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{{short description|Canned food brand}}
{{short description|Canned food brand}}
{{Infobox company
{{Infobox company
|name = Libby's
| name = Libby's
|former_names = Libby, McNeill & Libby
| former_names = Libby, McNeill & Libby
|logo = Libbys logo.svg
| logo = File:Libby's (logo, flag).svg
| logo_caption = Logo used since 1994
|logo_size = 200
| logo_size = 200
|type = [[Subsidiary]]
|fate = Acquired by [[Nestlé]] in 1970
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| fate = Acquired by [[Nestlé]] in 1970
|foundation = {{start date and age|1869}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1869}}
|founder = Archibald McNeill <br> Arthur Libby<br> Charles Libby
| founder = Archibald McNeill <br> Arthur Libby<br> Charles Libby
|location = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
| location = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
|key_people =
| key_people =
|num_employees =
| num_employees =
|industry = [[food industry|Food]]
| industry = [[food industry|Food]]
| owner = Libby Brand Holding (trademark owner)
|owner =
|parent = [[Nestlé]]
| parent = [[Nestlé]]
|subsid =
| subsid = Libby Brand Holding [[ConAgra]]
|brands =
| brands =
|products = [[Canning|Canned food and beverages]]
| products = [[Canning|Canned food and beverages]] [[Frozen foods]]
|homepage = {{url|https://libbys.com/|libbys.com}}
| homepage = {{url|https://libbys.com/|libbys.com}}
}}
}}
'''Libby's''' is a brand of [[canning|canned food and beverages]] owned by Libby's Brand Holding based in [[Geneva, Switzerland]], and licensed to several companies around the world.
'''Libby's''' ('''Libby, McNeill & Libby''') was an American company that produced [[canning|canned food and beverages]]. The firm was established in 1869 in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. The Libby's trademark is currently owned by Libby's Brand Holding based in [[Geneva, Switzerland]], and is licensed to several companies around the world (including [[Nestlé]]<ref>[https://www.nestleprofessional.us/food/libbys-pumpkin Libby's] on Nestlé Professional</ref> and [[Conagra Brands]]<ref>[https://www.conagrafoodservice.com/products/libbys Libby's] on Conagra Food Service</ref>).


== History ==
== History ==
[[File:First libby plant.jpg|thumb|left|Libby's first plant in Chicago]]
⚫
The company was founded as "Libby, McNeill & Libby" in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], by Archibald McNeill and the brothers Arthur and Charles Libby.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Andreas |first=Alfred Theodore |title=History of Chicago: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time ... |publisher=A. T. Andreas |year=1886 |location=Chicago |pages=757 |language=en}}</ref> The business began with a canned meat product, beef in brine, or [[corned beef]]. The company started small and later began experimenting with the preservation of ox, beef, and pork tongues.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wade |first=Louise Carroll |title=Chicago's Pride: The Stockyards, Packingtown, and Environs in the Nineteenth Century |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-252-07132-4 |location=Urbana, IL |pages=103 |language=en}}</ref> The product became well-known when the company began to package the meat in a [[trapezoid]]-shaped can starting in 1875.<ref>{{cite web| title=150 Years of Canned History| url=https://libbys.com/libbys-history/| website=Libby's Brand Holding| access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> By 1880, it had 1,500 employees in Chicago.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Libby, McNeill, & Libby |url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2751.html |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Chicago]] |date=15 October 2004 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |editor1-first=James R. |editor1-last=Grossman |editor2-first=Ann Durkin |editor2-last=Keating |editor3-first=Janice L. |editor3-last=Reiff |isbn=978-0226310152}}</ref> In 1918, William F. Burrows was recorded as the company's chairman.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Greg H. |title=The United States Merchant Marine in World War I: Ships, Crews, Shipbuilders and Operators |publisher=McFarland |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4766-6703-4 |location=Jefferson, NC |pages=177 |language=en}}</ref>

{{multiple image
{{multiple image
|align = left
|align =
|direction =
|direction =
|total_width = 300
|total_width = 270
|image1 = Libby McNeill & Libby Corned Beef 1898.jpg
|image1 = Libby McNeill & Libby Corned Beef 1898.jpg
|caption1 = 1898 advertisement showing the trapezoidal can of Libby, McNeill & Libby's canned corned beef
|caption1 = 1898 advertisement showing the trapezoidal can of corned beef
|image2 = Libby's Pork and Beans ad, 1905.jpg
|image2 = Libby's Pork and Beans ad, 1905.jpg
|caption2 = Libby's Pork and Beans ad, 1905
|caption2 = Libby's Pork and Beans ad, 1905
|footer =
|footer =
}}
}}
⚫
By the middle of the 1930s, Libby's had about 9,000 employees only in the Chicago area. Its annual sales surpassed $100 million during the 1940s. Before and after World War II, Libby's had canning operations outside the United States in Belgium and France, at Leer in northern Germany, and in the United Kingdom.
⚫
The company was founded as "Libby, McNeill & Libby" in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], by Archibald McNeill and the brothers Arthur and Charles Libby. The business began with a canned meat product, beef in brine, or [[corned beef]]. The product became well-known when the company began to package the meat in a [[trapezoid]]-shaped can starting in 1875.<ref>{{cite web| title=150 Years of Canned History| url=https://libbys.com/libbys-history/| website=Libby's Brand Holding| access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref> By 1880, it had 1,500 employees in Chicago.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Libby, McNeill, & Libby |url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2751.html |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of Chicago]] |date=15 October 2004 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |editor1-first=James R. |editor1-last=Grossman |editor2-first=Ann Durkin |editor2-last=Keating |editor3-first=Janice L. |editor3-last=Reiff |isbn=978-0226310152}}</ref>


Libby, McNeill & Libby was acquired by [[Nestlé]] in 1970.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1985/09/26/libby-leaving-chicago/ |title=Libby leaving Chicago |first=Charles |last=Storch |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=26 September 1985 |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> In the 1970s, "Libbyland"-branded frozen dinners were marketed towards children, using a mascot called "Libby the Kid".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jason|date=2012-03-05|title=Gone But Not Forgotten Groceries: From the Frozen Foods Dept.: Libbyland Dinners|url=http://gbnfgroceries.blogspot.com/2012/03/from-frozen-foods-dept-libbyland.html|access-date=2021-12-01|website=Gone But Not Forgotten Groceries}}</ref>
[[File:Libby, McNeill & Libby of Honolulu LTD pineapple cannery in 1919 detail, from- Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Sugar Mill and Cannery, Hawaii County, Hawaii. LOC sanborn01553 001-8 (cropped).tif|thumb|Libby, McNeill & Libby of Honolulu LTD pineapple cannery in 1919 [[Sanborn fire insurance map]]]]
⚫
Before and after World War II, Libby's had canning operations outside the United States in Belgium and France, at Leer in northern Germany, and in the United Kingdom.


⚫
Nestlé introduced [[Juicy Juice]] in 1977, and it was branded under Libby's name. In 2006, Nestlé began to market Juicy Juice. In 2014, the Juicy Juice brand and business was sold by Nestlé to Harvest Hill Beverage Company, a portfolio company of [[Brynwood Partners]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.bevnet.com/news/2014/nestle-usa-unloads-stake-in-juicy-juice |title= Nestlé USA unloads stake in Juicy Juice |first=Max |last=Rothman |journal=BevNET |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/02/nestl-agrees-to-sell-juicy-juice-brand-to-brynwood-partners/ |title=Nestlé to sell Juicy Juice brand to Brynwood Partners |first=Chad |last=Bray |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
Libby, McNeill & Libby was acquired by [[Nestlé]] in 1970.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1985-09-26/business/8503050403_1_nestle-holdings-nestle-foods-canned |title=Libby leaving Chicago |first=Charles |last=Storch |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=26 September 1985 |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>

⚫
Nestlé introduced [[Juicy Juice]] in 1977 and it was branded under the Libby's name. In 2006, Nestlé began to market Juicy Juice. In 2014, the Juicy Juice brand and business was sold by Nestlé to Harvest Hill Beverage Company, a portfolio company of [[Brynwood Partners]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.bevnet.com/news/2014/nestle-usa-unloads-stake-in-juicy-juice |title= Nestlé USA unloads stake in Juicy Juice |first=Max |last=Rothman |journal=BevNET |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/02/nestl-agrees-to-sell-juicy-juice-brand-to-brynwood-partners/ |title=Nestlé to sell Juicy Juice brand to Brynwood Partners |first=Chad |last=Bray |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>


In 1982, Libby's canned vegetable business was acquired by S.S. Pierce Company (now [[Seneca Foods]]) and its canned fruits business was acquired by California Canners and Growers (Cal Can).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/11/business/libby-to-sell-canning-business.html |title=Libby to Sell Canning Business |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 1982 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/12/business/libby-says-it-will-sell-its-canning-operations.html |title=Libby says it will sell its canning operations |date=12 December 1981 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> In 1984, Cal Can merged with Tri-Valley Growers. In 2000, Tri-Valley Growers went bankrupt and the bulk of its operations, including the rights to the Libby's canned fruit business, was acquired by Signature Fruit LLC in 2001.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tri-Valley Growers sold off in pieces |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Tri-Valley-Growers-Sold-Off-in-Pieces-Del-Monte-2962377.php |first=Peter |last=Sinton |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=19 January 2001 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> In 2006, Seneca Foods acquired Signature Fruit.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://rbj.net/2006/07/28/seneca-foods-aims-to-buy-calif-firm/ |title=Seneca Foods aims to buy Calif. firm |first=Janice |last=Pieterse |newspaper=[[American City Business Journals|Rochester Business Journal]] |date=28 July 2006 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
In 1982, Libby's canned vegetable business was acquired by S.S. Pierce Company (now [[Seneca Foods]]) and its canned fruits business was acquired by California Canners and Growers (Cal Can).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/11/business/libby-to-sell-canning-business.html |title=Libby to Sell Canning Business |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 1982 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/12/business/libby-says-it-will-sell-its-canning-operations.html |title=Libby says it will sell its canning operations |date=12 December 1981 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> In 1984, Cal Can merged with Tri-Valley Growers. In 2000, Tri-Valley Growers went bankrupt and the bulk of its operations, including the rights to the Libby's canned fruit business, was acquired by Signature Fruit LLC in 2001.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tri-Valley Growers sold off in pieces |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Tri-Valley-Growers-Sold-Off-in-Pieces-Del-Monte-2962377.php |first=Peter |last=Sinton |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=19 January 2001 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> In 2006, Seneca Foods acquired Signature Fruit.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://rbj.net/2006/07/28/seneca-foods-aims-to-buy-calif-firm/ |title=Seneca Foods aims to buy Calif. firm |first=Janice |last=Pieterse |newspaper=[[American City Business Journals|Rochester Business Journal]] |date=28 July 2006 |access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref>
Line 46: Line 47:
Niagara Trading Company (now NTC Marketing, Inc.) acquired a long-term license for the Libby's name for canned pineapple and juices in 1983.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/24/business/niagara-trading.html |title=Niagara Trading |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 September 1983}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.senecafoods.com/Company/history.shtml |title=Our Company: Seneca's History |website=Seneca Foods |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007221846/http://www.senecafoods.com/Company/history.shtml |archive-date=7 October 2013}}</ref>
Niagara Trading Company (now NTC Marketing, Inc.) acquired a long-term license for the Libby's name for canned pineapple and juices in 1983.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/24/business/niagara-trading.html |title=Niagara Trading |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 September 1983}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.senecafoods.com/Company/history.shtml |title=Our Company: Seneca's History |website=Seneca Foods |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007221846/http://www.senecafoods.com/Company/history.shtml |archive-date=7 October 2013}}</ref>


In 1998, Libby's canned meat business was sold by Nestlé to [[International Home Foods]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foodonline.com/doc/international-home-foods-to-acquire-libbys-ca-0001|title=International Home Foods to Libby's canned meat products|work=Food Online|date=22 July 1998|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> In 2000, International Home Foods was acquired by [[ConAgra]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2000/jun/24/business/fi-44271 |title=ConAgra to buy International Home Foods |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=24 June 2000 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>
In 1998, Libby's canned meat business was sold by Nestlé to [[International Home Foods]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foodonline.com/doc/international-home-foods-to-acquire-libbys-ca-0001|title=International Home Foods to Libby's canned meat products|work=Food Online|date=22 July 1998|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> In 2000, International Home Foods was acquired by [[ConAgra]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jun-24-fi-44271-story.html |title=ConAgra to buy International Home Foods |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=24 June 2000 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref>


In 2006, Nestlé sold the Libby's trademark to a Swiss entity that became known as "Libby Brand Holding".
⚫
In 2006, Nestlé sold the Libby's trademark to a Swiss entity that became known as Libby Brand Holding. In November 2009, Libby's announced that because of poor weather on its [[Illinois]] pumpkin farms and a depleted back stock, a canned pumpkin shortage was likely as Thanksgiving approached. Libby's accounts for the vast majority of canned pumpkin production in the United States, and the shortfall prompted Libby's to establish farms in multiple states as a hedge against another mass shortage like the one that happened in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last=Severson |first=Kim |title=Libby’s Warns of a Canned Pumpkin Shortage |url=http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/libbys-warns-of-a-canned-pumpkin-shortage/ |work=The New York Times |date=November 17, 2009}}</ref>


⚫
In November 2009, Libby's announced that because of poor weather on its [[Illinois]] pumpkin farms and a depleted back stock, a canned pumpkin shortage was likely as Thanksgiving approached. Libby's accounts for the vast majority of canned pumpkin production in the United States, and the shortfall prompted Libby's to establish farms in multiple states as a hedge against another mass shortage like the one that happened in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |last=Severson |first=Kim |title=Libby's Warns of a Canned Pumpkin Shortage |url=http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/17/libbys-warns-of-a-canned-pumpkin-shortage/ |work=The New York Times |date=November 17, 2009}}</ref>
⚫
In 2010, Walton & Post, Inc. acquired a long-term license under the Libby's name for several items, including nectars, creamers, and prepared meals.


⚫
In 2010, Walton & Post, Inc. acquired a long-term license for the Libby's trademark for several items, including nectars, creamers, and prepared meals.
⚫
In 2015 Peaty Mills plc. acquired the Libby’s brand rights for preserved foods in the UK, Ireland and Portugal with the exceptions of Corned Beef, Pumpkin and Fruit Juices. The brand rights for Fruit Juice in the UK are held by Refresco.


⚫
In 2015, Peaty Mills plc. acquired the Libby’s trademark license for preserved foods in the UK, Ireland and Portugal with the exceptions of corned beef, pumpkin and fruit juices. The trademark license for fruit juice in the UK is held by Refresco.
⚫
Libby's trademark in [[Canary Islands]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] is licensed to Establecimientos Industriales Archipiélago S.A.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuestra Historia |url=https://libbys.es/nuestra-historia |trans-title=Our History |language=es |website= Establishments Industriales Archipiélago, SA |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>


⚫
Libby's trademark in [[Canary Islands]], [[Spain]] and [[Portugal]] is licensed to Establecimientos Industriales Archipiélago S.A.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nuestra Historia |url=https://libbys.es/nuestra-historia |trans-title=Our History |language=es |website= Establishments Industriales Archipiélago, SA |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>


==Advertising==
== Advertising ==
[[File:Libbys logo.svg|thumb|right|Isolated wordmark used since 1994]]
In the 1970s, Libby's had a successful television advertising campaign featuring their jingle, "When it says Libby's Libby's Libby's on the label, label, label, you will like it, like it, like it, on your table, table, table."<ref>{{cite web |title=Libby's Libby's Libby's |url=http://foodchronicles.blogspot.com/2005/10/libbys-libbys-libbys.html |date=10 October 2005 |journal=Food Chronicles |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>{{better source|date=August 2020}}
In the 1970s, Libby's had a successful television advertising campaign featuring their jingle, "When it says Libby's Libby's Libby's on the label, label, label, you will like it, like it, like it, on your table, table, table."<ref>{{cite journal |title=Libby's Libby's Libby's |url=http://foodchronicles.blogspot.com/2005/10/libbys-libbys-libbys.html |date=10 October 2005 |journal=Food Chronicles |access-date=29 July 2019}}</ref>{{better source|date=August 2020}}<ref>{{Citation |title=LIbby's Commercial 1971 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcaIMF_-1J4 |access-date=2023-06-24 |language=en}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 93: Line 96:
[[Category:1869 introductions]]
[[Category:1869 introductions]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:1869 establishments in Illinois]]
[[Category:Frozen food brands]]

Latest revision as of 01:45, 11 September 2024

Libby's
FormerlyLibby, McNeill & Libby
Company typeSubsidiary
IndustryFood
Founded1869; 155 years ago (1869)
FounderArchibald McNeill
Arthur Libby
Charles Libby
FateAcquired by Nestlé in 1970
HeadquartersChicago, Illinois
ProductsCanned food and beverages Frozen foods
OwnerLibby Brand Holding (trademark owner)
ParentNestlé
SubsidiariesLibby Brand Holding ConAgra
Websitelibbys.com

Libby's (Libby, McNeill & Libby) was an American company that produced canned food and beverages. The firm was established in 1869 in Chicago, Illinois. The Libby's trademark is currently owned by Libby's Brand Holding based in Geneva, Switzerland, and is licensed to several companies around the world (including Nestlé[1] and Conagra Brands[2]).

History

[edit]
Libby's first plant in Chicago

The company was founded as "Libby, McNeill & Libby" in Chicago, Illinois, by Archibald McNeill and the brothers Arthur and Charles Libby.[3] The business began with a canned meat product, beef in brine, or corned beef. The company started small and later began experimenting with the preservation of ox, beef, and pork tongues.[4] The product became well-known when the company began to package the meat in a trapezoid-shaped can starting in 1875.[5] By 1880, it had 1,500 employees in Chicago.[6] In 1918, William F. Burrows was recorded as the company's chairman.[7]

1898 advertisement showing the trapezoidal can of corned beef
Libby's Pork and Beans ad, 1905

By the middle of the 1930s, Libby's had about 9,000 employees only in the Chicago area. Its annual sales surpassed $100 million during the 1940s. Before and after World War II, Libby's had canning operations outside the United States in Belgium and France, at Leer in northern Germany, and in the United Kingdom.

Libby, McNeill & Libby was acquired by Nestlé in 1970.[8] In the 1970s, "Libbyland"-branded frozen dinners were marketed towards children, using a mascot called "Libby the Kid".[9]

Nestlé introduced Juicy Juice in 1977, and it was branded under Libby's name. In 2006, Nestlé began to market Juicy Juice. In 2014, the Juicy Juice brand and business was sold by Nestlé to Harvest Hill Beverage Company, a portfolio company of Brynwood Partners.[10][11]

In 1982, Libby's canned vegetable business was acquired by S.S. Pierce Company (now Seneca Foods) and its canned fruits business was acquired by California Canners and Growers (Cal Can).[12][13] In 1984, Cal Can merged with Tri-Valley Growers. In 2000, Tri-Valley Growers went bankrupt and the bulk of its operations, including the rights to the Libby's canned fruit business, was acquired by Signature Fruit LLC in 2001.[14] In 2006, Seneca Foods acquired Signature Fruit.[15]

Niagara Trading Company (now NTC Marketing, Inc.) acquired a long-term license for the Libby's name for canned pineapple and juices in 1983.[16][17]

In 1998, Libby's canned meat business was sold by Nestlé to International Home Foods.[18] In 2000, International Home Foods was acquired by ConAgra.[19]

In 2006, Nestlé sold the Libby's trademark to a Swiss entity that became known as "Libby Brand Holding".

In November 2009, Libby's announced that because of poor weather on its Illinois pumpkin farms and a depleted back stock, a canned pumpkin shortage was likely as Thanksgiving approached. Libby's accounts for the vast majority of canned pumpkin production in the United States, and the shortfall prompted Libby's to establish farms in multiple states as a hedge against another mass shortage like the one that happened in 2009.[20]

In 2010, Walton & Post, Inc. acquired a long-term license for the Libby's trademark for several items, including nectars, creamers, and prepared meals.

In 2015, Peaty Mills plc. acquired the Libby’s trademark license for preserved foods in the UK, Ireland and Portugal with the exceptions of corned beef, pumpkin and fruit juices. The trademark license for fruit juice in the UK is held by Refresco.

Libby's trademark in Canary Islands, Spain and Portugal is licensed to Establecimientos Industriales Archipiélago S.A.[21]

Advertising

[edit]
Isolated wordmark used since 1994

In the 1970s, Libby's had a successful television advertising campaign featuring their jingle, "When it says Libby's Libby's Libby's on the label, label, label, you will like it, like it, like it, on your table, table, table."[22][better source needed][23]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Libby's on Nestlé Professional
  2. ^ Libby's on Conagra Food Service
  3. ^ Andreas, Alfred Theodore (1886). History of Chicago: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time ... Chicago: A. T. Andreas. p. 757.
  4. ^ Wade, Louise Carroll (2002). Chicago's Pride: The Stockyards, Packingtown, and Environs in the Nineteenth Century. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-252-07132-4.
  5. ^ "150 Years of Canned History". Libby's Brand Holding. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  6. ^ Grossman, James R.; Keating, Ann Durkin; Reiff, Janice L., eds. (15 October 2004). "Libby, McNeill, & Libby". Encyclopedia of Chicago. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226310152.
  7. ^ Williams, Greg H. (2017). The United States Merchant Marine in World War I: Ships, Crews, Shipbuilders and Operators. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-4766-6703-4.
  8. ^ Storch, Charles (26 September 1985). "Libby leaving Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  9. ^ Jason (2012-03-05). "Gone But Not Forgotten Groceries: From the Frozen Foods Dept.: Libbyland Dinners". Gone But Not Forgotten Groceries. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  10. ^ Rothman, Max (2 July 2014). "Nestlé USA unloads stake in Juicy Juice". BevNET. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  11. ^ Bray, Chad (2 July 2014). "Nestlé to sell Juicy Juice brand to Brynwood Partners". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  12. ^ "Libby to Sell Canning Business". The New York Times. 11 March 1982. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  13. ^ "Libby says it will sell its canning operations". The New York Times. 12 December 1981. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  14. ^ Sinton, Peter (19 January 2001). "Tri-Valley Growers sold off in pieces". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  15. ^ Pieterse, Janice (28 July 2006). "Seneca Foods aims to buy Calif. firm". Rochester Business Journal. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  16. ^ "Niagara Trading". The New York Times. Associated Press. 24 September 1983.
  17. ^ "Our Company: Seneca's History". Seneca Foods. Archived from the original on 7 October 2013.
  18. ^ "International Home Foods to Libby's canned meat products". Food Online. 22 July 1998. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  19. ^ "ConAgra to buy International Home Foods". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. 24 June 2000. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  20. ^ Severson, Kim (November 17, 2009). "Libby's Warns of a Canned Pumpkin Shortage". The New York Times.
  21. ^ "Nuestra Historia" [Our History]. Establishments Industriales Archipiélago, SA (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  22. ^ "Libby's Libby's Libby's". Food Chronicles. 10 October 2005. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  23. ^ LIbby's Commercial 1971, retrieved 2023-06-24
[edit]
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