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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
⚫
| image = OriolusSteeriiKeulemans.jpg
| image = Philippine Oriole.jpg
| status = LC
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref>{{IUCN|id=22706372 |title=''Oriolus steerii'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Oriolus steerii'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22706372A94066348 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22706372A94066348.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| genus = Oriolus
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| species = steerii
⚫
| authority = [[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1877
| classis = [[Aves]]
⚫
| synonyms = * ''Broderipus acrorhynchus''<ref name = "Proceedings"/>
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
⚫
* ''Oriolus acrorhynchus''<ref name = "Proceedings"/>
| familia = [[Oriolidae]]
| genus = ''[[Oriolus]]''
* ''Oriolus xanthonotus steerii''
| species = '''''O. steerii'''''
* ''Xanthonotus steerii''
| binomial = ''Oriolus steerii''
⚫
| binomial_authority = ([[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1877)
⚫
| synonyms = ''Oriolus acrorhynchus''<ref name = "Proceedings"/><br />
⚫
''Broderipus acrorhynchus''<ref name = "Proceedings"/>
}}
}}


The '''Philippine oriole''' (''Oriolus steerii'') is a species of [[bird]] in the [[Oriolidae]] family.
The '''Philippine oriole''' ('''''Oriolus steerii''''') or '''grey-throated oriole''' is a species of [[bird]] in the family [[Oriolidae]].
It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Philippines]].
It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the Philippine found on [[Mindanao]] and most of the [[Visayan Islands|Visayan Islands.]]


Its natural [[habitat]] is subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s. Though the species is fairly common throughout its range, the Cebu race (''O. s. assimilis'') has not been sighted since 1906 and is believed [[extinct]]; with the near-total lack of forest on the island, this does not seem impossible.
Its natural [[habitat]] is tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s. The species is fairly common throughout its range, but the Cebu race (''O. s. assimilis'') was last sighted in 1906 and is now classified as [[extinct]].


⚫
[[File:OriolusSteeriiKeulemans.jpg|left|thumb]]
==Systematics==
First described by [[Richard Bowdler Sharpe]] in 1877, the Philippine oriole is a member of the genus ''[[Oriolus]]''. It is sometimes considered to be [[conspecific]] with the [[dark-throated oriole]].<ref name = "SibleyMonroe"/>


==Description and diet==
== Description and taxonomy ==
[[EBird]] describes the bird as "Medium-sized brownish swiftlet with a weakly forked tail. Found only in the Philippine lowlands. Typically encountered alone or in loose groups over various open habitats, often soaring high. Fairly uniform brown plumage, lack of a pale rump, and size distinguish this species from most others in the area; Philippine Swiftlet is the most similar but is smaller, has a more square-tipped tail, and generally favors higher elevations (typically 700 meters and above)."
The Philippine oriole is a yellowish-brown bird with mainly thin feathers on the upper side of its body, a red beak and red eyes as well. These species, as much like with other [[Oriolus|orioles]], tend to have a diet of mainly grass flowers and food of the like.


First described by [[Richard Bowdler Sharpe]] in 1877, the Philippine oriole is a member of the genus ''[[Oriolus]]''. Some authorities have considered it to be [[conspecific]] with, or as a subspecies of, the [[dark-throated oriole]].<ref name="SibleyMonroe" /> These two species may form a [[Species complex|superspecies]] with the [[Isabela oriole]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dark-throated Oriole (Oriolus xanthonotus) |url=http://www.hbw.com/species/dark-throated-oriole-oriolus-xanthonotus |access-date=2017-02-24 |website=www.hbw.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Distribution==
Endemic to the [[Philippines]], the Philippine oriole is found in forest, forest edge and second growth in the lowlands of Masbate, Samar, Leyte, Negros, Bohol, Mindanao, Basilan and the Sulu Archipelago.<ref name = "SibleyMonroe"/>


===Subspecies===
==References==<!-- FieldianaZool114:1. Forktail14:82. -->
Five [[subspecies]] are recognized:<ref>{{Cite journal |title=IOC World Bird List 7.1 |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ioc-lists/crossref |journal=IOC World Bird List Datasets |doi=10.14344/ioc.ml.7.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
⚫
{{reflist |refs =
* ''O. s. samarensis'' - <small>[[Joseph Beal Steere|Steere]], 1890</small>: Found on [[Samar]], [[Leyte]], [[Bohol]] and eastern [[Mindanao]]
* †'''Cebu dark-throated oriole''' (''O. s. assimilis'') - <small>[[Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale|Tweeddale]], 1878</small>: Originally described as a separate species. Formerly found on [[Cebu]]
* ''O. s. steerii'' - <small>[[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1877</small>: Found on [[Masbate]] and [[Negros (Philippines)|Negros]]
* ''O. s. basilanicus'' - <small>[[William Robert Ogilvie-Grant|Ogilvie-Grant]], 1896</small>: Found on [[Basilan]] and western Mindanao
* ''O. s. cinereogenys'' - <small>[[Frank Swift Bourns|Bourns]] & [[Dean Conant Worcester|Worcester]], 1894</small>: Found in the [[Sulu Archipelago]]

== Ecology and behavior ==
Its diet has not yet been recorded but it is presumed to feed on insects, fruits, nectar and berries. Occurs singly, in small groups or with mixed-species flocks of other medium sized birds like [[Bar-bellied cuckooshrike]], [[Black-bibbed cicadabird]] and [[Philippine leafbird]].

There is no information about its breeding habits and nesting.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Walther |first=Bruno |last2=Jones |first2=Peter |last3=Kirwan |first3=Guy M. |date=2020 |title=Philippine Oriole (Oriolus steerii), version 1.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/phiori1/1.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.phiori1.01species_shared.bow.project_name |issn=2771-3105}}</ref>

== Habitat and conservation status ==
This species habitat is primary and secondary forest up to 1,200 meters above sea level.

IUCN has assessed this bird as [[least-concern species]] with the population believed to be stable. However, [[Deforestation in the Philippines|deforestation]] in the Philippines continues throughout the country due to slash and burn farming, mining, illegal logging and habitat conversion. This species is still trapped for the pet trade.

It is found in multiple protected areas such as [[Pasonanca Natural Park]], [[Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape]], [[Northern Negros Natural Park]] and [[Samar Island Natural Park]] but like all areas in the Philippines, protection is lax and deforestation continues despite this protection on paper. <ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22706372/0 |title=Oriolus steerii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22706372A94066348 |last=IUCN |date=2016-10-01 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22706372a94066348.en |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
⚫
{{Reflist |refs =
<ref name = "Proceedings">
<ref name = "Proceedings">
{{ cite book
{{cite book
| author = Arthur, Marquis of Tweedale
| author = Arthur, Marquis of Tweedale
| contribution = Contribution to the Ornithology of the Philippines, No. II
| contribution = Contribution to the Ornithology of the Philippines, No. II
Line 40: Line 55:
| title = Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1877
| title = Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1877
| page = 760
| page = 760
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=EfAKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA760
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EfAKAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA760
| publisher = Zoological Society of London
| publisher = Zoological Society of London
| location = London, England }}
| location = London, England }}
Line 46: Line 61:


<ref name = "SibleyMonroe">
<ref name = "SibleyMonroe">
{{ cite book
{{cite book
| first1 = Charles Gald
| first1 = Charles Gald
| last1 = Sibley
| last1 = Sibley
Line 56: Line 71:
| location = New Haven, CT, USA
| location = New Haven, CT, USA
| page = 478
| page = 478
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Wk-vyrNVAccC&pg=PA478
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk-vyrNVAccC&pg=PA478
| isbn = 978-0-300-04969-5}}
| isbn = 978-0-300-04969-5}}
</ref>
</ref>
}}
}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1585720}}
[[Category:Birds of the Philippines]]

[[Category:Oriolus]]
[[Category:Orioles]]
[[Category:Oriolus|Philippine oriole]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1877]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1877|Philippine oriole]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

Latest revision as of 14:44, 11 September 2024

Philippine oriole
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Oriolidae
Genus: Oriolus
Species:
O. steerii
Binomial name
Oriolus steerii
Sharpe, 1877
Synonyms
  • Broderipus acrorhynchus[2]
  • Oriolus acrorhynchus[2]
  • Oriolus xanthonotus steerii
  • Xanthonotus steerii

The Philippine oriole (Oriolus steerii) or grey-throated oriole is a species of bird in the family Oriolidae. It is endemic to the Philippine found on Mindanao and most of the Visayan Islands.

Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. The species is fairly common throughout its range, but the Cebu race (O. s. assimilis) was last sighted in 1906 and is now classified as extinct.

Description and taxonomy

[edit]

EBird describes the bird as "Medium-sized brownish swiftlet with a weakly forked tail. Found only in the Philippine lowlands. Typically encountered alone or in loose groups over various open habitats, often soaring high. Fairly uniform brown plumage, lack of a pale rump, and size distinguish this species from most others in the area; Philippine Swiftlet is the most similar but is smaller, has a more square-tipped tail, and generally favors higher elevations (typically 700 meters and above)."

First described by Richard Bowdler Sharpe in 1877, the Philippine oriole is a member of the genus Oriolus. Some authorities have considered it to be conspecific with, or as a subspecies of, the dark-throated oriole.[3] These two species may form a superspecies with the Isabela oriole.[4]

Subspecies

[edit]

Five subspecies are recognized:[5]

Ecology and behavior

[edit]

Its diet has not yet been recorded but it is presumed to feed on insects, fruits, nectar and berries. Occurs singly, in small groups or with mixed-species flocks of other medium sized birds like Bar-bellied cuckooshrike, Black-bibbed cicadabird and Philippine leafbird.

There is no information about its breeding habits and nesting.[6]

Habitat and conservation status

[edit]

This species habitat is primary and secondary forest up to 1,200 meters above sea level.

IUCN has assessed this bird as least-concern species with the population believed to be stable. However, deforestation in the Philippines continues throughout the country due to slash and burn farming, mining, illegal logging and habitat conversion. This species is still trapped for the pet trade.

It is found in multiple protected areas such as Pasonanca Natural Park, Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape, Northern Negros Natural Park and Samar Island Natural Park but like all areas in the Philippines, protection is lax and deforestation continues despite this protection on paper. [7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Oriolus steerii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22706372A94066348. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22706372A94066348.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Arthur, Marquis of Tweedale (1877). "Contribution to the Ornithology of the Philippines, No. II". Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1877. London, England: Zoological Society of London. p. 760.
  3. ^ Sibley, Charles Gald; Monroe, Burt Leavelle (1990). Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press. p. 478. ISBN 978-0-300-04969-5.
  4. ^ "Dark-throated Oriole (Oriolus xanthonotus)". www.hbw.com. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
  5. ^ "IOC World Bird List 7.1". IOC World Bird List Datasets. doi:10.14344/ioc.ml.7.1.
  6. ^ Walther, Bruno; Jones, Peter; Kirwan, Guy M. (2020). "Philippine Oriole (Oriolus steerii), version 1.0". Birds of the World. doi:10.2173/bow.phiori1.01species_shared.bow.project_name. ISSN 2771-3105.
  7. ^ IUCN (2016-10-01). Oriolus steerii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22706372A94066348 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22706372a94066348.en.
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