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Coordinates: 45°4′0″N 18°28′1″E / 45.06667°N 18.46694°E / 45.06667; 18.46694
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{{short description|River in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Infobox river
{{Infobox river
| name = Bosna
| name = Bosna
| name_native = Bosna
| other_name =
| name_native_lang = bos-lat
| native_name =
| name_other =
| name_etymology =
| name_etymology =
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| image = ZENICA (Bosnie Herzégovine).jpg
| image = ZENICA (Bosnie Herzégovine).jpg
| image_size =
| image_size = 280px
| image_caption = The Bosna River flowing through [[Zenica]].
| image_caption = The Bosna River flowing through [[Zenica]].
| map = Bosna.png
| map = Bosna River.jpg
| map_size = 280px
| map_size = 280px
| map_caption = Course of the Bosna ([http://u.osmfr.org/m/392822/ interactive map])
| map_caption = Bosna River watershed ([https://mghydro.com/watersheds/shared/5EBC9F.html Interactive map])
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_map_size =
| pushpin_map_size =
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| source1_location = [[Igman]], [[Ilidža]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| source1_location = [[Igman]], [[Ilidža]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|43|49|6.6|N|18|16|11.9|E|display=inline}}
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|43|49|6.6|N|18|16|11.9|E|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation = {{Convert|520|m|abbr=on}};<ref name="PLAN-p.25"/> ({{Convert|494.5|m|abbr=on}} a.s.l. according to an earlier source<ref name="Aganović-Godišnjak-p.5"/>)
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = [[Sava]]
| mouth = [[Sava]]
| mouth_location = [[Bosanski Šamac]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| mouth_location = [[Bosanski Šamac]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|45|4|0|N|18|28|1|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|45|4|0|N|18|28|1|E|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| mouth_elevation = {{Convert|78|m|abbr=on}}
| progression = {{RSava}}
| progression = {{RSava}}
| river_system =
| river_system =
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| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_left =
| tributaries_right =
| tributaries_right =
| extra = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=7 |height=250 | stroke-width=1.5 | stroke-color = #0000ff |coord {{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}
| extra =
}}
}}
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[[File:Vrelo Bosne, Sarajevo.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The main spring on the source of the Bosna river, on the outskirts of Sarajevo.]]


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The '''Bosna''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Босна}}, {{IPA|sh|bɔ̂sna|pron}}) is the third longest [[river]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and is considered one of the country's three major internal rivers, along with the [[Neretva]] and the [[Vrbas (river)|Vrbas]]. The other three major rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the [[Una (Sava)|Una]], to the northwest; the [[Sava]], to the north, and the [[Drina]], to the east. This river is the namesake of [[Bosnia]]. The river Bosna flows for {{convert|282|km|mi|sp=us}}.{{GeoQuelle|Sava||13}}
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[[File:Vrelo Bosne, Sarajevo.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The source of the Bosna river on the outskirts of Sarajevo.]]
⚫
The '''Bosna''' ({{lang-sr-cyr|Босна}}, {{IPA-sh|bɔ̂sna|pron}}) is the third longest [[river]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and is considered one of the country's three major internal rivers, along with the [[Neretva]] and the [[Vrbas (river)|Vrbas]]; the other three major rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the [[Una (Sava)|Una]], to the northwest, the [[Sava]], to the north, and the [[Drina]], to the east. It is the namesake of [[Bosnia]]. The river Bosna flows for {{convert|282|km|mi|sp=us}}.{{GeoQuelle|Sava||13}}


The river is possibly mentioned for the first time during the 1st century AD by Roman historian [[Marcus Velleius Paterculus]] under the name ''Bathinus flumen''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197162 |title=Places: 197162 (Bathinus (river)) |author=Šašel Kos, M. |author2=P. Kos |accessdate=January 22, 2017 |publisher=Pleiades}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= Salmedin Mesihović|title=Ilirike|publisher=Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu|page=80|location=[[Sarajevo]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cK83AwAAQBAJ|year=2014|isbn=9789958031106}}</ref><ref>Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2.114.4.6 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/1044/1/131/1509-1516</ref> Another basic source that are associated with the hydronym ''Bathinus'' is the [[Salona|Salonitan]] inscription of the governor of Dalmatia, [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 10)|Publius Cornelius Dolabella]], where it is said that the ''Bathinum'' river divides the [[Breuci]] from the [[Osseriates]].<ref>{{cite book|author= Salmedin Mesihović|title=Aevvm Dolabellae – Dolabelino Doba|publisher=Centar za balkanološka ispitivanja, Akademija nauka i umjetnosti|volume=XXXIX|page=10|location=[[Sarajevo]]|url=https://www.academia.edu/3613510|year=2010}}</ref>
The river is possibly mentioned for the first time during the 1st century AD by Roman historian [[Marcus Velleius Paterculus]] under the name ''Bathinus flumen''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/197162 |title=Places: 197162 (Bathinus (river)) |author=Šašel Kos, M. |author2=P. Kos |access-date=January 22, 2017 |publisher=Pleiades}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= Salmedin Mesihović|title=Ilirike|publisher=Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu|page=80|location=[[Sarajevo]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cK83AwAAQBAJ|year=2014|isbn=9789958031106}}</ref><ref>Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2.114.4.6 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/1044/1/131/1509-1516</ref> Another basic source that is associated with the hydronym ''Bathinus'' is the [[Salona|Salonitan]] inscription of the governor of Dalmatia, [[Publius Cornelius Dolabella (consul 10)|Publius Cornelius Dolabella]], where it is said that the ''Bathinum'' river divides the [[Breuci]] from the [[Osseriates]].<ref>{{cite book|author= Salmedin Mesihović|title=Aevvm Dolabellae – Dolabelino Doba|publisher=Centar za balkanološka ispitivanja, Akademija nauka i umjetnosti|volume=XXXIX|page=10|location=[[Sarajevo]]|url=https://www.academia.edu/3613510|year=2010}}</ref>
And also by the name of [https:/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum%2C_Macedonia%2C_Dacia%2C_Moesia%2C_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg Basante]. According to philologist Anton Mayer the name ''Bosna'' could be derived from [[Illyrian language|Illyrian]] ''Bass-an-as(-ā)'' which would be a diversion of the Proto-Indo-European root *''bhoĝ''-, meaning "the running water".<ref>{{cite book|author=Indira Šabić|title=Onomastička analiza bosanskohercegovačkih srednjovjekovnih administrativnih tekstova i stećaka|publisher=Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera
Another name could also have been [https:/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Roman_provinces_of_Illyricum%2C_Macedonia%2C_Dacia%2C_Moesia%2C_Pannonia_and_Thracia.jpg Basante].
|page=165|location=[[Osijek]]|url=http://web.ffos.hr/poslijediplomski/dat/s_128/File/Doktorska_teza_-_Indira_Sabic_-_finalna_verzija.pdf|year=2014}}</ref>


According to philologist Anton Mayer, the name ''Bosna'' could be derived from [[Illyrian language|Illyrian]] ''Bass-an-as(-ā)'', which would be a diversion of the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰegʷ- |bʰegʷ]]'', meaning 'the running water'.<ref>{{cite book|author=Indira Šabić|title=Onomastička analiza bosanskohercegovačkih srednjovjekovnih administrativnih tekstova i stećaka|publisher=Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera|page=165|location=[[Osijek]]|url=http://web.ffos.hr/poslijediplomski/dat/s_128/File/Doktorska_teza_-_Indira_Sabic_-_finalna_verzija.pdf|year=2014|access-date=2015-03-30|archive-date=2017-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114084107/http://web.ffos.hr/poslijediplomski/dat/s_128/File/Doktorska_teza_-_Indira_Sabic_-_finalna_verzija.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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==Course and tributaries==
The Bosna River also makes up the Bosna River Valley, the country's industrial center and home to close to a million people, as well as the location of several major cities. The river's biggest [[tributaries]] are the [[Željeznica (Bosna)|Željeznica]], [[Miljacka]], [[Fojnička River|Fojnička]], [[Lašva]], Gostović, [[Krivaja (Bosna)|Krivaja]], [[Usora River|Usora]], and [[Spreča]] rivers.


==Geography and sectioning==
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Its source is at the spring [[Vrelo Bosne]], at the [[foothills]] of the Mount [[Igman]], on the outskirts of [[Sarajevo]], capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The spring is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's chief natural landmarks and [[tourist attraction]]s. From there, the Bosna flows northwards, through the heart of [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]], eventually becoming a right [[tributary]] of the [[Sava (river)|Sava River]] in [[Bosanski Šamac]]. The Bosna flows through a number of cantons. From its starting point in the [[Sarajevo Canton]], it flows through [[Zenica-Doboj Canton]], Doboj Region, and [[Posavina Canton]], in that order. On its way north the River Bosna also passes through the cities of [[Visoko]], [[Zenica]], [[Maglaj]], [[Doboj]], [[Modriča]] and [[Bosanski Šamac]].


The Bosna River has created the Bosna River Valley. The valley has been developed as the country's industrial hub and is home to nearly a million people, who live primarily in several major cities.
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<gallery mode=packed heights=105px>

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File:River Bosna, Sarajevo (4).JPG|Bosna river flow outside [[Sarajevo]]
File:Vrelo Bosne, Sarajevo park.JPG|Bosna river pond in [[Ilidža]]
=== Vrelo Bosne and Mala Bosna ===
{{Main|Vrelo Bosne|Mala Bosna (river)}}
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File:River Bosna, Sarajevo (1).JPG|Bosna river in [[Ilidža]]

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File:Ilidža Rimski most 3.jpg|[[Roman bridge on Ilidža|Roman bridge]] over Bosna river in [[Ilidža]]
The Bosna source is the Vrelo Bosne spring, located at {{Convert|520|m|abbr=on}} a.s.l.<ref name="PLAN-p.25">{{cite book |title=PLAN UPRAVLJANJA SPOMENIKOM PRIRODE VRELO BOSNE 2020-2030 |page=25|url=http://mpz.ks.gov.ba/sites/mpz.ks.gov.ba/files/nacrt_plana_upravljanja_spomenikom_prirode_vrelo_bosne.pdf |access-date=14 November 2023}}</ref> (according to an earlier source, {{Convert|494.5|m|abbr=on}} a.s.l.<ref name="Aganović-Godišnjak-p.5">{{cite journal |author1=Aganović M. |date=1965 |title=Komparativna istraživanja režima ishrane, rasta, plodnosti i strukture populacija lipljena u rijekama Bosni i Plivi |url=http://aibus.pmf.unsa.ba/index.php/journal-database1 |journal=Godišnjak - The Annual of the Institute of Biology |publisher=Institute of Biology - PMF University of Sarajevo |volume=18 |page=5 |access-date=14 November 2023}}</ref>) at the [[foothills]] of mount [[Igman]], on the outskirts of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina.<ref name="PLAN-p.25" /> The spring is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's chief natural landmarks and [[Tourist attraction|tourist attractions]].<ref name="PLAN-pp.9-53">{{cite book |url=http://mpz.ks.gov.ba/sites/mpz.ks.gov.ba/files/nacrt_plana_upravljanja_spomenikom_prirode_vrelo_bosne.pdf |title=PLAN UPRAVLJANJA SPOMENIKOM PRIRODE VRELO BOSNE 2020-2030 |pages=9-53 |access-date=14 November 2023}}</ref>

The course between the source and its largest tributary in this section, the [[Željeznica (Bosna)|Željeznica]], which runs in from the right, is referred as the Mala Bosna ({{Trans|Little Bosna|literal=Little Bosna|i=y}}), but the section is often extended all the way to its confluence with Miljacka, four kilometers downstream.<ref name="Aganović-Godišnjak-pp.5,6">{{cite journal |author1=Aganović M. |title=Komparativna istraživanja režima ishrane, rasta, plod nosti i strukture populacija lipljena u rijekama Bosni i Plivi |journal=Godišnjak - The Annual of the Institute of Biology |date=1965 |volume=18 |pages=5,6 |url=http://aibus.pmf.unsa.ba/index.php/journal-database1 |access-date=14 November 2023 |publisher=Institute of Biology - PMF University of Sarajevo}}</ref> Its tributaries between the source and the Željeznica are first the [[Večerica (river)|Večerica]] and then Bukulaš, while in the region of extended Mala Bosna course it further receives, first the Željeznica from the right, then approx. 600 meters downstream the [[Zujevina]], the only tributary from the left in this region, followed by the [[Dobrinja (Bosna)|Dobrinja]] (a.k.a. [[Tilava (Dobrinja)|Tilava]]) 1.5 km, and then 2 km further the [[Miljacka]], both from the right.<ref name="Aganović-Godišnjak-pp.5,6" /><ref name="Geography-Springer-p.373" >{{Cite book |title=The Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina Between East and West |publisher=[[Springer Nature|Springer]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-3-030-98522-6 |pages=373 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Upper Bosna ===
The Upper Bosna is a section between its source and the mouth of the [[Lašva]], a left tributary, just upstream from [[Zenica]]. The section encompasses the entire region between [[Ilidža]], near [[Sarajevo]], and the Lašva, including the spacious valley between [[Ilijaš]] and [[Kakanj]]. The [[Visoko]] region, with its medieval heritage, is at the center of this area.

=== Middle Bosna ===
The Middle Bosna is mostly composed of [[Canyon|gorges]], with steep slopes and narrow passages, between Zenica and [[Doboj]]. In this section, there are several medieval sites, such as [[Vranduk (Zenica)|Vranduk]], [[Maglaj Fortress|Maglaj]] and [[Fortress of Doboj|Doboj]].

=== Lower Bosna ===
The Lower Bosna is the last section of the Bosna. From Doboj, the river continues northwards, approaching the [[Sava]] through the heart of [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]], passing through the lowlands of [[Posavina]], and eventually becomes a right [[tributary]] of the Sava in [[Bosanski Šamac]]. There, it empties at around {{convert|80|m|ft}} above the sea level.

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== Course and tributaries==
⚫
The Bosna flows through a number of cantons. From its starting point in the [[Sarajevo Canton]], it flows through the [[Zenica-Doboj Canton]], and the [[Posavina Canton]], in that order. On its way north, the Bosna also passes through the cities of [[Visoko]], [[Zenica]], [[Maglaj]], [[Doboj]], [[Modriča]] and [[Bosanski Šamac]].

[[File:Bosna.jpg|thumb|Course of the Bosna River from its source to its confluence with Sava River ([http://u.osmfr.org/m/392822/ interactive map])]]

The main right tributaries are: [[Željeznica (Bosna)|Željeznica]], [[Miljacka]], Ljubina, Misoča, Stavnja, [[Trstionica (river)|Trstionica]], [[Zgošća (river)|Zgošća]], {{ill|Gostović (river)|lt=Gostović|bs|Gostović (river)}}, [[Krivaja (Bosna)|Krivaja]] and [[Spreča]]. On the left, the main tributaries are: [[Zujevina]], [[Fojnička River|Fojnica]], [[Lašva]] and [[Usora (river)|Usora]].

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<gallery mode="packed" heights="105">
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File:River Bosna, Sarajevo (4).JPG|Vrelo Bosne, source of the river just outside [[Sarajevo]]
File:Vrelo Bosne, Sarajevo park.JPG|One of the ponds on Vrelo Bosne in [[Ilidža]]
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File:River Bosna, Sarajevo (1).JPG|Mala Bosna river in [[Ilidža]]
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File:Ilidža Rimski most 3.jpg|[[Roman bridge on Ilidža|Roman bridge]] over Mala Bosna river in [[Ilidža]]
File:Bosna by Samac upstream.JPG|The Lower Bosna near [[Bosanski Šamac]]
</gallery>
</gallery>


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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


== External links ==
⚫
{{Hydrography of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
* [http://www.bistrobih.ba/nova/rijeka-bosna/ Rijeka Bosna / River Bosna] - UG Bistro


{{Hydrography of Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bosna (River)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bosna (River)}}

[[Category:Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Bosna basin| ]]
[[Category:Bosna basin| ]]

Latest revision as of 04:24, 10 September 2024

Bosna
The Bosna River flowing through Zenica.
Bosna River watershed (Interactive map)
Location
CountryBosnia and Herzegovina
CitiesVisoko, Kakanj, Zenica, Maglaj, Zavidovići, Doboj, Modriča, Bosanski Šamac
Physical characteristics
SourceVrelo Bosne
 • locationIgman, Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 • coordinates43°49′6.6″N 18°16′11.9″E / 43.818500°N 18.269972°E / 43.818500; 18.269972
 • elevation520 m (1,710 ft);[1] (494.5 m (1,622 ft) a.s.l. according to an earlier source[2])
MouthSava
 • location
Bosanski Šamac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 • coordinates
45°4′0″N 18°28′1″E / 45.06667°N 18.46694°E / 45.06667; 18.46694
 • elevation
78 m (256 ft)
Length281.6 km (175.0 mi)[3]
Basin size10,810 km2 (4,170 sq mi)[3]
Discharge 
 • average174 m3/s (6,100 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionSava→ Danube→ Black Sea
Map
The main spring on the source of the Bosna river, on the outskirts of Sarajevo.

The Bosna (Serbian Cyrillic: Босна, pronounced [bɔ̂sna]) is the third longest river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is considered one of the country's three major internal rivers, along with the Neretva and the Vrbas. The other three major rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Una, to the northwest; the Sava, to the north, and the Drina, to the east. This river is the namesake of Bosnia. The river Bosna flows for 282 kilometers (175 mi).[3]

The river is possibly mentioned for the first time during the 1st century AD by Roman historian Marcus Velleius Paterculus under the name Bathinus flumen.[4][5][6] Another basic source that is associated with the hydronym Bathinus is the Salonitan inscription of the governor of Dalmatia, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, where it is said that the Bathinum river divides the Breuci from the Osseriates.[7] Another name could also have been Basante.

According to philologist Anton Mayer, the name Bosna could be derived from Illyrian Bass-an-as(-ā), which would be a diversion of the Proto-Indo-European root bʰegʷ, meaning 'the running water'.[8]

Geography and sectioning

[edit]

The Bosna River has created the Bosna River Valley. The valley has been developed as the country's industrial hub and is home to nearly a million people, who live primarily in several major cities.

Vrelo Bosne and Mala Bosna

[edit]
Main articles: Vrelo Bosne and Mala Bosna (river)

The Bosna source is the Vrelo Bosne spring, located at 520 m (1,710 ft) a.s.l.[1] (according to an earlier source, 494.5 m (1,622 ft) a.s.l.[2]) at the foothills of mount Igman, on the outskirts of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina.[1] The spring is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's chief natural landmarks and tourist attractions.[9]

The course between the source and its largest tributary in this section, the Željeznica, which runs in from the right, is referred as the Mala Bosna (transl. Little Bosna), but the section is often extended all the way to its confluence with Miljacka, four kilometers downstream.[10] Its tributaries between the source and the Željeznica are first the Večerica and then Bukulaš, while in the region of extended Mala Bosna course it further receives, first the Željeznica from the right, then approx. 600 meters downstream the Zujevina, the only tributary from the left in this region, followed by the Dobrinja (a.k.a. Tilava) 1.5 km, and then 2 km further the Miljacka, both from the right.[10][11]

Upper Bosna

[edit]

The Upper Bosna is a section between its source and the mouth of the Lašva, a left tributary, just upstream from Zenica. The section encompasses the entire region between Ilidža, near Sarajevo, and the Lašva, including the spacious valley between Ilijaš and Kakanj. The Visoko region, with its medieval heritage, is at the center of this area.

Middle Bosna

[edit]

The Middle Bosna is mostly composed of gorges, with steep slopes and narrow passages, between Zenica and Doboj. In this section, there are several medieval sites, such as Vranduk, Maglaj and Doboj.

Lower Bosna

[edit]

The Lower Bosna is the last section of the Bosna. From Doboj, the river continues northwards, approaching the Sava through the heart of Bosnia, passing through the lowlands of Posavina, and eventually becomes a right tributary of the Sava in Bosanski Šamac. There, it empties at around 80 metres (260 ft) above the sea level.

Course and tributaries

[edit]

The Bosna flows through a number of cantons. From its starting point in the Sarajevo Canton, it flows through the Zenica-Doboj Canton, and the Posavina Canton, in that order. On its way north, the Bosna also passes through the cities of Visoko, Zenica, Maglaj, Doboj, Modriča and Bosanski Šamac.

Course of the Bosna River from its source to its confluence with Sava River (interactive map)

The main right tributaries are: Željeznica, Miljacka, Ljubina, Misoča, Stavnja, Trstionica, Zgošća, Gostović [bs], Krivaja and Spreča. On the left, the main tributaries are: Zujevina, Fojnica, Lašva and Usora.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c PLAN UPRAVLJANJA SPOMENIKOM PRIRODE VRELO BOSNE 2020-2030 (PDF). p. 25. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  2. ^ a b Aganović M. (1965). "Komparativna istraživanja režima ishrane, rasta, plodnosti i strukture populacija lipljena u rijekama Bosni i Plivi". Godišnjak - The Annual of the Institute of Biology. 18. Institute of Biology - PMF University of Sarajevo: 5. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Sava River Basin Analysis Report" (PDF). International Sava River Basin Commission. September 2009. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF, 9.98 MB) on 2010-07-17.
  4. ^ Šašel Kos, M.; P. Kos. "Places: 197162 (Bathinus (river))". Pleiades. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  5. ^ Salmedin Mesihović (2014). Ilirike. Sarajevo: Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu. p. 80. ISBN 9789958031106.
  6. ^ Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2.114.4.6 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/1044/1/131/1509-1516
  7. ^ Salmedin Mesihović (2010). Aevvm Dolabellae – Dolabelino Doba. Vol. XXXIX. Sarajevo: Centar za balkanološka ispitivanja, Akademija nauka i umjetnosti. p. 10.
  8. ^ Indira Šabić (2014). Onomastička analiza bosanskohercegovačkih srednjovjekovnih administrativnih tekstova i stećaka (PDF). Osijek: Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera. p. 165. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-01-14. Retrieved 2015-03-30.
  9. ^ PLAN UPRAVLJANJA SPOMENIKOM PRIRODE VRELO BOSNE 2020-2030 (PDF). pp. 9–53. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  10. ^ a b Aganović M. (1965). "Komparativna istraživanja režima ishrane, rasta, plod nosti i strukture populacija lipljena u rijekama Bosni i Plivi". Godišnjak - The Annual of the Institute of Biology. 18. Institute of Biology - PMF University of Sarajevo: 5, 6. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  11. ^ The Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina Between East and West. Springer. 2022. p. 373. ISBN 978-3-030-98522-6.
[edit]
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