→Climate: Corrected Gampaha's climate type to a tropical rainforest climate, as the driest month still has over 60 mm of rainfall, qualifying it as such, as opposed to a tropical monsoon climate
|image_caption = View of the Gampaha town, Sri Lanka
|image_flag =
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|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Sri Lanka
|subdivision_name = Sri Lanka
|subdivision_type1 = District
|subdivision_type2 = District
|subdivision_name1 = [[Gampaha District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Gampaha District]]
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_title = Chief
|government_type = [[Municipal Council]]
|government_type = [[Municipal Council]]
|leader_name = Eranga Senanyake
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_title1 = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name1 =
|leader_name1 = Eranga Senanyake
|literacy=98.5
|area_magnitude =
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|area_total_km2 =
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==Namesake==
==Namesake==
The name "Gampaha" in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] (ගම්පහ) literally means “Five Villages”. The five villages are known to be Ihalagama, Pahalagama, Medagama, Pattiyagama and Aluthgama. However, at present the location of Pattiyagama can no longer be identified within the town limits of Gampaha and remains disputed. Gampaha was also formerly known as Henarathgoda.
The name "Gampaha" in [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] (ගම්පහ) literally means “Five Villages”. The five villages are known to be Ihalagama, Pahalagama, Medagama, Pattiyagama and [[Aluthgama]]. However, at present the location of Pattiyagama can no longer be identified within the town limits of Gampaha and remains disputed. Gampaha was also formerly known as Henarathgoda.
==History==
==History==
[[File:Gampaha town volleyball.JPG|thumb|left|The former volleyball statue was an iconic landmark in Gampaha. Due to the development program this statue has been moved next to the railway station entrance.]]
[[File:Gampaha town volleyball.JPG|thumb|left|The former volleyball statue was an iconic landmark in Gampaha. Due to the development program this statue has been moved next to the railway station entrance.]]
During reign of Portuguese, the main route to the hill country had been laid through the Gampaha area and in the period of Dutch, this area was served as centre for the collection of cinnamon.<ref name="DS 2">{{cite web| url=http://www.gampaha.ds.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=63&lang=en| title=A Brief Description of Gampaha Secretariat Division| publisher=Gamapaha Divisional Secretariat| date=19 November 2010| access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref> But before year 1815, it is said that Gampaha was a dense forest. The 5th Governor of [[Ceylon]], [[Sir Edward Barnes]] made a visit to Gampaha in 1825, on the way to observe the construction work of the Negombo-Colombo main road. When British built the “Moragoda” catholic church in 1828, Gampaha and surrounding areas slowly became inhabited.
During reign of Portuguese, the main route to the hill country had been laid through the Gampaha area and in the period of Dutch, this area was served as centre for the collection of cinnamon.<ref name="DS 2">{{cite web| url=http://www.gampaha.ds.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=63&lang=en| title=A Brief Description of Gampaha Secretariat Division| publisher=Gamapaha Divisional Secretariat| date=19 November 2010| access-date=21 February 2016| archive-date=14 July 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714111214/http://www.gampaha.ds.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4&Itemid=63&lang=en| url-status=dead}}</ref> But before year 1815, it is said that Gampaha was a dense forest. The 5th Governor of [[Ceylon]], [[Sir Edward Barnes]] made a visit to Gampaha in 1825, on the way to observe the construction work of the Negombo-Colombo main road. When British built the “Moragoda” catholic church in 1828, Gampaha and surrounding areas slowly became inhabited.
As the extension of the railway track from Colombo to Ambepussa, the [[Gampaha railway station|Henarathgoda railway station]] was completed in 1866 which acted as a key factor for the progress and recognition of the town. In 1867, the first rubber tree of Sri Lanka was planted in Henarathgoda botanical garden.
As the extension of the railway track from Colombo to [[Ambepussa]], the [[Gampaha railway station|Henarathgoda railway station]] was completed in 1866 which acted as a key factor for the progress and recognition of the town. In 1867, the first rubber tree of Sri Lanka was planted in Henarathgoda botanical garden.
The town was planned in 1920, with 52 roads including the main street, a water tank, a public market, a hospital and an electrical generator. Most of these are still present in their original sites with various improvements over time.<ref name="event.lk">{{cite web|title=GAMPAHA|url=http://event.lk/venue/view/id/487|publisher=event.lk|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>
The town was planned in 1920, with 52 roads including the main street, a water tank, a public market, a hospital and an electrical generator. Most of these are still present in their original sites with various improvements over time.<ref name="event.lk">{{cite web|title=GAMPAHA|url=http://event.lk/venue/view/id/487|publisher=event.lk|access-date=21 February 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304005024/http://event.lk/venue/view/id/487|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Local Government==
==Local Government==
Gampaha was a village council until 1945. On 1 January that year, the town qualified to become an urban council. The first urban council had 5 members. P.P Jayawardane was the first chairman of the urban council. Total number of workforce in the urban council was 197 persons. In 1978 constitutional reforms declared Gampaha as a new administrative district (which was formerly recognized as a part of the [[Colombo District]]) and the main administrative center was established in Gampaha.<ref name="DS 2" /> The new district status lead the town to a rapid development, establishing new government institutes. On 16 April 2002, the Urban Council was upgraded to become the [[Gampaha Municipal Council]].
Gampaha was a village council until 1945. On 1 January that year, the town qualified to become an urban council. The first urban council had five members. P. P. Jayawardane was the first chairman of the urban council. Total number of workforce in the urban council was 197 persons. In 1978 constitutional reforms declared Gampaha as a new administrative district (which was formerly recognised as a part of the [[Colombo District]]) and the main administrative centre was established in Gampaha.<ref name="DS 2" /> The new district status lead the town to a rapid development, establishing new government institutes. On 16 April 2002, the Urban Council was upgraded to become the [[Gampaha Municipal Council]].
==Economy==
==Economy==
The economy of Gampaha has been vastly extended in many aspects. Mainly [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]] and [[Rubber]] are grown here as main cultivation products and additionally [[pineapple]] and [[betel]] are grown here. As well as Many of large factories like Lanka Steel (Lanka Loha) have been established in Gampaha division. Also some rural industries like pottery, tiles, hand loom textiles, coconut related products can be found.<ref name="DS 2" />
The economy of Gampaha has been vastly extended in many aspects. Mainly [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|paddy]] and [[Rubber]] are grown here as main cultivation products and additionally [[pineapple]] and [[betel]] are grown here. Also some rural industries like pottery, tiles, hand loom textiles, coconut related products can be found.<ref name="DS 2" />
==Climate==
==Climate==
Gampaha has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The climate is fairly temperate all throughout the year with a significant rainfall. Even in the driest month there is a significant amount of rain. The driest month is January and there is about 62 mm of precipitation. Most of the precipitation in Gampaha area falls in October, averaging 365 mm. The precipitation varies 303 mm between the driest month and the wettest month. April is warmest month in Gampaha, with an average temperature of 28.4 °C (83.1 °F) and the December is the coolest month, with temperatures averaging 26.1 °C (79 °F). Throughout the year, temperatures vary by 2.3 °C.
Gampaha has a [[tropical rainforest climate]] under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The climate is fairly temperate all throughout the year with a significant rainfall. Even in the driest month there is a significant amount of rain. The driest month is January and there is about 62 mm of precipitation. Most of the precipitation in Gampaha area falls in October, averaging 365 mm. The precipitation varies 303 mm between the driest month and the wettest month. April is warmest month in Gampaha, with an average temperature of 28.4 °C (83.1 °F) and the December is the coolest month, with temperatures averaging 26.1 °C (79 °F). Throughout the year, temperatures vary by 2.3 °C.
The annual rain fall in the area is about 2398 mm and the average temperature is about 27.3 °C. The main sources of water canals of Gampaha are [[Attanagalla Oya]] and Uruwela Oya.
The annual rain fall in the area is about 2398 mm and the average temperature is about 27.3 °C. The main sources of water canals of Gampaha are [[Attanagalu Oya]] and Uruwela Oya.
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
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==Attractions==
==Attractions==
* '''[[Henarathgoda Botanical Garden]]''' where the first rubber tree was planted in Sri Lanka<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=589|title=Gampaha Botanic Garden - Botanic Gardens Conservation International}}</ref> is still present located close to Gampaha town. The garden is bordered with Attangalle oya and covers about 43acres. It is believed that the garden is more than 128 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tour.lk/sri_lanka/gampaha/henarathgoda_botanical_gardens.php|title=Henarathgoda Botanicl garden
* '''[[Henarathgoda Botanical Garden]]''' where the first rubber tree was planted in Sri Lanka<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=589|title=Gampaha Botanic Garden - Botanic Gardens Conservation International}}</ref> is still present located close to Gampaha town. The garden is bordered with Attangalle oya and covers about {{cvt|43|acres|order=flip}}. It is believed that the garden is more than 128 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tour.lk/sri_lanka/gampaha/henarathgoda_botanical_gardens.php|title=Henarathgoda Botanicl garden|access-date=1 May 2015|archive-date=26 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150826002020/http://tour.lk/sri_lanka/gampaha/henarathgoda_botanical_gardens.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>
[[File:Henarathgoda old railway station.jpg|thumb|Henarathgoda old railway station. Currently this building has been recognised as archaeological protected monument in Gampaha.]]
[[File:Henarathgoda old railway station.jpg|thumb|Henarathgoda old railway station. Currently this building has been recognised as archaeological protected monument in Gampaha town.]]
The first seedling was planted under the auspices of the vast garden's original owner Muhandiam Amaris De Zoysa, who became the garden's first OIC. The generous Muhandiram donated this vast estate for public use, to enhance the local surroundings.
* '''[[Gampaha railway station|Henarathgoda old railway station]]''' is one of oldest railway stations in Sri Lanka. It was built in 1866 by the British to facilitate the transportation of [[Tea production in Sri Lanka|tea]] and [[Coffee production in Sri Lanka|coffee]] from the up country to [[Colombo]].<ref name="colombofort">{{cite web|title=Cutting the First Sod of Earth for the Railway in 1858|url=http://colombofort.com/1st.railway.htm|publisher=colombofort.com|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>
* '''[[Gampaha railway station|Henarathgoda old railway station]]''' is one of oldest railway stations in Sri Lanka. It was built in 1866 by the British to facilitate the transportation of [[Tea production in Sri Lanka|tea]] and [[Coffee production in Sri Lanka|coffee]] from the up country to [[Colombo]].<ref name="colombofort">{{cite web|title=Cutting the First Sod of Earth for the Railway in 1858|url=http://colombofort.com/1st.railway.htm|publisher=colombofort.com|access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>
* '''[[Asgiriya Rajamaha Vihara, Gampaha|Asgiriya Rajamaha Vihara]]''' is an ancient Buddhist temple which is located close to the Gampaha town. Currently this temple has been recognized as archaeological protected monument in Minuwangoda division. The history of this temple runs to the reign of [[Valagamba of Anuradhapura|King Valagamba]].
* '''[[Asgiriya Rajamaha Vihara, Gampaha|Asgiriya Rajamaha Vihara]]''' is an ancient Buddhist temple which is located close to the Gampaha town. Currently this temple has been recognized as archaeological protected monument in Minuwangoda division. The history of this temple runs to the reign of [[Valagamba of Anuradhapura|King Valagamba]].
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*[[File:Gorakaella waterfall.jpg|thumb|145x145px|GorakaElla Waterfall]]'''[[Wathumulla Ketawala Ambalama]]''' is an old [[Ambalama]], located near to Daraluwa rail way station. During the past periods Ambalams were designed to provide shelter for the travelers.
*[[File:Gorakaella waterfall.jpg|thumb|145x145px|GorakaElla Waterfall]]'''[[Wathumulla Ketawala Ambalama]]''' is an old [[Ambalama]], located near to Daraluwa rail way station. During the past periods Ambalams were designed to provide shelter for the travelers.
* '''[[Ketawala Anicut]]''' is one of two anicut projects that come under the key irrigation scheme in Gampaha.
* '''[[Ketawala Anicut]]''' is one of two anicut projects that come under the key irrigation scheme in Gampaha.
*Maligawatta Rajamaha Vihara is an ancient Buddhist Temple which located in Gampaha District. The history of this temple runs to the reign of [[Valagamba of Anuradhapura|King Valagamba]]. The tooth relic was hidden twice here.
*Maligathenna Rajamaha Vihara is an ancient Buddhist Temple which located in Gampaha District. The history of this temple runs to the reign of [[Valagamba of Anuradhapura|King Valagamba]]. The tooth relic was hidden twice here.
*Kaleniya Rajamaha Vihara is an ancient Buddhist Temple in Gampaha District. It is located near to [[Kelani River]].
*Kaleniya Rajamaha Vihara is an ancient Buddhist Temple in Gampaha District. It is located near to [[Kelani River]].
*Gorakaella waterfall
*Gorakaella waterfall
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| website = Department of Census and Statistics-Sri-Lanka
| website = Department of Census and Statistics-Sri-Lanka
| access-date = 23 March 2015
| access-date = 23 March 2015
}}</ref> Gampaha is home to the oldest secondary educational institutes in Sri Lanka. The government owned schools in the gampaha area are listed below.<ref name="DS 1">{{cite web | url=http://www.gampaha.ds.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28&Itemid=23&lang=en | title=Schools| publisher=Gamapaha Divisional Secretariat| date=21 November 2010 | access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>
}}</ref> Gampaha is home to secondary educational institutes in Sri Lanka. The government owned schools in the gampaha area are listed below.<ref name="DS 1">{{cite web | url=http://www.gampaha.ds.gov.lk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28&Itemid=23&lang=en | title=Schools| publisher=Gamapaha Divisional Secretariat| date=21 November 2010 | access-date=21 February 2016}}</ref>
Pundit Wickramarachchi found the first Ayurveda College of the country - "Sri Lanka Siddhayurveda Vidyalaya"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.ac.lk/institutes/wickramarachchi/introduction.htm|title=Siddhayurveda College AKA The Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913173644/http://www.kln.ac.lk/institutes/wickramarachchi/introduction.htm|archive-date=13 September 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siddhayurveda.lk/|title=Siddhayurveda Rasayanushada Samagama}}</ref> in 1929 closer to Yakkala. "Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Vidyalaya (Incorporation) Act No. 30 of 1982" established the college as a national institute for Ayurveda education. From 1 March 1995 the institute was recognized as [[Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute]] and was affiliated to the main university stream of the country Under [[University of Kelaniya]]. The institute offers "Bachelor of Ayurveda Medicine and Surgery" (BAMS) diploma and the practitioners are distinguished around the country as "Gampaha Ayurvedic Physicians". Rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of Ayurvedic physicians have been approved by the Minister of Health and gazetted in June 1971.
Pundit Wickramarachchi found the first Ayurveda College of the country - "Sri Lanka Siddhayurveda Vidyalaya"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.ac.lk/institutes/wickramarachchi/introduction.htm|title=Siddhayurveda College AKA The Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913173644/http://www.kln.ac.lk/institutes/wickramarachchi/introduction.htm|archive-date=13 September 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.siddhayurveda.lk/|title=Siddhayurveda Rasayanushada Samagama}}</ref> in 1929 closer to Yakkala. "Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Vidyalaya (Incorporation) Act No. 30 of 1982" established the college as a national institute for Ayurveda education. From 1 March 1995 the institute was recognized as [[Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute]] and was affiliated to the main university stream of the country Under [[University of Kelaniya]]. The institute offers "Bachelor of Ayurveda Medicine and Surgery" (BAMS) diploma and the practitioners are distinguished around the country as "Gampaha Ayurvedic Physicians". Rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of Ayurvedic physicians have been approved by the Minister of Health and gazetted in June 1971.
==Transport==
==Transport==
Gampaha is the 15th railway station from the Colombo fort on main railway line.
Gampaha is the 15th railway station from the Colombo fort on main railway line.
The name "Gampaha" in Sinhala (ගම්පහ) literally means “Five Villages”. The five villages are known to be Ihalagama, Pahalagama, Medagama, Pattiyagama and Aluthgama. However, at present the location of Pattiyagama can no longer be identified within the town limits of Gampaha and remains disputed. Gampaha was also formerly known as Henarathgoda.
The former volleyball statue was an iconic landmark in Gampaha. Due to the development program this statue has been moved next to the railway station entrance.
During reign of Portuguese, the main route to the hill country had been laid through the Gampaha area and in the period of Dutch, this area was served as centre for the collection of cinnamon.[3] But before year 1815, it is said that Gampaha was a dense forest. The 5th Governor of Ceylon, Sir Edward Barnes made a visit to Gampaha in 1825, on the way to observe the construction work of the Negombo-Colombo main road. When British built the “Moragoda” catholic church in 1828, Gampaha and surrounding areas slowly became inhabited.
As the extension of the railway track from Colombo to Ambepussa, the Henarathgoda railway station was completed in 1866 which acted as a key factor for the progress and recognition of the town. In 1867, the first rubber tree of Sri Lanka was planted in Henarathgoda botanical garden.
The town was planned in 1920, with 52 roads including the main street, a water tank, a public market, a hospital and an electrical generator. Most of these are still present in their original sites with various improvements over time.[4]
Gampaha was a village council until 1945. On 1 January that year, the town qualified to become an urban council. The first urban council had five members. P. P. Jayawardane was the first chairman of the urban council. Total number of workforce in the urban council was 197 persons. In 1978 constitutional reforms declared Gampaha as a new administrative district (which was formerly recognised as a part of the Colombo District) and the main administrative centre was established in Gampaha.[3] The new district status lead the town to a rapid development, establishing new government institutes. On 16 April 2002, the Urban Council was upgraded to become the Gampaha Municipal Council.
The economy of Gampaha has been vastly extended in many aspects. Mainly paddy and Rubber are grown here as main cultivation products and additionally pineapple and betel are grown here. Also some rural industries like pottery, tiles, hand loom textiles, coconut related products can be found.[3]
Gampaha has a tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification. The climate is fairly temperate all throughout the year with a significant rainfall. Even in the driest month there is a significant amount of rain. The driest month is January and there is about 62 mm of precipitation. Most of the precipitation in Gampaha area falls in October, averaging 365 mm. The precipitation varies 303 mm between the driest month and the wettest month. April is warmest month in Gampaha, with an average temperature of 28.4 °C (83.1 °F) and the December is the coolest month, with temperatures averaging 26.1 °C (79 °F). Throughout the year, temperatures vary by 2.3 °C.
The annual rain fall in the area is about 2398 mm and the average temperature is about 27.3 °C. The main sources of water canals of Gampaha are Attanagalu Oya and Uruwela Oya.
Henarathgoda Botanical Garden where the first rubber tree was planted in Sri Lanka[6] is still present located close to Gampaha town. The garden is bordered with Attangalle oya and covers about 17 ha (43 acres). It is believed that the garden is more than 128 years old.[7]
Henarathgoda old railway station. Currently this building has been recognised as archaeological protected monument in Gampaha.
Asgiriya Rajamaha Vihara is an ancient Buddhist temple which is located close to the Gampaha town. Currently this temple has been recognized as archaeological protected monument in Minuwangoda division. The history of this temple runs to the reign of King Valagamba.
Yatawatte Purana Vihara is an old Tampita Vihara, located in Pahalagama. Currently this temple has been protected as one of archaeological protected sites in Sri Lanka.
GorakaElla WaterfallWathumulla Ketawala Ambalama is an old Ambalama, located near to Daraluwa rail way station. During the past periods Ambalams were designed to provide shelter for the travelers.
Ketawala Anicut is one of two anicut projects that come under the key irrigation scheme in Gampaha.
Maligathenna Rajamaha Vihara is an ancient Buddhist Temple which located in Gampaha District. The history of this temple runs to the reign of King Valagamba. The tooth relic was hidden twice here.
Kaleniya Rajamaha Vihara is an ancient Buddhist Temple in Gampaha District. It is located near to Kelani River.
Literacy in Gampaha district is the highest in Sri Lanka.[citation needed] The literacy rate for both sexes is 98.5.
[9] Gampaha is home to secondary educational institutes in Sri Lanka. The government owned schools in the gampaha area are listed below.[10]
Pundit Wickramarachchi found the first Ayurveda College of the country - "Sri Lanka Siddhayurveda Vidyalaya"[11][12] in 1929 closer to Yakkala. "Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Vidyalaya (Incorporation) Act No. 30 of 1982" established the college as a national institute for Ayurveda education. From 1 March 1995 the institute was recognized as Gampaha Wickramarachchi Ayurveda Institute and was affiliated to the main university stream of the country Under University of Kelaniya. The institute offers "Bachelor of Ayurveda Medicine and Surgery" (BAMS) diploma and the practitioners are distinguished around the country as "Gampaha Ayurvedic Physicians". Rules for the regulation of the professional conduct of Ayurvedic physicians have been approved by the Minister of Health and gazetted in June 1971.
