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{{Short description|Polish lawyer, professor of legal science and activist}}
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'' Janusz 'Walerian Panko '' (born. [[October 8]] [[1941]] in [[Turze Pole|Turzym Polu]] –. [[October 7]] [[1991]] in [[Słostowice | Słostowicach]]) was a [[Poland | Polish]] [[lawyer]], and professor of legal science. An activist of the democratic opposition during the [[people's Republic of Poland | PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF POLAND]], [[a member of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland | Diet]] [[Members of the Sejm of the Polish people's Republic X term | X term]], he died while serving as president of NIK, Poland's Supreme Audit Office.
[[File:Poseł_Walerian_Pańko_X_kadencja.jpg|thumb]]
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'''Janusz Walerian Pańko''' (born. October 8, 1941 in [[Turze Pole]] – October 7, 1991 in [[Słostowice]]) was a Polish [[lawyer]], and professor of legal science. An activist of the democratic opposition during the [[People's Republic of Poland]], a member of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (X term), he died while serving as president of the [[Supreme Audit Office (Poland)|NIK]], Poland's Supreme Audit Office.


==Political involvement==
==Political involvement==


In October 1980 he became a member of the independent trade union "Solidarity".<ref name="muzeum">{{cytuj stronę|url=http://cit.muzeum.brzozow.pl/?page_id=3277|tytuł=Walerian Pańko|opublikowany=cit.muzeum.brzozow.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref>. In 1980-1981 he served as Advisor to the solidarity and independent trade union individual farmers "solidarity" during the peasant strikes in Rzeszów and Lower Ustrzyki (he was a co-author of the Ustrzycko agreements). Organized Network Of Company "Solidarity" Of The Leading Work Of Silesia. He presided over a team of Social Agriculture Legislative Council. After the introduction of the martial law in Poland 1981-1983, he was imprisoned from December 13, 1981 to January 16, 1982<ref name="muzeum" />. Protesting against the actions of the public authorities in February 1982 with the PZPR<ref name="muzeum" />. He was a participant in the work of the Centre on civil legislative initiatives of solidarity<ref name="OIUS">{{cytuj książkę|nazwisko=Barczyk|imię=Kazimierz|tytuł=Obywatelskie Inicjatywy Ustawodawcze Solidarności 1980–1990|wydawca=Kancelaria Sejmu|miejsce=Warszawa|data=2001|isbn=83-7059-503-0|nazwisko2=Grodziski|imię2=Stanisław|nazwisko3=Grzybowski|imię3=Stefan|url=http://www.coiu.pl/media/download/Obywatelskie_inicjatywy_ustawodawcze_Solidarnosci_1980-1990.pdf|data dostępu=2015-10-09}}</ref>.
In October 1980 he became a member of the independent trade union "Solidarity".<ref name="muzeum">{{cite web|title=Walerian Pańko|url=http://cit.muzeum.brzozow.pl/?page_id=3277|agency=cit.muzeum.brzozow.pl|accessdate=2013-11-22}}</ref> In 1980-1981 he served as Advisor to the solidarity and independent trade union individual farmers "solidarity" during the peasant strikes in Rzeszów and Lower Ustrzyki (he was a co-author of the Ustrzycko agreements). Organized Network Of Company "Solidarity" Of The Leading Work Of Silesia. He presided over a team of Social Agriculture Legislative Council. After the introduction of the martial law in Poland 1981-1983, he was imprisoned from December 13, 1981 to January 16, 1982.<ref name="muzeum" /> Protesting against the actions of the public authorities in February 1982 with the PZPR.<ref name="muzeum" /> He was a participant in the work of the Centre on civil legislative initiatives of solidarity.


==In government==
==In government==


As a representative of the opposition parties took part in the deliberations of The Round Table. In 1989, for the citizens' Committee "Solidarity" on zares Diet of the Polish people's Republic X term, where he took over the Presidency of the Commission of local government and regional policy. He was a co-founder and Vice President of the Foundation for development of democracy. May 23, 1991, he was elected President of the The Supreme Audit Office, or NIK.<ref> {{Polish Monitor | year = 1991 | number = 19 | position = 129}} </ref>. In his last interview, he said about his work as President of NIK: "The nature of the work is far removed from my psycho-physical characteristics. I realize that the nomination was a necessity in the new political system the Sejm and the Senate. There is no what to speak. I am and I'm trying to carry out their tasks as well. I hope that one day will be different, and my contribution to organize an added Polish will count."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zsjasionow.republika.pl/historia.htm|tytuł=Historia naszej miejscowości|opublikowany=zsjasionow.republika.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref>.}}
As a representative of the opposition parties took part in the deliberations of The Round Table. In 1989, for the citizens' Committee "Solidarity" on zares Diet of the Polish people's Republic X term, where he took over the Presidency of the Commission of local government and regional policy. He was a co-founder and Vice President of the Foundation for development of democracy. May 23, 1991, he was elected President of the Supreme Audit Office, or NIK. In his last interview, he said about his work as President of NIK: "The nature of the work is far removed from my psycho-physical characteristics. I realize that the nomination was a necessity in the new political system the Sejm and the Senate. There is no what to speak. I am and I'm trying to carry out their tasks as well. I hope that one day will be different, and my contribution to organize an added Polish will count.".


==Death==
==Death==


On the morning of October 7, 1991<ref name="History_NIK">{{cite web|title=History of the Supreme Audit Office|url=https://www.nik.gov.pl/en/about-us/history/|website=nik.gov.pl|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref> in Słostowicach on the rapid movement of the Warsaw-Katowice came to crash the Government which Lancia traveled Walerian Pańko, his wife Ursula and the Director of the information Office of the Sejm Chancellery Janusz<ref name="dorzeczy">{{cytuj stronę|url=http://dorzeczy.pl/winni-ciagle-sa-na-szczytach-wladzy/|tytuł=Winni ciągle są na szczytach władzy|opublikowany=dorzeczy.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-29}}</ref>, Zaporizhia with oncoming from the opposite direction by car. Walerian Pańko, going from Warsaw to Katowice to lecture, suffered as a result of this accident. on October 11, was buried on the cemetery in Jasionowie<ref>{{cytuj stronę|url=http://epodkarpacie.com/index.php?page=guide&main_guide_id=60&usection_id=328|tytuł=Powiat Brzozowski|opublikowany=epodkarpacie.com|data dostępu=2012-07-29}}</ref>. A proper funeral mass he celebrated ordinary of the Diocese of Przemysl Ignacy Tokarczuk.
On the morning of October 7, 1991 in Słostowice<ref name="History_NIK">{{cite web|title=History of the Supreme Audit Office|url=https://www.nik.gov.pl/en/about-us/history/|website=nik.gov.pl|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref> on the rapid movement road connecting Warsaw with [[Katowice]] a crash occurred of the government Lancia, in which Walerian Pańko, his wife Urszula, and Janusz Zaporski, the Director of the Information Office of the [[Sejm]] Chancellery,<ref name="dorzeczy">{{cite web|title=Winni ciągle są na szczytach władzy|url=http://dorzeczy.pl/winni-ciagle-sa-na-szczytach-wladzy/|agency=dorzeczy.pl|accessdate=2013-11-29}}</ref> were travelling, with an oncoming BMW car. Walerian Pańko, who was going from Warsaw to Katowice to deliver a lecture, suffered severe injuries, and as a result of this accident he died shortly after. On October 11 he was buried in the cemetery in Jasionowie.<ref>{{cite web|title=Powiat Brzozowski|url=http://epodkarpacie.com/index.php?page=guide&main_guide_id=60&usection_id=328|agency=epodkarpacie.com|accessdate=2012-07-29}}</ref> A funeral mass was celebrated by the ordinary of the Diocese of Przemysl, Ignacy Tokarczuk.


The circumstances of his death and further events aroused some doubts raised especially by his wife, which have not been resolved.<ref name=History_NIK/> Concern in particular the testimony of the witnesses, in which he has appeared in recital with explosion purported to be a clash, and vehicles operated by NIK at that time called proceeding. FOZZ affair (Walerian Pańko suffered death on the four days before he was to submit a report related to FOZZ affair<ref name="muzeum" /><ref>{{cytuj stronę|url=http://www.frdl.katowice.pl/component/content/article/6-aktualnosci/259-sejmik-upamitni-prof-waleriana-paki.html|tytuł=Sejmik upamiętnił prof. Waleriana Pańkę|opublikowany=frdl.katowice.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref>). The investigation did not confirm these versions. On the basis of m.in. experts determined that the cause of the accident was incorrect execution of POWs by the driver of the President NIK maneuver of turning left at excessive speed<ref name="polityka">{{Cytuj stronę|url=http://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/historia/1631229,1,zginal-czlowiek-ktory-wiedzial-duzo-moze-za-duzo-kulisy-smierci-prezesa-nik.read|tytuł=Zbyt zwykły wypadek|data=1 września 2015|autor=Joanna Podgórska|opublikowany=polityka.pl|data dostępu=2015-09-13}}</ref>. The Government of the Lancia driver, Government Protection Bureau officer, and was validly sentenced to deprivation of liberty with a conditional suspension of its execution, and then pardoned by decision of the President Aleksander Kwaśniewski.
The circumstances of his death and further events aroused some doubts which have not been resolved.<ref name=History_NIK/> These doubts are backed in particular by the testimony of the witnesses, especially by his wife, claiming that there was an explosion heard. According to his wife, who was travelling in the first seat, the speed of the car was not high for this type of road and car (around 90&nbsp;km/h [55.9&nbsp;mph]). Moreover, his death came four days before he was to present and submit in Sejm a report related to FOZZ scandal <ref name="muzeum" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Sejmik upamiętnił prof. Waleriana Pańkę|url=http://www.frdl.katowice.pl/component/content/article/6-aktualnosci/259-sejmik-upamitni-prof-waleriana-paki.html|agency=frdl.katowice.pl|accessdate=2013-11-22}}</ref>). Two policemen of the highway patrol who appeared as the first law officials on the spot of accident drowned six months later during a fishing trip.


The official investigation did not confirm these versions. It was claimed that the cause of the accident was an incorrect execution of the turning left maneuver at excessive speed by the driver of the car.<ref name="polityka">{{cite web|title=Zbyt zwykły wypadek|url=http://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/historia/1631229,1,zginal-czlowiek-ktory-wiedzial-duzo-moze-za-duzo-kulisy-smierci-prezesa-nik.read|author=Joanna Podgórska|agency=polityka.pl|date=1 September 2015|accessdate=2015-09-13}}</ref> The driver of the government Lancia, an officer of the Government Protection Bureau, was sentenced to prison with a conditional suspension of its execution, and then he was pardoned by a decision of the President of Poland, [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]].
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==The FOZZ affair, the Marriott Brigade, and USA's SEED Act==


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==The FOZZ scandal, the Marriott Brigade, and USA's SEED Act==
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The report that Walerian Panko was to submit the week of his death is a classified report on the so-called FOZZ affair, which questions the outcome of Western aid in Poland at the time. The FOZZ affair is documented as broad case of public and private corruption.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Andrzej Zybertowicz|author2=Maria Los|title=Privatizing the Police-State: The Case of Poland|date=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|page=165|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsFyCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq=fozz+affair+poland&source=bl&ots=WPeMk3iC19&sig=WRAA0AhfWI5rWza1GKnVFRdD4UY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjwxcPDzMXLAhWTuB4KHUEoC2AQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=fozz%20affair%20poland&f=false|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Engelberg|first1=Stephen|title=Poland's New Climate Yields Bumper Crop of Corruption|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/12/business/poland-s-new-climate-yields-bumper-crop-of-corruption.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=The New York Times|date=12 Nov 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Crawford, Jr.|first1=William B.|title=Poland Claims It Was Bilked|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1992-08-05/business/9203100590_1_polish-foreign-debt-suit|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=Chicago Tribune|date=5 Aug 1992}}</ref>


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The report that Walerian Panko was to submit the week of his death is a classified report on the so-called FOZZ scandal, in which Poland bought back its own debt, discounted, through a confidential third party. The FOZZ scandal is documented as broad case of public and private corruption.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Andrzej Zybertowicz|author2=Maria Los|title=Privatizing the Police-State: The Case of Poland|date=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|page=165|isbn=9780230511699|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SsFyCwAAQBAJ&q=fozz+scandal+poland&pg=PA165|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Engelberg|first1=Stephen|title=Poland's New Climate Yields Bumper Crop of Corruption|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/12/business/poland-s-new-climate-yields-bumper-crop-of-corruption.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=The New York Times|date=12 Nov 1991}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Crawford, Jr.|first1=William B.|title=Poland Claims It Was Bilked|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1992/08/05/poland-claims-it-was-bilked/|access-date=16 March 2016|work=Chicago Tribune|date=5 Aug 1992}}</ref>
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In a Wall Street Journal article by [[Janine Wedel]] in January 1992, this report 'concluded that accepting the recommendations of consulting firms with respect to asset valuations sometimes resulted in significant losses for enterprises and "serious violations of the interest of the state treasury."'<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wedel|first1=Janine|title=Beware Western Governments Bearing Gifts|url=http://janinewedel.info/topic_poland_WSJournal92.pdf|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=14 Jan 1992}}</ref> The Polish press gave these consulting firms the derisive title "the Marriott Brigade" because they seemed to spend their time mostly in hotels without really helping the local economy.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wedel|first1=Janine|title=Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe|date=2001|page=45|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGNpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=%22marriott+brigade%22&source=bl&ots=ZQZMnRM_K8&sig=Wa7_Uuu1sQCugCh0eOJgJXPPkGE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjE5NWfx8XLAhUEwmMKHdkBARAQ6AEILjAD#v=onepage&q=%22marriott%20brigade%22&f=false|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=W. Slater|author2=A. Wilson|title=The Legacy of the Soviet Union|date=2004|publisher=Springer|page=107|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GjhaCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=%22marriott+brigade%22&source=bl&ots=UiofJFa7h4&sig=2X039diMvtuS9J9WNJByaHTS4PE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjE5NWfx8XLAhUEwmMKHdkBARAQ6AEIMTAE#v=onepage&q=%22marriott%20brigade%22&f=false|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref> This was about the same time that Western countries were attempting to privatize the economies of many former-USSR countries through programs such as USA's SEED Act.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enterprise Funds Association|url=http://www.seedact.com/|website=SEED act .com|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref>


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Accounting and business consulting firms from the United States and Western Europe played a part in the FOZZ scandal. In a Wall Street Journal article by [[Janine Wedel]] in January 1992, this report 'concluded that accepting the recommendations of consulting firms with respect to asset valuations sometimes resulted in significant losses for enterprises and "serious violations of the interest of the state treasury."'<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wedel|first1=Janine|title=Beware Western Governments Bearing Gifts|url=http://janinewedel.info/topic_poland_WSJournal92.pdf|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=The Wall Street Journal|date=14 Jan 1992}}</ref> The Polish press gave these consulting firms the derisive title "the Marriott Brigade" because they seemed to spend their time mostly in hotels without really helping the local economy.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wedel|first1=Janine|title=Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe|date=2001|page=45|isbn=9781466892255|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kGNpBgAAQBAJ&q=%22marriott+brigade%22&pg=PA45|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=W. Slater|author2=A. Wilson|title=The Legacy of the Soviet Union|date=2004|publisher=Springer|page=107|isbn=9780230524408|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GjhaCwAAQBAJ&q=%22marriott+brigade%22&pg=PA107|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref> This was about the same time that Western countries were attempting to privatize the economies of many former-USSR countries through programs such as USA's SEED Act.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enterprise Funds Association|url=http://www.seedact.com/|website=SEED act .com|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref>
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Grzegorz Żemek was released from prison in 2014 on FOZZ charges.<ref>{{cite news|title=Żemek, "hero" of the FOZZ affair, conditionally released from prison|url=http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/zemek-bohater-afery-fozz-warunkowo-wychodzi-z-wiezienia,312634.html|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=TVN24|date=18 Mar 2013}}</ref> The statute of limitations may have passed for all the charges related to other culprits of the FOZZ affair.<ref>{{cite news|title=Poland's largest corruption scandal to end in no conclusion|url=http://www.balticbusinessnews.com/?PublicationId=bd78f9da-cf26-4c73-a71e-be25999a6c89|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=Baltic Business News|date=7 January 2002}}</ref>


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Grzegorz Żemek was released from prison in 2014 on FOZZ charges.<ref>{{cite news|title=Żemek, "hero" of the FOZZ scandal, conditionally released from prison|url=http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/zemek-bohater-afery-fozz-warunkowo-wychodzi-z-wiezienia,312634.html|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=TVN24|date=18 Mar 2013}}</ref> The statute of limitations may have passed for all the charges related to other culprits of the FOZZ scandal.<ref>{{cite news|title=Poland's largest corruption scandal to end in no conclusion|url=http://www.balticbusinessnews.com/?PublicationId=bd78f9da-cf26-4c73-a71e-be25999a6c89|accessdate=16 March 2016|work=Baltic Business News|date=7 January 2002}}</ref>
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== Selected Publications ==

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==Selected publications==
* ''Dzierżawa gruntów rolnych'', PWN, OXFORD, 1975
* ''Dzierżawa gruntów rolnych'', PWN, OXFORD, 1975
* ''O prawie własności i jego współczesnych funkcjach'', Wyd. UŚ, Katowice 1984
* ''O prawie własności i jego współczesnych funkcjach'', Wyd. UŚ, Katowice 1984
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* ''Wybór pory wyborów. Felietony z lat 1990–1991'', From the Sejm, Warsaw 2001
* ''Wybór pory wyborów. Felietony z lat 1990–1991'', From the Sejm, Warsaw 2001


== Awards, distinctions, commemoration of ==
== Awards, distinctions, commemoration of == in 1978 received the Golden [[order of merit]] <ref> [http://bs.sejm.gov.pl/F? func = find-b request 000003015 = & & find_code = & local_base = ARS10 Parliamentary Library profile]. [accessed 13-12-08]. </ref>. In 2009, ' ' outstanding achievement in acting from the scope of State control and the strengthening of the rule of law, for his contribution in the activities for the benefit of the democratic transformations in Poland, Valerian Panko was by the President of the [[Lech Kaczyński | Lech Kaczynski]] [[Commander posthumously awarded the Order of the rebirth of Polish | The order of the rebirth of Polish]] <ref> {{Polish Monitor | year = 2009 | number = 32 | position = 449}}</ref>. He was posthumously awarded by 2015 [[Odznaka Honorowa za Zasługi dla Samorządu Terytorialnego|Badge of honour for services to local government]]<ref>{{Cytuj stronę | url = https://mac.gov.pl/aktualnosci/glowna-maksyma-dzisiejszego-spotkania-jest-labor-omnia-vincit-praca-wszystko-zwycieza | tytuł = Główną maksymą dzisiejszego spotkania jest „Labor omnia vincit – praca wszystko zwycięża” – minister Andrzej Halicki podczas konferencji „Od Solidarności do Samorządności” | data = 28 sierpnia 2015 | opublikowany = mac.gov.pl | data dostępu = 2015-09-05}}</ref>.
In 1978, he received the Golden [[order of merit]].<ref>[http://bs.sejm.gov.pl/F? func = find-b request 000003015 = & & find_code = & local_base = ARS10 Parliamentary Library profile]. [accessed 13-12-08].</ref> In 2009, outstanding achievement in acting from the scope of State control and the strengthening of the rule of law, for his contribution in the activities for the benefit of the democratic transformations in Poland, Valerian Panko was by the President of the [[Lech Kaczyński|Lech Kaczynski]] [[Commander posthumously awarded the Order of the rebirth of Polish|The order of the rebirth of Polish]]. He was posthumously awarded by 2015 [[Odznaka Honorowa za Zasługi dla Samorządu Terytorialnego|Badge of honour for services to local government]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Główną maksymą dzisiejszego spotkania jest "Labor omnia vincit – praca wszystko zwycięża" – minister Andrzej Halicki podczas konferencji "Od Solidarności do Samorządności"|url=https://mac.gov.pl/aktualnosci/glowna-maksyma-dzisiejszego-spotkania-jest-labor-omnia-vincit-praca-wszystko-zwycieza|agency=mac.gov.pl|date=28 August 2015|accessdate=2015-09-05}}</ref>


W 2009 pośmiertnie otrzymał tytuł „Honorowego obywatela miasta Brzozowa”<ref>{{cytuj stronę|url=http://brzozow24.pl/2009/05/30/dni-brzozowa-2009-dzien-drugi.html|tytuł=Dni Brzozowa – dzień drugi|data=2009-05-30|opublikowany=brzozow24.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref>. W piątą rocznicę śmierci w kościele parafialnym pw. Miłosierdzia Bożego w rodzinnym Turzym Polu odsłonięto tablicę pamiątkową poświęconą Walerianowi Pańce, a w Brzozowie ulicę Szkolną przemianowano na ulicę jego imienia<ref>{{cytuj stronę|url=http://gu.us.edu.pl/node/200801|tytuł=Prof. dr hab. WALERIAN PAŃKO|data=1996-10-07|opublikowany=gu.us.edu.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref>. Ponadto w Turzym Polu patronat jego imienia przyjęły placówki edukacyjne: szkoła podstawowa i następnie zespół szkół<ref>{{cytuj stronę|url=http://www.solidarnosc.us.edu.pl/viewpage.php?page_id=1105|tytuł=Profesor Walerian Pańko|opublikowany=solidarnosc.us.edu.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref>, a w 2011 gimnazjum<ref name="10lat">{{cytuj stronę|url=http://www.frdl.katowice.pl/component/content/article/6-aktualnosci/220-walerian-pako-to-ju-20-lat-20111016.html|tytuł=Walerian Pańko – to już 20 lat...|data=2011-10-16|opublikowany=frdl.katowice.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cytuj stronę|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20141006090403/http://www.zsturzepole.edu.pl/http:/www.zsturzepole.edu.pl/aktualnosci/1177|tytuł=Uroczystość nadania Gimnazjum w Turzym Polu imienia Waleriana Pańki|opublikowany=zsturzepole.edu.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref>. W Katowicach powstał Ośrodek Kształcenia Samorządu Terytorialnego im. Waleriana Pańki, w budynku którego umieszczono tablicę upamiętniającą profesora<ref>{{cytuj stronę|url=http://www.frdl.katowice.pl/praca.html|tytuł=Walerian Pańko|opublikowany=frdl.katowice.pl|data dostępu=2013-11-22}}</ref>.
W 2009 pośmiertnie otrzymał tytuł "Honorowego obywatela miasta Brzozowa".<ref>{{cite web|title=Dni Brzozowa – dzień drugi|url=http://brzozow24.pl/2009/05/30/dni-brzozowa-2009-dzien-drugi.html|agency=brzozow24.pl|date=2009-05-30|accessdate=2013-11-22}}</ref> W piątą rocznicę śmierci w kościele parafialnym pw. Miłosierdzia Bożego w rodzinnym Turzym Polu odsłonięto tablicę pamiątkową poświęconą Walerianowi Pańce, a w Brzozowie ulicę Szkolną przemianowano na ulicę jego imienia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Prof. dr hab. WALERIAN PAŃKO|url=http://gu.us.edu.pl/node/200801|agency=gu.us.edu.pl|date=1996-10-07|accessdate=2013-11-22}}</ref> Ponadto w Turzym Polu patronat jego imienia przyjęły placówki edukacyjne: szkoła podstawowa i następnie zespół szkół,<ref>{{cite web|title=Profesor Walerian Pańko|url=http://www.solidarnosc.us.edu.pl/viewpage.php?page_id=1105|agency=solidarnosc.us.edu.pl|accessdate=2013-11-22}}</ref> a w 2011 gimnazjum.<ref name="10lat">{{cite web|title=Walerian Pańko – to już 20 lat...|url=http://www.frdl.katowice.pl/component/content/article/6-aktualnosci/220-walerian-pako-to-ju-20-lat-20111016.html|agency=frdl.katowice.pl|date=2011-10-16|accessdate=2013-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Uroczystość nadania Gimnazjum w Turzym Polu imienia Waleriana Pańki|url=http://www.zsturzepole.edu.pl/http:/www.zsturzepole.edu.pl/aktualnosci/1177|agency=zsturzepole.edu.pl|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090403/http://www.zsturzepole.edu.pl/http:/www.zsturzepole.edu.pl/aktualnosci/1177|archivedate=October 6, 2014|accessdate=2013-11-22}}</ref> W Katowicach powstał Ośrodek Kształcenia Samorządu Terytorialnego im. Waleriana Pańki, w budynku którego umieszczono tablicę upamiętniającą profesora.<ref>{{cite web|title=Walerian Pańko|url=http://www.frdl.katowice.pl/praca.html|agency=frdl.katowice.pl|accessdate=2013-11-22}}</ref>


== Bibliography ==
{{Przypisy|2}}
⚫
* Snoch, Bogdan. 'Biographical Lexicon Of Upper Silesia. Supplement to the issue of the second. 2006, pages 87–88. {{ISBN|83-60353-11-5}}

⚫
* ''Tajemnica. Rozmowa z Urszulą Pańko, wdową po tragicznie zmarłym prezesie Najwyższej Izby Kontroli, prof. Walerianie Pańko'', Tygodnik "TAK" nr 27(32) z 18 września 1992
== Bibliografia ==
⚫
* Snoch, Bogdan. 'Biographical Lexicon Of Upper Silesia. Supplement to the issue of the second. 2006, pages 87–88. ISBN 83-60353-11-5
⚫
* ''Tajemnica. Rozmowa z Urszulą Pańko, wdową po tragicznie zmarłym prezesie Najwyższej Izby Kontroli, prof. Walerianie Pańko'', Tygodnik „TAK” nr 27(32) z 18 września 1992
* [http://orka.sejm.gov.pl/ArchAll2.nsf/X/297 Strona sejmowa posła X kadencji]. [dostęp 2012-07-29].
* [http://orka.sejm.gov.pl/ArchAll2.nsf/X/297 Strona sejmowa posła X kadencji]. [dostęp 2012-07-29].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110424110813/http://ludzie.wprost.pl/sylwetka/Walerian-Panko Walerian Pańko w serwisie „Ludzie Wprost”]. [dostęp 2012-07-29].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110424110813/http://ludzie.wprost.pl/sylwetka/Walerian-Panko Walerian Pańko w serwisie "Ludzie Wprost"]. [dostęp 2012-07-29].

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panko, Walerian}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Brzozów County]]
[[Category:People from the General Government]]
[[Category:Polish United Workers' Party members]]
[[Category:Members of the Contract Sejm]]
[[Category:Polish dissidents]]
[[Category:Polish Round Table Talks participants]]
[[Category:20th-century Polish lawyers]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Silesia in Katowice]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold Cross of Merit (Poland)]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in Poland]]

Latest revision as of 04:29, 11 September 2024

Janusz Walerian Pańko (born. October 8, 1941 in Turze Pole – October 7, 1991 in Słostowice) was a Polish lawyer, and professor of legal science. An activist of the democratic opposition during the People's Republic of Poland, a member of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (X term), he died while serving as president of the NIK, Poland's Supreme Audit Office.

Political involvement

[edit]

In October 1980 he became a member of the independent trade union "Solidarity".[1] In 1980-1981 he served as Advisor to the solidarity and independent trade union individual farmers "solidarity" during the peasant strikes in Rzeszów and Lower Ustrzyki (he was a co-author of the Ustrzycko agreements). Organized Network Of Company "Solidarity" Of The Leading Work Of Silesia. He presided over a team of Social Agriculture Legislative Council. After the introduction of the martial law in Poland 1981-1983, he was imprisoned from December 13, 1981 to January 16, 1982.[1] Protesting against the actions of the public authorities in February 1982 with the PZPR.[1] He was a participant in the work of the Centre on civil legislative initiatives of solidarity.

In government

[edit]

As a representative of the opposition parties took part in the deliberations of The Round Table. In 1989, for the citizens' Committee "Solidarity" on zares Diet of the Polish people's Republic X term, where he took over the Presidency of the Commission of local government and regional policy. He was a co-founder and Vice President of the Foundation for development of democracy. May 23, 1991, he was elected President of the Supreme Audit Office, or NIK. In his last interview, he said about his work as President of NIK: "The nature of the work is far removed from my psycho-physical characteristics. I realize that the nomination was a necessity in the new political system the Sejm and the Senate. There is no what to speak. I am and I'm trying to carry out their tasks as well. I hope that one day will be different, and my contribution to organize an added Polish will count.".

Death

[edit]

On the morning of October 7, 1991 in Słostowice[2] on the rapid movement road connecting Warsaw with Katowice a crash occurred of the government Lancia, in which Walerian Pańko, his wife Urszula, and Janusz Zaporski, the Director of the Information Office of the Sejm Chancellery,[3] were travelling, with an oncoming BMW car. Walerian Pańko, who was going from Warsaw to Katowice to deliver a lecture, suffered severe injuries, and as a result of this accident he died shortly after. On October 11 he was buried in the cemetery in Jasionowie.[4] A funeral mass was celebrated by the ordinary of the Diocese of Przemysl, Ignacy Tokarczuk.

The circumstances of his death and further events aroused some doubts which have not been resolved.[2] These doubts are backed in particular by the testimony of the witnesses, especially by his wife, claiming that there was an explosion heard. According to his wife, who was travelling in the first seat, the speed of the car was not high for this type of road and car (around 90 km/h [55.9 mph]). Moreover, his death came four days before he was to present and submit in Sejm a report related to FOZZ scandal [1][5]). Two policemen of the highway patrol who appeared as the first law officials on the spot of accident drowned six months later during a fishing trip.

The official investigation did not confirm these versions. It was claimed that the cause of the accident was an incorrect execution of the turning left maneuver at excessive speed by the driver of the car.[6] The driver of the government Lancia, an officer of the Government Protection Bureau, was sentenced to prison with a conditional suspension of its execution, and then he was pardoned by a decision of the President of Poland, Aleksander Kwaśniewski.

The FOZZ scandal, the Marriott Brigade, and USA's SEED Act

[edit]

The report that Walerian Panko was to submit the week of his death is a classified report on the so-called FOZZ scandal, in which Poland bought back its own debt, discounted, through a confidential third party. The FOZZ scandal is documented as broad case of public and private corruption.[7][8][9]

Accounting and business consulting firms from the United States and Western Europe played a part in the FOZZ scandal. In a Wall Street Journal article by Janine Wedel in January 1992, this report 'concluded that accepting the recommendations of consulting firms with respect to asset valuations sometimes resulted in significant losses for enterprises and "serious violations of the interest of the state treasury."'[10] The Polish press gave these consulting firms the derisive title "the Marriott Brigade" because they seemed to spend their time mostly in hotels without really helping the local economy.[11][12] This was about the same time that Western countries were attempting to privatize the economies of many former-USSR countries through programs such as USA's SEED Act.[13]

Grzegorz Żemek was released from prison in 2014 on FOZZ charges.[14] The statute of limitations may have passed for all the charges related to other culprits of the FOZZ scandal.[15]

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Dzierżawa gruntów rolnych, PWN, OXFORD, 1975
  • O prawie własności i jego współczesnych funkcjach, Wyd. UŚ, Katowice 1984
  • Własność gruntowa w planowej gospodarce przestrzennej. Studium prawne, Wyd. UŚ, Katowice 1978
  • Wybór pory wyborów. Felietony z lat 1990–1991, From the Sejm, Warsaw 2001

Awards, distinctions, commemoration of

[edit]

In 1978, he received the Golden order of merit.[16] In 2009, outstanding achievement in acting from the scope of State control and the strengthening of the rule of law, for his contribution in the activities for the benefit of the democratic transformations in Poland, Valerian Panko was by the President of the Lech Kaczynski The order of the rebirth of Polish. He was posthumously awarded by 2015 Badge of honour for services to local government.[17]

W 2009 pośmiertnie otrzymał tytuł "Honorowego obywatela miasta Brzozowa".[18] W piątą rocznicę śmierci w kościele parafialnym pw. Miłosierdzia Bożego w rodzinnym Turzym Polu odsłonięto tablicę pamiątkową poświęconą Walerianowi Pańce, a w Brzozowie ulicę Szkolną przemianowano na ulicę jego imienia.[19] Ponadto w Turzym Polu patronat jego imienia przyjęły placówki edukacyjne: szkoła podstawowa i następnie zespół szkół,[20] a w 2011 gimnazjum.[21][22] W Katowicach powstał Ośrodek Kształcenia Samorządu Terytorialnego im. Waleriana Pańki, w budynku którego umieszczono tablicę upamiętniającą profesora.[23]

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Snoch, Bogdan. 'Biographical Lexicon Of Upper Silesia. Supplement to the issue of the second. 2006, pages 87–88. ISBN 83-60353-11-5
  • Tajemnica. Rozmowa z Urszulą Pańko, wdową po tragicznie zmarłym prezesie Najwyższej Izby Kontroli, prof. Walerianie Pańko, Tygodnik "TAK" nr 27(32) z 18 września 1992
  • Strona sejmowa posła X kadencji. [dostęp 2012-07-29].
  • Walerian Pańko w serwisie "Ludzie Wprost". [dostęp 2012-07-29].

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Walerian Pańko". cit.muzeum.brzozow.pl. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  2. ^ a b "History of the Supreme Audit Office". nik.gov.pl. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  3. ^ "Winni ciągle są na szczytach władzy". dorzeczy.pl. Retrieved 2013-11-29.
  4. ^ "Powiat Brzozowski". epodkarpacie.com. Retrieved 2012-07-29.
  5. ^ "Sejmik upamiętnił prof. Waleriana Pańkę". frdl.katowice.pl. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  6. ^ Joanna Podgórska (1 September 2015). "Zbyt zwykły wypadek". polityka.pl. Retrieved 2015-09-13.
  7. ^ Andrzej Zybertowicz; Maria Los (2016). Privatizing the Police-State: The Case of Poland. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 165. ISBN 9780230511699. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  8. ^ Engelberg, Stephen (12 Nov 1991). "Poland's New Climate Yields Bumper Crop of Corruption". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  9. ^ Crawford, Jr., William B. (5 Aug 1992). "Poland Claims It Was Bilked". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  10. ^ Wedel, Janine (14 Jan 1992). "Beware Western Governments Bearing Gifts" (PDF). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  11. ^ Wedel, Janine (2001). Collision and Collusion: The Strange Case of Western Aid to Eastern Europe. p. 45. ISBN 9781466892255. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  12. ^ W. Slater; A. Wilson (2004). The Legacy of the Soviet Union. Springer. p. 107. ISBN 9780230524408. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  13. ^ "Enterprise Funds Association". SEED act .com. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  14. ^ "Żemek, "hero" of the FOZZ scandal, conditionally released from prison". TVN24. 18 Mar 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  15. ^ "Poland's largest corruption scandal to end in no conclusion". Baltic Business News. 7 January 2002. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  16. ^ func = find-b request 000003015 = & & find_code = & local_base = ARS10 Parliamentary Library profile. [accessed 13-12-08].
  17. ^ "Główną maksymą dzisiejszego spotkania jest "Labor omnia vincit – praca wszystko zwycięża" – minister Andrzej Halicki podczas konferencji "Od Solidarności do Samorządności"". mac.gov.pl. 28 August 2015. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
  18. ^ "Dni Brzozowa – dzień drugi". brzozow24.pl. 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  19. ^ "Prof. dr hab. WALERIAN PAŃKO". gu.us.edu.pl. 1996-10-07. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  20. ^ "Profesor Walerian Pańko". solidarnosc.us.edu.pl. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  21. ^ "Walerian Pańko – to już 20 lat..." frdl.katowice.pl. 2011-10-16. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  22. ^ "Uroczystość nadania Gimnazjum w Turzym Polu imienia Waleriana Pańki". zsturzepole.edu.pl. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
  23. ^ "Walerian Pańko". frdl.katowice.pl. Retrieved 2013-11-22.
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