alt=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling main=6325 m
|ceiling m=6325
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|ceiling alt=
|climb rate main= 5.5 m/s
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate alt=
|climb rate ms=5.5
|time to altitude=
|loading main= 57.7 kg/m²
|loading alt=
|wing loading kg/m2=57.7
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass main=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass alt=
|power/mass={{cvt|0,1064|hp/lb|kW/kg|order=flip}}

|more performance=
|armament=
<!--
*2 fixed front-firing 7.7 mm Vickers machineguns
Armament
*2 movable 7.7 mm Lewis machineguns
-->
*light bombs
|guns=<br>
::2x fixed front-firing {{cvt|7.7|mm|3}} [[Vickers machine-gun]]s
::2x movable {{cvt|7.7|mm|3}} [[Lewis machine-gun]]s
|bombs=light bombs


|avionics=
}}
}}


==References==
==See also==
{{Reflist}}

*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" (''Polish aviation constructions 1893-1939''), WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 (Polish language, no ISBN)


==Related content==
{{aircontent|
{{aircontent|
|related=
|related=

|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
|similar aircraft=<!-- similar or comparable aircraft -->
[[Breguet 19]] -
[[Breguet 19]] -
Line 102: Line 130:
[[Potez 25]] -
[[Potez 25]] -
[[Aero A.32]]
[[Aero A.32]]

|sequence=
[[Savelev No.1|WZ-III]] - [[Savelev No.2|WZ-IV]] - WZ-V - WZ-VI - CWL WZ-VIII - [[CWL WZ-IX]] - '''CWL WZ-X'''

|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|lists=<!-- related lists -->
|see also=*[[Savelev No.1|WZ-III]] - [[Savelev No.2|WZ-IV]] - [[CWL WZ-VIII]] - [[CWL WZ-IX]]


|see also=<!-- other relevant information -->
}}
}}


==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
[[Category:Polish military reconnaissance aircraft 1920-1929]]
{{commons category|CWL WZ-X}}
*[http://www.airwar.ru/enc/fww1/wzx.html Photos and drawings ] at [http://www.airwar.ru Ugolok Neba] site


[[Category:1920s Polish military reconnaissance aircraft]]
[[pl:CWL WZ-X]]
[[Category:Biplanes]]
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1926]]

Latest revision as of 19:43, 9 September 2024

WZ.X
CWL WZ.X prototype, 1926
General information
TypeReconnaissance aircraft
ManufacturerCWL
Primary userPolish Air Force
Number built4
History
Manufactured1926-1927
Introduction date1928
First flightAugust 1926
Retired1939

The WZ.X was the Polish reconnaissance aircraft designed in the mid-1920s and manufactured in the Centralne Warsztaty Lotnicze (CWL) - Central Aviation Workshops in Warsaw. It was the first combat aircraft of own design built in Poland, in a small series.

Development

[edit]

The aircraft was designed by Władysław Zalewski, as his tenth design (Zalewski had already constructed aircraft for the Russian Air Force during the World War I). Work started in 1923, and the first prototype was flown in August 1926. Another airframe was built for static trials. Flight trials were successful: its performance was at least as good as the Breguet 19, and better than the Potez 25. However, maintenance was more difficult.

In 1927, two pre-series aircraft were built (designated WZ.X/II, WZ.X/III), powered by 340 kW (450 hp) Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb used by the prototype, with a fourth (WZ.X/IV) powered by a 400 kW (530 hp) Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter radial engine with four-blade propeller.

The WZ.X did not enter serial production, because Poland had already bought many Breguet 19 aircraft from France, and started production under licence of the Potez 25 of the same class. Three WZ.Xs were given to aviation schools, where one or two survived in Dęblin until 1939.

Description

[edit]

Wooden construction braced biplane, conventional in layout. A fuselage was semi-monocoque, elliptical in cross-section, plywood-covered. Rectangular two-spar wings, covered with canvas and plywood (in front), of equal span, slightly staggered. Ailerons on both wings, joined with struts. Strutted empennage, covered with plywood (stabilizers) and canvas (rudder and elevators). Crew of two, sitting in tandem in open cockpits, the first with a windshield. Conventional fixed landing gear, with a rear skid, the main gear with a common axle. Inline engine in front, driving two-blade tractor wooden propeller, with two round Lamblin radiators under the fuselage (in the WZ.X/IV - radial engine, with four-blade propeller and no radiators). Fuel tank in the fuselage.

The pilot had two fixed 7.7 mm Vickers machine guns with an interrupter gear, the observer had twin 7.7 mm Lewis machine guns on a ring mounting. Bomb load: unknown.

Variants

[edit]
WZ.X/I
First prototype powered by a 340 kW (450 hp) Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb
WZ.X/II
Pre-series aircraft essentially similar to the WZ.X/I
WZ.X/III
Pre-series aircraft essentially similar to the WZ.X/I
WZ.X/IV
Pre-series aircraft powered by a 400 kW (530 hp) Gnome et Rhône 9A Jupiter driving a four-bladed propeller

Specifications (WX.X/I)

[edit]

Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928,[1] Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939,[2] Polish Aircraft 1893–1939[3]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 8.21 m (26 ft 11 in)
  • Wingspan: 11.31 m (37 ft 1 in)
  • Height: 3.07 m (10 ft 1 in)
  • Wing area: 33.2 m2 (357 sq ft)
  • Airfoil: St. Cyr
  • Empty weight: 1,246 kg (2,747 lb)
  • Gross weight: 1,915 kg (4,222 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Lorraine-Dietrich 12Eb W-12 water-cooled piston engine, 340 kW (450 hp)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch wooden propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 206 km/h (128 mph, 111 kn) fully loaded; 220 km/h (140 mph; 120 kn) lightly loaded
  • Range: 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi)
  • Service ceiling: 6,325 m (20,751 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 5.5 m/s (1,080 ft/min)
  • Wing loading: 57.7 kg/m2 (11.8 lb/sq ft)
  • Power/mass: 1,749 kW/kg (01,064 hp/lb)

Armament

  • Guns:
2x fixed front-firing 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Vickers machine-guns
2x movable 7.7 mm (0.303 in) Lewis machine-guns
  • Bombs: light bombs

See also

[edit]

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Breguet 19 - Potez 15 - Potez 25 - Aero A.32

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Grey, C.G., ed. (1928). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1928. London: Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd. p. 178c.
  2. ^ Glass, Andrzej (1977). Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939 (in Polish). Warsaw: WKiŁ. pp. 122–123.
  3. ^ Cynk, Jerzy B. (1971). Polish Aircraft 1893–1939. London: Putnam. pp. 108-113. ISBN 978-0-370-00085-5.
[edit]
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