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{{Short description|American record producer and songwriter}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| nickname =
| nickname =
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| caption =
| caption =
| birth_name = Robert John Hafner
| birth_name = Robert John Hafner
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|04|08|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1932|04|08|mf=y}}
| birth_place =
| birth_place = [[Coatesville, Pennsylvania]], United States
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|10|13|1932|04|08|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|10|12|1932|04|08|mf=y}}
| death_place =
| death_place =
| death_cause = Heart failure
| occupation = Musician, composer, record producer
| occupation = Musician, composer, record producer
| years_active = 1950s to 1980s
| years_active = 1950s to 1980s
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}}
}}


'''Robert Hafner''' (April 8, 1932 – October 12, 2013) was an American [[record producer]] and [[songwriter]] who, along with [[Tony Hilder]], was responsible for many of the surf records that came out in California in the 1960s including "Vesuvius" and "Intoxica" by [[The Revels]]. He also contributed to the music for the film ''[[The Exiles (1961 film)|The Exiles]]''. Music historian and author Robert Dalley said that he had a definite place in surf history.


==Personal life==
'''Robert Hafner''' (August 4, 1932 - October 12, 2013) was a record producer and song writer who along with [[Tony Hilder]] was responsible for many of the surf records that came out in California in the 1960s which included "Vesuvius" and "Intoxica" by [[The Revels]] . He also contributed to the music for the film, ''[[The Exiles (1961 film)|The Exiles]]''. Music historian and author Robert Dalley said that he had a definite place in Surf history.
Hafner was born in [[Coatesville, Pennsylvania]] in 1932. In 1939 the Hafner family moved to [[Los Angeles]]. While at high school he got his first guitar and later joined the high school jazz swing band. After quitting college and moving to New York he attempted to get into the Actors Studio, but ended up working as a painter. Following the deaths of his parents within a short time of each other, he ended up broke and on skid row. He then caught up with an old acquaintance and with his help he got into the music business, working as a songwriter and musical arranger. In 1969 he married in Idaho. In 1992 he and his wife Barbara moved to Chicago to be closer to her parents. They had a daughter, Celeste.
==Background==
Hafner was Born in [[Coatesville, Pennsylvania]] in 1932. In 1939, the Hafner family moved to [[Los Angeles]]. While at high school, got his first guitar and later joined the high school jazz swing band. After quitting college and moving to New York, he attempted to get into the Actors Studio but ended up working as a painter. Following the deaths of his parents within a short time of each other, he ended up broke and on skid row. He then caught up with an old acquaintance and through his help, he got in to the music business, doing work as a songwriter and musical arranger. In 1969, he got married in Idaho. In 1992, he and his wife Barbara moved to Chicago to be closer to her parents.


He died of heart failure Sunday, Oct. 13, in Centegra Memorial Medical Center in McHenry aged 81. He was survived by his wife of 44 years Barbara and his daughter Celeste. <ref>''Chicago Tribune'' October 20, 2013 [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-10-20/news/ct-met-robert-hafner-obit-20131020_1_jazz-music-surf-comanche Robert John Hafner, 1932-2013, '60s songwriter plunged into surf music craze By Joan Giangrasse Kates, Special to the Tribune]</ref> He has lived in Lake County for 30 years.<ref>Highbeam Research [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-345777409.html Hafner-4355706]</ref>
He died of heart failure Sunday, October 13, 2015, at Centegra Memorial Medical Center in [[McHenry County, Illinois|McHenry]], aged 81.<ref name="tribune">''Chicago Tribune'' October 20, 2013 [https://web.archive.org/web/20131024095518/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-10-20/news/ct-met-robert-hafner-obit-20131020_1_jazz-music-surf-comanche Robert John Hafner, 1932-2013, '60s songwriter plunged into surf music craze By Joan Giangrasse Kates, Special to the Tribune]</ref> At the time of his death, he had lived in [[Lake County, Illinois|Lake County]] for 30 years.<ref name="Hafner-4355706">Highbeam Research [https://web.archive.org/web/20160409131832/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-345777409.html Hafner-4355706]</ref>


==Career==
==Music career==
In the late 1950s Hafner also worked with Los Angeles producer [[Earl Stone]]. It was reconnecting with this old acquaintance that he was able to work with The Revels.<ref name="tribune"/>
===Music===
In the late 1950s, Hafner also worked with Los Angeles producer Earl Stone. It was reconnecting with the old acquaintance that he was able to work with The Revels.<ref>''Chicago Tribune'' October 20, 2013 [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-10-20/news/ct-met-robert-hafner-obit-20131020_1_jazz-music-surf-comanche Robert John Hafner, 1932-2013, '60s songwriter plunged into surf music craze By Joan Giangrasse Kates, Special to the Tribune]</ref>


In 1961, Hafner and Anthony aka Tony Hilder provided the music for the film, ''The Exiles''.<ref>''Chicago Tribune November'' 21, 2008 [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2008-11-21/entertainment/0811200396_1_exiles-kent-mackenzie-homer-nish 'The Exiles' stars Yvonne Wilson, Homer Nish, Tommy Reynolds, Rico Rodriguez By Michael Phillips, Tribune Critic]</ref><ref>''The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Feature Films 1961 - 1970'' , Richard P Krafsur, Executive Editor [https://books.google.com/books?id=s1k1RsGvFwwC&pg=PA314&lpg=PA314&dq=%22Robert+Hafner%22The+Revels%22&source=bl&ots=Pm-AtGmq-g&sig=4j267T430eEv0Fol1UqWlbPDvug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBsQ6AEwADgKahUKEwjqrNOu79rIAhWCLaYKHSBRB24#v=onepage&q=%22Robert%20Hafner%22The%20Revels%22&f=false Page 314]</ref>
In 1961 Hafner and Anthony (Tony) Hilder provided the music for the film ''The Exiles''.<ref>''Chicago Tribune November'' 21, 2008 [https://www.chicagotribune.com/2008/11/21/long-gone-la-returns-with-the-exiles/ 'The Exiles' stars Yvonne Wilson, Homer Nish, Tommy Reynolds, Rico Rodriguez By Michael Phillips, Tribune Critic]</ref><ref>''The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Feature Films 1961 - 1970'' , Richard P Krafsur, Executive Editor [https://books.google.com/books?id=s1k1RsGvFwwC&dq=%22Robert+Hafner%22The+Revels%22&pg=PA314 Page 314]</ref>


Some of the bands Hafner and Hilder worked with included a group called New Dimension. They never released any singles. The albums were released via a very small record label called Sutton who Hilder and Hafner had a deal with. These budjet releases were packaged in generic sleeves and sent straight to shops to go into the cut-out bins and racks.<ref>Beyond The Beat Generation [http://home.unet.nl/kesteloo/newdimensions.html The New Dimensions]</ref><ref>MusicDish e-Journal 2001-05-14 [http://www.musicdish.com/mag/index.php3?id=3760 From Surf to Folk Rock: He's Done it All! ''An Interview with SoCal's Craig Nuttycombe'' By Mike Dugo, 60sGarageBands]</ref>
The bands Hafner and Hilder worked with included a group called New Dimension. They never released any singles. The albums were released by a very small record label called [[Sutton Records|Sutton]] who Hilder and Hafner had a deal with. These budget releases were packaged in generic sleeves and sent straight to shops to go into the cut-out bins and racks.<ref>Beyond The Beat Generation [http://home.unet.nl/kesteloo/newdimensions.html The New Dimensions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109151801/http://home.unet.nl/kesteloo/newdimensions.html |date=2016-01-09 }}</ref><ref>MusicDish e-Journal 2001-05-14 [http://www.musicdish.com/mag/index.php3?id=3760 From Surf to Folk Rock: He's Done it All! ''An Interview with SoCal's Craig Nuttycombe'' By Mike Dugo, 60sGarageBands]</ref>


His composition "Comanche" was used for the film ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'', which he found offensive as it was used as background music in a violent scene in the film. According to him, there was an idealistic angle to the song as it was about the plight of the American Indian.<ref>''Chicago Tribune'' October 20, 2013 [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-10-20/news/ct-met-robert-hafner-obit-20131020_1_jazz-music-surf-comanche Robert John Hafner, 1932-2013, '60s songwriter plunged into surf music craze By Joan Giangrasse Kates, Special to the Tribune]</ref>
His composition "Comanche" was used for the film ''[[Pulp Fiction]]'', which he found offensive as it was used as background music for a violent scene in the film. According to him, there was an idealistic angle to the song as it was about the plight of the American Indian.<ref name="tribune"/>
On Apr 15, 1994 Robert Hafner and The Revels won in legal action against Disney, Miramax, MCA Records, and Universal Music Group for the use of the song in the film.<ref>Avvo Inc. [http://www.avvo.com/attorneys/28655-nc-michelle-carswellpritchard-1746249/legal_cases Robert Hafner and The Revels v. Disney, Miramax, MCA Records, and Universal Music Group]</ref>


By the late 1990's he had stopped writing music and had since left the music business.<ref>''Chicago Tribune'' October 20, 2013 [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-10-20/news/ct-met-robert-hafner-obit-20131020_1_jazz-music-surf-comanche Robert John Hafner, 1932-2013, '60s songwriter plunged into surf music craze By Joan Giangrasse Kates, Special to the Tribune]</ref>
By the late 1990s, he had stopped writing music and had left the music business.<ref name="tribune"/>


===Film===
===Compositions covered===
;"Turn Him Down" aka "Turn Her Down"
In 1959, Hafner and Tony Hilder had small parts in the film ''[[The Hideous Sun Demon]]'', sci-fi horror film directed by Tom Boutross and [[Robert Clarke]].<ref>''Science Fiction and Fantasy Film Flashbacks'' by Tom Weaver [https://books.google.com/books?id=tMBYAIrVGNgC&pg=PA98&dq=%22Bob+Hafner%22Sun+Demon&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAGoVChMIzfPIq_vayAIVo9-mCh0u-AAS#v=onepage&q=%22Bob%20Hafner%22Sun%20Demon&f=false Page 98 ''The Hideous Sun Demon'' (1959)]</ref> Over the course of his life, he had written several screenplays and novels.<ref>Highbeam Research [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-345777409.html Hafner-4355706]</ref>
Hafner co-wrote the song "Turn Him Down" with K.C. Reeth.<ref>''Catalog of Copyright Entries'', United States Department of the Treasury - [https://books.google.com/books?id=8SqPn7fJy-kC&q=%22Turn+Him+Down%22Hafner+Reeth Page 1582]</ref> It was recorded by Emmett Lord and released as the B side of "Woman" on [[Liberty Records|Liberty]] 55491 in 1962. It was given a forecast of moderate sales potential by ''[[Billboard Magazine|Billboard]]'' in its September 8 issue.<ref>''Billboard'', September 8, 1962 - [https://books.google.com/books?id=dhcEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Turn+Him+Down%22Emmett+Lord%22&pg=PA56 Page 56 Reviews of New Singles, Moderate Sales Potential]</ref> Also that year it was covered by another group, [[Rochell & the Candles]] with the new title, "Turn Her Down" and released as the B side of their [[Challenge Records (1950s)|Challenge]] single, "Each Night".<ref>''Billboard'', July 28, 1962 - [https://books.google.com/books?id=FxcEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Turn+Her+Down%22Rochell+%26+the+Candles%22&pg=PA23 Page 23 SPOTLIGHT SINGLES OF THE WEEK, SINGLES REVIEWS]</ref> A girl group called The Cupons released their version backed with "Be Your Love Tonight" on the [[Impact Records (California)|Impact]] label in 1964.<ref>Discogs - [https://www.discogs.com/Various-Girls-In-The-Garage-Pt-2/release/1424896 Various – Girls In The Garage Pt. 2]</ref><ref>45Cat - [http://www.45cat.com/artist/cupons The Cupons - Discography, USA]</ref> Later covers of the song have been by [[The Pussywillows]] on their 1988 ''Spring Fever!'' album,<ref>Discogs - [https://www.discogs.com/The-Pussywillows-Spring-Fever/release/3285043 The Pussywillows – Spring Fever!]</ref> and Japanese punk / garage girl group, MELLViNS as the B side of their 2015 single, "One Fine Day".<ref>Discogs - [https://www.discogs.com/ru/MELLVINS-One-Fine-Day-Turn-Her-Down/release/9522249 MELLVINS – One Fine Day Turn Her Down]</ref>
==Compositions (selective)==
* "The Day George Wallace Was Shot" by Bob Hafner and the Homesteaders, on release - "The Day George Wallace Was Shot" / "Brave Men Walk Alone" - Liberty Tree - (1972)
* "The Final Season" by Bob Linkletter, on release - "The Out Crowd" / "The Final Season" - (1965)
* "Surfin' Tragedy" by Bob Vaught And The Renegades, on release - "Exotic" / "Surfin' Tragedy" - GNP Crescendo GNP 193X - (1963)<ref>45Cat [http://www.45cat.com/record/193x Bob Vaught And The Renegades GNP 193X]</ref>
* "Latin Soul", "Christmas Eve", by The Sentinals, release - "Latin Soul" / "Christmas Eve" - Era 3097 - (1962) (Side 2 co-written with K.C. Reeth)<ref>45Cat [http://www.45cat.com/45_composer.php?tc=Robert+J.+Hafner Tracks Composed By: Robert J. Hafner]</ref>
* "Intoxica", "Comanche" by The Revels, release - "Intoxica" / "Tequila" - Impact 3-IMX - (1961)<ref>45Cat [http://www.45cat.com/45_composer.php?tc=Robert+J.+Hafner Tracks Composed By: Robert J. Hafner]</ref>
* ‎"Vesuvius" , by the Revels, release - "Vesuvius" / "Church Key" - Impact 1-IMX - (1960)<ref>Discogs [http://www.discogs.com/artist/728016-Robert-John-Hafner Robert John Hafner Writing & Arrangement]</ref>


==Film and other==
[[Category:American record producers]]
In 1959, Hafner and Tony Hilder had small parts in the film ''[[The Hideous Sun Demon]]'', a sci-fi horror film directed by Tom Boutross and [[Robert Clarke]].<ref>''Science Fiction and Fantasy Film Flashbacks'' by Tom Weaver [https://books.google.com/books?id=tMBYAIrVGNgC&dq=%22Bob+Hafner%22Sun+Demon&pg=PA98 Page 98 ''The Hideous Sun Demon'' (1959)]</ref> During his life he wrote several screenplays and novels.<ref name="Hafner-4355706"/>
[[Category:Surf music record producers]]

==Compositions (selective)==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Title
! scope="col" | Group / Act
! scope="col" | Release
! scope="col" | Catalogue
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes #
|-
! scope="row" | "Endless Love"
| [[Jesse Belvin]] and [[The Capris (Los Angeles group)|The Capris]]
| "Beware" / "Endless Love"
| [[Tender Records|Tender]] 518
| 1959
| Co-composed with K.C. Reeth<ref>''[[The Billboard (magazine)|The Billboard]]'', 23 Feb 1959 - [https://books.google.com/books?id=BiAEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Jesse+Belvin%22Capris&pg=PA51 Page 51 * ''Reviews of New Pop Records'']</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Rendezvous"
| [[Billy Watkins (singer)|Billy Watkins]]
| "You're Unforgettable" / "Rendezvous"
| [[Challenge Records (1950s)|Challenge]] 59056
| 1959
| <ref>45Cat - [http://www.45cat.com/artist/billy-watkins Billy Watkins - Discography, USA, You're Unforgettable (After You've Been Kissed)]</ref><ref>''[[The Cash Box (magazine)|The Cash Box]]'', October 17, 1959 - [https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Cash-Box/50s/1959/CB-1959-10-17.pdf Page 14 The Cash Box Best Bets]</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Endless Love"
| Vi Hall
| "Endless Love" / "It's Graduation Time"
| CT C-1 / C-1X
|
| Co-composed with K.C. Reeth<ref>''[[Who Put the Bomp]]'', No.14, Fall 1975 - [https://archive.org/details/Bomp14Fall1975/page/n11 Page 13 "The Tony Hilder Story" by John Blair & Bill Smart - CT LABEL]</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Vesuvius," "Church Key"
| [[The Revels]]
| "Vesuvius" / "Church Key"
| Impact 1-IMX
| 1960
| <ref>Discogs [http://www.discogs.com/artist/728016-Robert-John-Hafner Robert John Hafner Writing & Arrangement]</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Intoxica," "Comanche"
| The Revels
| "Intoxica" / "Tequila"
| [[Impact Records (California)|Impact]] 3-IMX
| 1961
| <ref name="45cat.com">45Cat [http://www.45cat.com/45_composer.php?tc=Robert+J.+Hafner Tracks Composed By: Robert J. Hafner]</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "Latin Soul", "Christmas Eve"
| [[The Sentinals]]
| "Latin Soul" / "Christmas Eve"
| [[Era Records|Era]] 3097
| 1962
| (Side 2 co-written with K.C. Reeth)<ref name="45cat.com"/>
|-
! scope="row" | "Surfin' Tragedy"
| [[Bob Vaught and the Renegades]]
| "Exotic" / "Surfin' Tragedy"
| GNP Crescendo GNP 193X
| 1963
| <ref>45Cat [http://www.45cat.com/record/193x Bob Vaught And The Renegades GNP 193X]</ref>
|-
|-
! scope="row" | "The Final Season"
| Bob Linkletter
| "The Out Crowd" / "The Final Season"
| Chattahoochee Records CH 702
| 1965
| <ref>45Cast - [http://www.45cat.com/artist/bob-linkletter Bob Linkletter - Discography]</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | "The Day George Wallace Was Shot"
| Bob Hafner and the Homesteaders
| "The Day George Wallace Was Shot" / "Brave Men Walk Alone"
| Liberty Tree
| 1972
| <ref>45Cat - [http://www.45cat.com/artist/bob-hafner-and-the-homesteaders Bob Hafner And The Homesteaders - Discography]</ref><ref>Rate Your Music - [https://rateyourmusic.com/release/single/bob-hafner-and-the-homesteaders/the-day-george-wallace-was-shot-brave-men-walk-alone/ The Day George Wallace Was Shot / Brave Men Walk Alone]</ref>
|-
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hafner, Robert}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:Record producers from Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Surf music record producers]]

Latest revision as of 03:25, 11 September 2024

Robert Hafner
Born
Robert John Hafner

(1932-04-08)April 8, 1932
Coatesville, Pennsylvania, United States
DiedOctober 12, 2013(2013-10-12) (aged 81)
Occupation(s)Musician, composer, record producer
Years active1950s to 1980s
SpouseBarbara Hafner

Robert Hafner (April 8, 1932 – October 12, 2013) was an American record producer and songwriter who, along with Tony Hilder, was responsible for many of the surf records that came out in California in the 1960s including "Vesuvius" and "Intoxica" by The Revels. He also contributed to the music for the film The Exiles. Music historian and author Robert Dalley said that he had a definite place in surf history.

Personal life

[edit]

Hafner was born in Coatesville, Pennsylvania in 1932. In 1939 the Hafner family moved to Los Angeles. While at high school he got his first guitar and later joined the high school jazz swing band. After quitting college and moving to New York he attempted to get into the Actors Studio, but ended up working as a painter. Following the deaths of his parents within a short time of each other, he ended up broke and on skid row. He then caught up with an old acquaintance and with his help he got into the music business, working as a songwriter and musical arranger. In 1969 he married in Idaho. In 1992 he and his wife Barbara moved to Chicago to be closer to her parents. They had a daughter, Celeste.

He died of heart failure Sunday, October 13, 2015, at Centegra Memorial Medical Center in McHenry, aged 81.[1] At the time of his death, he had lived in Lake County for 30 years.[2]

Music career

[edit]

In the late 1950s Hafner also worked with Los Angeles producer Earl Stone. It was reconnecting with this old acquaintance that he was able to work with The Revels.[1]

In 1961 Hafner and Anthony (Tony) Hilder provided the music for the film The Exiles.[3][4]

The bands Hafner and Hilder worked with included a group called New Dimension. They never released any singles. The albums were released by a very small record label called Sutton who Hilder and Hafner had a deal with. These budget releases were packaged in generic sleeves and sent straight to shops to go into the cut-out bins and racks.[5][6]

His composition "Comanche" was used for the film Pulp Fiction, which he found offensive as it was used as background music for a violent scene in the film. According to him, there was an idealistic angle to the song as it was about the plight of the American Indian.[1]

By the late 1990s, he had stopped writing music and had left the music business.[1]

Compositions covered

[edit]
"Turn Him Down" aka "Turn Her Down"

Hafner co-wrote the song "Turn Him Down" with K.C. Reeth.[7] It was recorded by Emmett Lord and released as the B side of "Woman" on Liberty 55491 in 1962. It was given a forecast of moderate sales potential by Billboard in its September 8 issue.[8] Also that year it was covered by another group, Rochell & the Candles with the new title, "Turn Her Down" and released as the B side of their Challenge single, "Each Night".[9] A girl group called The Cupons released their version backed with "Be Your Love Tonight" on the Impact label in 1964.[10][11] Later covers of the song have been by The Pussywillows on their 1988 Spring Fever! album,[12] and Japanese punk / garage girl group, MELLViNS as the B side of their 2015 single, "One Fine Day".[13]

Film and other

[edit]

In 1959, Hafner and Tony Hilder had small parts in the film The Hideous Sun Demon, a sci-fi horror film directed by Tom Boutross and Robert Clarke.[14] During his life he wrote several screenplays and novels.[2]

Compositions (selective)

[edit]
Title Group / Act Release Catalogue Year Notes #
"Endless Love" Jesse Belvin and The Capris "Beware" / "Endless Love" Tender 518 1959 Co-composed with K.C. Reeth[15]
"Rendezvous" Billy Watkins "You're Unforgettable" / "Rendezvous" Challenge 59056 1959 [16][17]
"Endless Love" Vi Hall "Endless Love" / "It's Graduation Time" CT C-1 / C-1X Co-composed with K.C. Reeth[18]
"Vesuvius," "Church Key" The Revels "Vesuvius" / "Church Key" Impact 1-IMX 1960 [19]
"Intoxica," "Comanche" The Revels "Intoxica" / "Tequila" Impact 3-IMX 1961 [20]
"Latin Soul", "Christmas Eve" The Sentinals "Latin Soul" / "Christmas Eve" Era 3097 1962 (Side 2 co-written with K.C. Reeth)[20]
"Surfin' Tragedy" Bob Vaught and the Renegades "Exotic" / "Surfin' Tragedy" GNP Crescendo GNP 193X 1963 [21]
"The Final Season" Bob Linkletter "The Out Crowd" / "The Final Season" Chattahoochee Records CH 702 1965 [22]
"The Day George Wallace Was Shot" Bob Hafner and the Homesteaders "The Day George Wallace Was Shot" / "Brave Men Walk Alone" Liberty Tree 1972 [23][24]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Chicago Tribune October 20, 2013 Robert John Hafner, 1932-2013, '60s songwriter plunged into surf music craze By Joan Giangrasse Kates, Special to the Tribune
  2. ^ a b Highbeam Research Hafner-4355706
  3. ^ Chicago Tribune November 21, 2008 'The Exiles' stars Yvonne Wilson, Homer Nish, Tommy Reynolds, Rico Rodriguez By Michael Phillips, Tribune Critic
  4. ^ The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Feature Films 1961 - 1970 , Richard P Krafsur, Executive Editor Page 314
  5. ^ Beyond The Beat Generation The New Dimensions Archived 2016-01-09 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ MusicDish e-Journal 2001-05-14 From Surf to Folk Rock: He's Done it All! An Interview with SoCal's Craig Nuttycombe By Mike Dugo, 60sGarageBands
  7. ^ Catalog of Copyright Entries, United States Department of the Treasury - Page 1582
  8. ^ Billboard, September 8, 1962 - Page 56 Reviews of New Singles, Moderate Sales Potential
  9. ^ Billboard, July 28, 1962 - Page 23 SPOTLIGHT SINGLES OF THE WEEK, SINGLES REVIEWS
  10. ^ Discogs - Various – Girls In The Garage Pt. 2
  11. ^ 45Cat - The Cupons - Discography, USA
  12. ^ Discogs - The Pussywillows – Spring Fever!
  13. ^ Discogs - MELLVINS – One Fine Day Turn Her Down
  14. ^ Science Fiction and Fantasy Film Flashbacks by Tom Weaver Page 98 The Hideous Sun Demon (1959)
  15. ^ The Billboard, 23 Feb 1959 - Page 51 * Reviews of New Pop Records
  16. ^ 45Cat - Billy Watkins - Discography, USA, You're Unforgettable (After You've Been Kissed)
  17. ^ The Cash Box, October 17, 1959 - Page 14 The Cash Box Best Bets
  18. ^ Who Put the Bomp, No.14, Fall 1975 - Page 13 "The Tony Hilder Story" by John Blair & Bill Smart - CT LABEL
  19. ^ Discogs Robert John Hafner Writing & Arrangement
  20. ^ a b 45Cat Tracks Composed By: Robert J. Hafner
  21. ^ 45Cat Bob Vaught And The Renegades GNP 193X
  22. ^ 45Cast - Bob Linkletter - Discography
  23. ^ 45Cat - Bob Hafner And The Homesteaders - Discography
  24. ^ Rate Your Music - The Day George Wallace Was Shot / Brave Men Walk Alone
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