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{{Short description|Bodily joint at the base of each finger}}
{{Infobox anatomy
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name = Metacarpophalangeal joint
| Name = Metacarpophalangeal joint
| Latin = articulationes metacarpophalangeae
| Latin = articulationes metacarpophalangeae
| Image = Grant 1962 104 MCP.png
| Image = Grant 1962 104 MCP.png
| Caption = The palmar aspect of the hand showing the epiphyses of the hand exploded. MCP joints in red.
| Caption = The palmar aspect of the hand showing the [[epiphyses]] of the hand exploded. '''MCP joints in red'''.
| Width = 350
| Width = 250
| Image2 = Gray337.png
| Image2 = DIP, PIP and MCP joints of hand.jpg
| Caption2 = The DIP, PIP and MCP joints of the hand: '''M'''eta'''C'''arpo'''P'''halangeal joints, and the [[interphalangeal joints of the hand]]:
⚫
| Caption2 = Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Palmar aspect.
*'''D'''istal '''I'''nter'''P'''halangeal
⚫
| Width = 120
*'''P'''roximal '''I'''nter'''P'''halangeal
⚫
| Width2 = 120
| System =099
| System =099
| MeshName = Metacarpophalangeal+Joint
| MeshNumber = A02.835.583.345.512
| DorlandsPre = a_64
| DorlandsSuf = 12161410
}}
}}

The '''metacarpophalangeal joints ''' (MCP) refer to the joints between the [[metacarpal]] bones and the [[phalanges]] of the fingers. That means the MCP joint is the [[knuckle]] between the hand and the finger. These are of the [[condyloid]] kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the [[metacarpal]] bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first [[phalanges]], with the exception of that of the [[thumb]], which is a [[ginglymus]].
The '''metacarpophalangeal joints''' ('''MCP''') are situated between the [[metacarpal]] bones and the proximal [[phalanges]] of the fingers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Grey's Anatomy for Students, 3rd Edition|last=Drake, Vogl and Mitchell|publisher=Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier|year=2015|isbn=9780702051319|pages=796}}</ref> These [[joint]]s are of the [[condyloid]] kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal [[phalanges]].<ref name=":0" /> Being condyloid, they allow the movements of [[Anatomical terms of motion|flexion]], [[Anatomical terms of motion|extension]], [[Anatomical terms of motion|abduction]], [[Anatomical terms of motion|adduction]] and circumduction (see [[anatomical terms of motion]]) at the joint.<ref name=":0" />


==Structure==
==Structure==
===Ligaments===
===Ligaments===
{{multiple image
⚫
[[Image:Gray338.png|thumb|150px|Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect.]]
| width = 200
| footer =
| image1 = Gray337.png
| alt1 =
⚫
| caption1 = Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Palmar aspect.
| image2 = Gray338.png
| alt2 =
⚫
| caption2 = Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect.
}}

{{See also|Palmar plate}}
{{See also|Palmar plate}}
Each joint has:
Each joint has:
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===Dorsal surfaces===
===Dorsal surfaces===
The dorsal surfaces of these joints are covered by the expansions of the Extensor tendons, together with some loose [[areolar]] tissue which connects the deep surfaces of the tendons to the bones.
The dorsal surfaces of these joints are covered by the expansions of the Extensor tendons, together with some loose [[areolar]] tissue which connects the deep surfaces of the [[Tendon|tendons]] to the bones.


==Function==
==Function==
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| '''Location''' || '''Flexion''' || '''Extension'''
! Location !! Flexion !! Extension
|-
|-
| fingers || [[Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle|Flexor digitorum superficialis]] and [[flexor digitorum profundus|profundus]], [[Lumbricals of the hand|lumbricales]], and [[interossei]], assisted in the case of the [[little finger]] by the [[flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)|flexor digiti minimi brevis]] || [[extensor digitorum communis]], [[extensor indicis proprius]], and [[extensor digiti minimi muscle]]
| fingers || [[Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle|Flexor digitorum superficialis]] and [[flexor digitorum profundus|profundus]], [[Lumbricals of the hand|lumbricals]], and [[interossei]], assisted in the case of the [[little finger]] by the [[flexor digiti minimi brevis (hand)|flexor digiti minimi brevis]] || [[extensor digitorum communis]], [[extensor indicis proprius]], and [[extensor digiti minimi muscle]]
|-
|-
| thumb || [[Flexor pollicis longus muscle|flexor pollicis longus]] and [[Flexor pollicis brevis muscle|brevis]] || [[Extensor pollicis longus muscle|extensor pollicis longus]] and [[Extensor pollicis brevis muscle|brevis]]
| thumb || [[Flexor pollicis longus muscle|flexor pollicis longus]] and [[Flexor pollicis brevis muscle|brevis]] || [[Extensor pollicis longus muscle|extensor pollicis longus]] and [[Extensor pollicis brevis muscle|brevis]]
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==Clinical significance==
==Clinical significance==
Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], as opposed to the [[Interphalangeal articulations of hand|distal interphalangeal joint]] in [[osteoarthritis]].
Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of [[rheumatoid arthritis]], as opposed to the [[Interphalangeal articulations of hand|distal interphalangeal joint]] in [[osteoarthritis]].


===Other animals===
===Other animals===
In many quadrupeds, particularly horses and other larger animals, the metacarpophalangeal joint is referred to as the "[[fetlock]]." This term is translated literally as "foot-lock." In fact, although the term fetlock does not specifically apply to other species' metacarpophalangeal joints (for instance, humans), the "second" or "mid-finger" knuckle of the human hand does anatomically correspond to the fetlock on larger quadrupeds. For lack of a better term, the shortened name may seem more practical.
In many [[Quadrupedalism|quadrupeds]], particularly horses and other larger animals, the metacarpophalangeal joint is referred to as the "[[fetlock]]". This term is translated literally as "foot-lock". In fact, although the term fetlock does not specifically apply to other species' metacarpophalangeal joints (for instance, humans), the "second" or "mid-finger" knuckle of the human hand does anatomically correspond to the fetlock on larger quadrupeds. For lack of a better term, the shortened name may seem more practical.

==See also==
* [[Knuckle]]


==References==
==References==
{{Gray's}}
{{Gray's}}
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Joints of upper limbs}}
{{Joints of upper limbs}}
{{Portal bar|Anatomy}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Metacarpophalangeal Joint}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Metacarpophalangeal Joint}}

Latest revision as of 01:49, 10 September 2024

Metacarpophalangeal joint
The palmar aspect of the hand showing the epiphyses of the hand exploded. MCP joints in red.
The DIP, PIP and MCP joints of the hand: MetaCarpoPhalangeal joints, and the interphalangeal joints of the hand:
  • Distal InterPhalangeal
  • Proximal InterPhalangeal
Details
System099
Identifiers
Latinarticulationes metacarpophalangeae
MeSHD008662
TA98A03.5.11.501
TA21835
FMA35246
Anatomical terminology

The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers.[1] These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges.[1] Being condyloid, they allow the movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction (see anatomical terms of motion) at the joint.[1]

Structure

[edit]

Ligaments

[edit]
Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Palmar aspect.
Metacarpophalangeal articulation and articulations of digit. Ulnar aspect.
See also: Palmar plate

Each joint has:

Dorsal surfaces

[edit]

The dorsal surfaces of these joints are covered by the expansions of the Extensor tendons, together with some loose areolar tissue which connects the deep surfaces of the tendons to the bones.

Function

[edit]

The movements which occur in these joints are flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction; the movements of abduction and adduction are very limited, and cannot be performed while the fingers form a fist.[2]

The muscles of flexion and extension are as follows:

Location Flexion Extension
fingers Flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, lumbricals, and interossei, assisted in the case of the little finger by the flexor digiti minimi brevis extensor digitorum communis, extensor indicis proprius, and extensor digiti minimi muscle
thumb flexor pollicis longus and brevis extensor pollicis longus and brevis

Clinical significance

[edit]

Arthritis of the MCP is a distinguishing feature of rheumatoid arthritis, as opposed to the distal interphalangeal joint in osteoarthritis.

Other animals

[edit]

In many quadrupeds, particularly horses and other larger animals, the metacarpophalangeal joint is referred to as the "fetlock". This term is translated literally as "foot-lock". In fact, although the term fetlock does not specifically apply to other species' metacarpophalangeal joints (for instance, humans), the "second" or "mid-finger" knuckle of the human hand does anatomically correspond to the fetlock on larger quadrupeds. For lack of a better term, the shortened name may seem more practical.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 332 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

  1. ^ a b c Drake, Vogl and Mitchell (2015). Grey's Anatomy for Students, 3rd Edition. Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier. p. 796. ISBN 9780702051319.
  2. ^ Gray's Anatomy (1918), see infobox
[edit]
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