Fairey Gordon: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|British light bomber and utility plane of the interwar era}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}} |
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{{Use British English|date=June 2015}} |
{{Use British English|date=June 2015}} |
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<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> |
<!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout. --> |
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{{Infobox aircraft |
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|name = Gordon |
|name = Gordon |
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|image = FaireyGordon0443.jpg |
|image = FaireyGordon0443.jpg |
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|caption = |
|caption = |
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}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |
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|type = Light bomber and general aircraft |
|type = Light bomber and general aircraft |
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|manufacturer = [[Fairey Aviation]] |
|manufacturer = [[Fairey Aviation]] |
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|designer = |
|designer = |
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|first_flight = 3 March 1931 |
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|introduction = |
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|retired = |
|retired = |
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|status = |
|status = |
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|primary_user = [[Royal Air Force]] |
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|more_users = [[Fleet Air Arm]] ([[Royal Navy]]) |
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|produced = |
|produced = |
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|number_built = 186 |
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|unit cost = |
|unit cost = |
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|developed_from = [[Fairey III]] |
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|variants |
|variants = |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Fairey Gordon''' was a British [[light bomber]] (2-seat day bomber) and utility aircraft of the 1930s. |
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The '''Fairey Gordon''' was a British [[light bomber]] (2-seat day bomber) and utility aircraft. |
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The Gordon was a conventional two-bay fabric-covered metal [[biplane]]. It was powered by {{convert|525|–|605|hp}} variants of the [[Armstrong Siddeley Panther]] IIa engine. Armament was one fixed, forward-firing {{convert|.303|in|mm|adj=on}} [[Vickers machine gun]] and a {{convert|.303|in|mm|adj=on}} [[Lewis Gun]] in the rear [[cockpit]], plus {{convert|500|lb|kg}} of bombs. The aircraft was somewhat basic; [[Flight instruments| |
The Gordon was a conventional two-bay fabric-covered metal [[biplane]]. It was powered by {{convert|525|–|605|hp}} variants of the [[Armstrong Siddeley Panther]] IIa engine. Armament was one fixed, forward-firing {{convert|.303|in|mm|adj=on}} [[Vickers machine gun]] and a {{convert|.303|in|mm|adj=on}} [[Lewis Gun]] in the rear [[cockpit]], plus {{convert|500|lb|kg}} of bombs. The aircraft was somewhat basic; [[Flight instruments|instruments]] were [[airspeed indicator]], [[altimeter]], [[Pressure measurement#Instruments|oil pressure gauge]], [[tachometer]], [[turn and bank indicator]] and [[compass]]. |
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==Development== |
==Development== |
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The Gordon was developed from the [[Fairey III|III]]F, primarily by use of the new Armstrong Siddeley Panther engine. The prototype was first flown on 3 March 1931, and around 80 earlier IIIFs were converted to a similar standard, 178 new-built aircraft were made for the RAF, a handful of IIIFs being converted on the production line. 154 Mark Is were produced, before production switched to the Mark II with larger fin and rudder; only 24 of these were completed before production switched to the [[Fairey Swordfish|Swordfish]]. The naval version of the Gordon, used by the [[Royal Navy]], was known as the [[Fairey Seal|Seal]]. |
The Gordon was developed from the [[Fairey III|III]]F, primarily by use of the new [[Armstrong Siddeley Panther]] engine. The prototype was first flown on 3 March 1931, and around 80 earlier IIIFs were converted to a similar standard, 178 new-built aircraft were made for the RAF, a handful of IIIFs being converted on the production line. 154 Mark Is were produced, before production switched to the Mark II with larger fin and rudder; only 24 of these were completed before production switched to the [[Fairey Swordfish|Swordfish]]. The naval version of the Gordon, used by the [[Royal Navy]], was known as the [[Fairey Seal|Seal]]. |
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==Service== |
==Service== |
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[[File:Fairey G1-34 MkII.jpg|thumb|Fairey G1-34 Mk.II]] |
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The type had mostly been retired from [[Royal Air Force]] and Royal Navy [[Fleet Air Arm]] service prior to the [[World War II|Second World War]], although [[No. 6 Squadron RAF]], [[No. 45 Squadron RAF]], and [[No. 47 Squadron RAF]], still operated the type in Egypt. Six of these aircraft were transferred to the [[Egyptian Air Force]]. |
The type had mostly been retired from [[Royal Air Force]] and Royal Navy [[Fleet Air Arm]] service prior to the [[World War II|Second World War]], although [[No. 6 Squadron RAF]], [[No. 45 Squadron RAF]], and [[No. 47 Squadron RAF]], still operated the type in Egypt. Six of these aircraft were transferred to the [[Egyptian Air Force]]. |
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49 Gordons were dispatched to the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] in April 1939, 41 entering brief service as pilot [[Trainer (aircraft)| |
49 Gordons were dispatched to the [[Royal New Zealand Air Force]] in April 1939, 41 entering brief service as pilot [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainers]]. The RNZAF found the aircraft worn out and showing signs of their service in the Middle East – including at least one scorpion. The last of these – and the last intact Gordon anywhere – was struck from RNZAF service in 1943. |
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Seven Gordons were adapted to target towing and stationed at No 4 Flying Training School at RAF Habbaniya in Iraq.<ref> |
Seven Gordons were adapted to target towing and stationed at No 4 Flying Training School at RAF Habbaniya in Iraq.<ref> |
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{{Cite book |last=Dudgeon |first=Anthony |year=1991 |title=The War That Never Was |place= |
{{Cite book |last=Dudgeon |first=Anthony |year=1991 |title=The War That Never Was |place=Shrewsbury |publisher=Airlife Publishing |isbn=1-85310-256-3}}</ref> At the end of April 1941 these aircraft were hastily converted back into bombers, and in early May they took part in the [[Anglo-Iraqi War#Siege of Habbaniya|defence of Habbaniya against Iraqi forces]] threatening and then attacking the School.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dudgeon |first=Anthony |year=2000 |title=Hidden Victory: The Battle of Habbaniya, May 1941 |place=Stroud and Charleston |publisher=[[The History Press|Tempus Publishing]] |isbn=0-7524-2001-1 |pages=36, 90}}</ref> |
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==Survivors== |
==Survivors== |
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The only known survivor is RNZAF Gordon Mark I NZ629, which is under restoration in [[New Zealand]]. On 12 April 1940 two trainee pilots Walter Raphael (pilot) and Wilfred Everist (passenger) of 1 Service Flying Training School were flying NZ629 from [[Wigram]] on a flight over the Southern Alps on a "war-load climb to 15,000 feet" training mission. The aircraft entered a spin above the Southern Alps and the crew prepared to bail out, but the aircraft recovered. Moments later it hit trees on top of a ridge on Mount White and flipped backwards down the side of the steep slope, leaving the aircraft hanging in the trees and both Raphael and Everist unconscious. When Raphael regained consciousness he feared the plane would soon catch fire, so he pulled Everist, who was still unconscious, out of the wreckage. Raphael walked to a shearers' hut, carrying Everist who was badly injured. |
The only known survivor is RNZAF Gordon Mark I NZ629, which is under restoration in [[New Zealand]]. On 12 April 1940 two trainee pilots Walter Raphael (pilot) and Wilfred Everist (passenger) of 1 Service Flying Training School were flying NZ629 from [[Wigram]] on a flight over the Southern Alps on a "war-load climb to 15,000 feet" training mission. The aircraft entered a spin above the Southern Alps and the crew prepared to bail out, but the aircraft recovered. Moments later it hit trees on top of a ridge on Mount White and flipped backwards down the side of the steep slope, leaving the aircraft hanging in the trees and both Raphael and Everist unconscious. When Raphael regained consciousness he feared the plane would soon catch fire, so he pulled Everist, who was still unconscious, out of the wreckage. Raphael walked to a shearers' hut, carrying Everist who was badly injured. |
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The airframe, minus instruments, guns and engine, was left suspended in trees at the crash site, which is part of a large sheep station. In 1976 it was relocated |
The airframe, minus instruments, guns and engine, was left suspended in trees at the crash site, which is part of a large sheep station. In 1976 it was relocated – still largely suspended from trees – by Charles Darby, with assistance from Walter Raphael. (Everist had been killed in action over France.) NZ629 was recovered by [[Aerospatiale Lama]]. It was stored for more than 20 years before restoration began. In February 1988 the civil registration ZK-TLA was reserved and as of 2005 the restorers were looking for an engine. In 2014 they were struggling to raise the funds to get the plane restored.<ref> |
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{{cite web |
{{cite web |
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|url=http://newsletter.adf-serials.com/news0404.pdf |
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|url= http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:B1bk9HQ15BMJ:newsletter.adf-serials.com/news0404.pdf+Fairey+Gordon+NZ629&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1 |title=Fairey Gordon Mk I NZ629 |website=ADF Serials Newsletter |date=April 2004 |format=pdf |page=9 |archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20061104211428/http://newsletter.adf-serials.com/news0404.pdf#page=8 |archivedate=2006-11-04}}</ref> |
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|title=Fairey Gordon Mk I NZ629 |
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|website=ADF Serials Newsletter |
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|date=April 2004 |
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|page=9 |
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061104211428/http://newsletter.adf-serials.com/news0404.pdf |
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|archive-date=4 November 2006 |
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|url-status=bot: unknown |
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}}</ref> |
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==Variants== |
==Variants== |
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==Specifications (Mark I)== |
==Specifications (Mark I)== |
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{{aircraft specifications |
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{{Aircraft specs |
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|plane or copter?=plane |
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|ref=Fairey Aircraft since 1915<ref name="Taylor p221">{{harvnb|Taylor|1988|p=221}}</ref> |
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|jet or prop?=prop |
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|prime units?=imp |
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|ref=''Fairey Aircraft since 1915.''<ref name="Taylor p221">{{harvnb|Taylor|1988|p=221}}</ref> |
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<!-- |
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General characteristics |
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--> |
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|crew=2 |
|crew=2 |
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|length ft=36 |
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|capacity= |
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|length in=9 |
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|payload main= |
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|length note= |
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|span ft=45 |
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|length main= 36 ft 9 in |
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|span in=9 |
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|length alt= 11.20 m |
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|span |
|span note= |
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|height ft=14 |
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|span alt= 13.95 m |
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|height |
|height in=2 |
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|height |
|height note= |
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|area |
|wing area sqft=438 |
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|area |
|wing area note= |
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|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes --> |
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|airfoil= |
|airfoil= |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight lb=3500 |
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|empty weight |
|empty weight note= |
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|gross weight lb=5906 |
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|gross weight note= |
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|max takeoff weight lb= |
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|useful load main= |
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|max takeoff weight note= |
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|useful load alt= |
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|fuel capacity= |
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|max takeoff weight main= |
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|max takeoff weight alt= |
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|more general= |
|more general= |
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<!-- |
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|engine (prop)= [[Armstrong Siddeley Panther]] IIa |
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Powerplant |
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|type of prop=radial engine |
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--> |
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|number of props=1 |
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|eng1 number=1 |
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|power main= 525 hp |
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|eng1 name=[[Armstrong Siddeley Panther IIa]] |
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|power alt= 391 kW |
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|eng1 type=14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine |
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|power original= |
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|eng1 hp=525 |
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|max speed main= 145 mph |
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|eng1 note= |
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|max speed alt= 240 km/h, 126 kn |
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|cruise speed main= 110 mph |
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|prop blade number=2 |
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|cruise speed alt= 177 km/h, 96 kn |
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|prop name=fixed-pitch propeller |
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|stall speed main= |
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|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|stall speed alt= |
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|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> |
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|never exceed speed main= |
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|prop dia note= |
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|never exceed speed alt= |
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<!-- |
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|range main= 600 mi |
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Performance |
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|range alt= 966 km, 521 [[nautical mile|nmi]] |
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--> |
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|ceiling main= 22,000 ft |
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|max speed mph=145 |
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|ceiling alt= 6,700 m |
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|max speed note= |
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|climb rate main=1,000 ft/min |
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|cruise speed mph=110 |
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|climb rate alt=5.1 m/s |
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|cruise speed note= |
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|loading main=13.5 lb/ft² |
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|stall speed mph= |
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|loading alt=65.8 kg/m² |
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|stall speed note= |
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|thrust/weight= |
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|never exceed speed mph= |
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|power/mass main=0.089 hp/lb |
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|never exceed speed note= |
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|power/mass alt=0.15 kW/kg |
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|range miles=600 |
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|more performance= |
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|range note= |
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|combat range miles= |
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|combat range note= |
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|ferry range miles= |
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|ferry range note= |
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|endurance=<!-- if range unknown --> |
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|ceiling ft=22000 |
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|ceiling note= |
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|climb rate ftmin=1000 |
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|climb rate note= |
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|time to altitude= |
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|lift to drag= |
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|wing loading lb/sqft=13.5 |
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|wing loading note= |
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|fuel consumption lb/mi= |
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|power/mass={{cvt|0.089|hp/lb}} |
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|more performance=<!--</br> |
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*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}} |
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*'''Take-off distance to {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}} |
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*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||ft|0}} |
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*'''Landing distance from {{cvt|50|ft|0}}:''' {{cvt||ft|0}}--> |
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<!-- |
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Armament |
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--> |
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|guns=1 × fixed, forward-firing [[.303 British|.303 in]] (7.7 mm) [[Vickers machine gun]] and 1 × flexible .303 in (7.7 mm) [[Lewis Gun]] in the rear cockpit |
|guns=1 × fixed, forward-firing [[.303 British|.303 in]] (7.7 mm) [[Vickers machine gun]] and 1 × flexible .303 in (7.7 mm) [[Lewis Gun]] in the rear cockpit |
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|bombs=500 lb (227 kg) of bombs carried under wings |
|bombs=500 lb (227 kg) of bombs carried under wings |
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|avionics= |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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* {{Cite book |
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*{{Cite book |
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|last=Mason |
|last=Mason |
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|first=Francis K. |
|first=Francis K. |
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| Line 158: | Line 191: | ||
|year=1994 |
|year=1994 |
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|isbn=0-85177-861-5 |
|isbn=0-85177-861-5 |
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|ref=harv |
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}} |
}} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book |
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|last=Taylor |
|last=Taylor |
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|first=H.A. |
|first=H.A. |
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| Line 168: | Line 200: | ||
|year=1988 |
|year=1988 |
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|isbn=0-370-00065-X |
|isbn=0-370-00065-X |
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|ref=harv |
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}} |
}} |
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*{{Cite book |
* {{Cite book |
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|last=Thetford |
|last=Thetford |
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|first=Owen |
|first=Owen |
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|title=British Naval Aircraft Since 1912 |
|title=British Naval Aircraft Since 1912 |
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|place=London |
|place=London |
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|publisher=Putnam |
|publisher=Putnam |
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|year=1978 |
|year=1978 |
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|isbn=0-370-30021-1 |
|isbn=0-370-30021-1 |
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|ref=harv |
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}} |
}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Fairey Gordon}} |
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{{commonscat}} |
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* [http://members.tripod.com/ahsa_q/articles/faireygordon.htm Fairey Gordon] |
* [http://members.tripod.com/ahsa_q/articles/faireygordon.htm Fairey Gordon] |
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* [http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=319 Fairey Gordon |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930184039/http://www.britishaircraft.co.uk/aircraftpage.php?ID=319 Fairey Gordon] – British Aircraft Directory |
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* [http://www.jaapteeuwen.com/ww2aircraft/html%20pages/FAIREY%20GORDON.htm British Aircraft of |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080703165222/http://www.jaapteeuwen.com/ww2aircraft/html%20pages/FAIREY%20GORDON.htm Fairey Gordon] – British Aircraft of World War II |
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{{Fairey aircraft}} |
{{Fairey aircraft}} |
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{{AvN aircraft designations}} |
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[[Category:Biplanes]] |
[[Category:Biplanes]] |
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[[Category:British bomber aircraft |
[[Category:1930s British bomber aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Fairey aircraft|Gordon]] |
[[Category:Fairey aircraft|Gordon]] |
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[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
[[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1931]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:10, 10 September 2024
| Gordon | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Light bomber and general aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Fairey Aviation |
| Primary users | Royal Air Force |
| Number built | 186 |
| History | |
| First flight | 3 March 1931 |
| Developed from | Fairey III |
The Fairey Gordon was a British light bomber (2-seat day bomber) and utility aircraft of the 1930s.
The Gordon was a conventional two-bay fabric-covered metal biplane. It was powered by 525–605 horsepower (391–451 kW) variants of the Armstrong Siddeley Panther IIa engine. Armament was one fixed, forward-firing .303-inch (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun and a .303-inch (7.7 mm) Lewis Gun in the rear cockpit, plus 500 pounds (230 kg) of bombs. The aircraft was somewhat basic; instruments were airspeed indicator, altimeter, oil pressure gauge, tachometer, turn and bank indicator and compass.
Development
[edit]The Gordon was developed from the IIIF, primarily by use of the new Armstrong Siddeley Panther engine. The prototype was first flown on 3 March 1931, and around 80 earlier IIIFs were converted to a similar standard, 178 new-built aircraft were made for the RAF, a handful of IIIFs being converted on the production line. 154 Mark Is were produced, before production switched to the Mark II with larger fin and rudder; only 24 of these were completed before production switched to the Swordfish. The naval version of the Gordon, used by the Royal Navy, was known as the Seal.
Service
[edit]
The type had mostly been retired from Royal Air Force and Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm service prior to the Second World War, although No. 6 Squadron RAF, No. 45 Squadron RAF, and No. 47 Squadron RAF, still operated the type in Egypt. Six of these aircraft were transferred to the Egyptian Air Force.
49 Gordons were dispatched to the Royal New Zealand Air Force in April 1939, 41 entering brief service as pilot trainers. The RNZAF found the aircraft worn out and showing signs of their service in the Middle East – including at least one scorpion. The last of these – and the last intact Gordon anywhere – was struck from RNZAF service in 1943.
Seven Gordons were adapted to target towing and stationed at No 4 Flying Training School at RAF Habbaniya in Iraq.[1] At the end of April 1941 these aircraft were hastily converted back into bombers, and in early May they took part in the defence of Habbaniya against Iraqi forces threatening and then attacking the School.[2]
Survivors
[edit]The only known survivor is RNZAF Gordon Mark I NZ629, which is under restoration in New Zealand. On 12 April 1940 two trainee pilots Walter Raphael (pilot) and Wilfred Everist (passenger) of 1 Service Flying Training School were flying NZ629 from Wigram on a flight over the Southern Alps on a "war-load climb to 15,000 feet" training mission. The aircraft entered a spin above the Southern Alps and the crew prepared to bail out, but the aircraft recovered. Moments later it hit trees on top of a ridge on Mount White and flipped backwards down the side of the steep slope, leaving the aircraft hanging in the trees and both Raphael and Everist unconscious. When Raphael regained consciousness he feared the plane would soon catch fire, so he pulled Everist, who was still unconscious, out of the wreckage. Raphael walked to a shearers' hut, carrying Everist who was badly injured.
The airframe, minus instruments, guns and engine, was left suspended in trees at the crash site, which is part of a large sheep station. In 1976 it was relocated – still largely suspended from trees – by Charles Darby, with assistance from Walter Raphael. (Everist had been killed in action over France.) NZ629 was recovered by Aerospatiale Lama. It was stored for more than 20 years before restoration began. In February 1988 the civil registration ZK-TLA was reserved and as of 2005 the restorers were looking for an engine. In 2014 they were struggling to raise the funds to get the plane restored.[3]
Variants
[edit]- Fairey IIIF Mk V : Prototype.
- Fairey Gordon Mk I : Two-seat day bomber and general purpose aircraft.
- Fairey Gordon Mk II : Two-seat training version.
Operators
[edit]
Specifications (Mark I)
[edit]Data from Fairey Aircraft since 1915[6]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 36 ft 9 in (11.20 m)
- Wingspan: 45 ft 9 in (13.94 m)
- Height: 14 ft 2 in (4.32 m)
- Wing area: 438 sq ft (40.7 m2)
- Empty weight: 3,500 lb (1,588 kg)
- Gross weight: 5,906 lb (2,679 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Armstrong Siddeley Panther IIa 14-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 525 hp (391 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 145 mph (233 km/h, 126 kn)
- Cruise speed: 110 mph (180 km/h, 96 kn)
- Range: 600 mi (970 km, 520 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 22,000 ft (6,700 m)
- Rate of climb: 1,000 ft/min (5.1 m/s)
- Wing loading: 13.5 lb/sq ft (66 kg/m2)
- Power/mass: 0.089 hp/lb (0.146 kW/kg)
Armament
- Guns: 1 × fixed, forward-firing .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers machine gun and 1 × flexible .303 in (7.7 mm) Lewis Gun in the rear cockpit
- Bombs: 500 lb (227 kg) of bombs carried under wings
See also
[edit]Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
[edit]- ^ Dudgeon, Anthony (1991). The War That Never Was. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-256-3.
- ^ Dudgeon, Anthony (2000). Hidden Victory: The Battle of Habbaniya, May 1941. Stroud and Charleston: Tempus Publishing. pp. 36, 90. ISBN 0-7524-2001-1.
- ^
"Fairey Gordon Mk I NZ629" (PDF). ADF Serials Newsletter. April 2004. p. 9. Archived from the original on 4 November 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Taylor 1988, p. 220
- ^ Mason 1994, p. 224
- ^ Taylor 1988, p. 221
- Mason, Francis K. (1994). The British Bomber since 1914. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-85177-861-5.
- Taylor, H.A. (1988). Fairey Aircraft since 1915. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-00065-X.
- Thetford, Owen (1978). British Naval Aircraft Since 1912. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-370-30021-1.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fairey Gordon.
- Fairey Gordon
- Fairey Gordon – British Aircraft Directory
- Fairey Gordon – British Aircraft of World War II