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{{Refimprove|date=February 2010}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2010}}
{{chembox
{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
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| verifiedrevid = 439036940
| verifiedrevid = 439036940
|ImageFile=disodium guanylate.png
| ImageFile=disodium guanylate.png
|ImageSize=180px
| ImageSize=220px
| ImageAlt=Skeletal formula of disodium guanylate
⚫
|IUPACName=disodium [(2''R'',3''S'',4''R'',5''R'')-5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3''H''-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-tetrahydrofuranyl]methyl phosphate {{Citation needed|date=April 2010}}
|OtherNames=sodium 5'-guanylate<br>disodium 5'-guanylate
| ImageFile1=Disodium guanylate 3D ball.png
| ImageSize1=240
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|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers
| ImageAlt1 = Ball-and-stick model of the component ions of disodium guanylate
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| IUPACName = Disodium 5′-guanylate
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| SystematicName = Disodium [(2''R'',3''S'',4''R'',5''R'')-5-(2-amino-4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-9''H''-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate
| OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list|Sodium 5'-guanylate}}
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
⚫
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=164216535&loc=es_rss |title=SID 164216535 - PubChem |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
| CASNo=5550-12-9
| CASNo=5550-12-9
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
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| <ref>http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?sid=164216535&loc=es_rss</ref>
| ChemSpiderID = 20407
| PubChem=21712
| PubChem=21712
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| SMILES=C1=NC2=C(N1C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)O)NC(=NC2=O)N.[Na+].[Na+]
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 132932
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = B768T44Q8V
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| SMILES=C1=NC2=C(N1C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)O)NC(=NC2=O)N.[Na+].[Na+]
}}
}}
|Section2= {{Chembox Properties
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=10|H=12|N=5|Na=2|O=8|P=1
| C=10 | H=12 | N=5 | Na=2 | O=8 | P=1
| Appearance=
| Appearance=
| Density=
| Density=
| MeltingPt=
| MeltingPt=
| BoilingPt=
| BoilingPt=
| Solubility=
| Solubility=
}}
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|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards=
| MainHazards=
| FlashPt=
| FlashPt=
| AutoignitionPt =
| Autoignition=
}}
}}
}}
}}


'''Disodium guanylate''', also known as '''sodium 5'-guanylate''' and '''disodium 5'-guanylate''', is a natural di[[sodium]] [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of the [[flavor enhancer]] [[guanosine monophosphate]] (GMP). Disodium guanylate is a [[food additive]] with the [[E number]] E627.<ref name=fin>[http://www.food-info.net/uk/e/e627.htm E627 : Sodium guanylate]</ref> It is commonly used in conjunction with [[glutamic acid]] ([[monosodium glutamate]], MSG).
'''Disodium guanylate''', also known as '''sodium 5'-guanylate''' and '''disodium 5'-guanylate''', is a natural [[sodium]] [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] of the [[flavor enhancer|flavor enhancing]] nucleotide [[guanosine monophosphate]] (GMP). Disodium guanylate is a [[food additive]] with the [[E number]] E627.<ref name=fin>[http://www.food-info.net/uk/e/e627.htm E627 : Sodium guanylate]</ref> It is commonly used in conjunction with [[glutamic acid]].


As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is not used independently of glutamic acid; if disodium guanylate is present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, it is likely that glutamic acid is provided as part of another ingredient such as a processed [[soy protein]] [[protein complex|complex]]. It is often added to foods in conjunction with [[disodium inosinate]]; the combination is known as [[disodium 5'-ribonucleotides]].
As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is usually not used independently of [[glutamic acid]]; if disodium guanylate is present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, it is likely that glutamic acid is provided as part of another ingredient such as a processed [[soy protein]] [[protein complex|complex]]. It is often added to foods in conjunction with [[disodium inosinate]]; the combination is known as [[Disodium ribonucleotides|disodium 5'-ribonucleotides]].


Disodium guanylate is produced from dried fish or dried seaweed and is often added to [[instant noodles]], [[potato chips]] and other [[snack]]s, savoury [[rice]], tinned [[vegetables]], cured [[meat]]s, and packaged [[soup]].
Disodium guanylate is produced by fermentation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Conn |first1=Helen |title="Umami": The Fifth Basic Taste |journal=Nutrition & Food Science |date=1 February 1992 |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=21–23 |doi=10.1108/EUM0000000000953}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kinoshita |first1=Kazumoto |last2=Shiro |first2=Teruo |last3=Yamazaki |first3=Akihiro |last4=Kumashiro |first4=Izumi |last5=Takenishi |first5=Tadao |last6=Tsunoda |first6=Toshinao |title=Industrial production of disodium 5?-guanylate |journal=Biotechnology and Bioengineering |date=July 1967 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=329–342 |doi=10.1002/bit.260090306|s2cid=84216811 }}</ref> It is often added to [[instant noodles]], [[potato chip]]s and other [[snack]]s, savory [[rice]], tinned [[vegetables]], cured [[meat]]s, and packaged [[soup]].

==Nutritional information==

Disodium guanylate is not safe for babies under twelve weeks, and should generally be avoided by asthmatics and people with gout, as guanylates are metabolized to [[Purine metabolism#Disorders|purines]]. However, the typical amounts found in food are generally too low to produce significant side effects.<ref name=fin/> Since it is often produced from fish,<ref name=fin/> [[vegan]]s and [[vegetarian]]s may wish to avoid it unless the product is specifically labeled as vegan or vegetarian. Such labels require the use of non-animal derived sources, such as seaweed or [[yeast]].


==See also==
==See also==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=16em|
* [[Acceptable daily intake]]
* [[Acceptable daily intake]]
* [[Glutamate flavoring]]
* [[Kikunae Ikeda]]
* [[Umami]]
* [[Ajinomoto]]
* [[Tien Chu Ve-Tsin]]
* [[Glutamic acid]]
* [[Disodium glutamate]]
* [[Monopotassium glutamate]]
* [[Disodium inosinate]]
* [[Inosinic acid]]
* [[Guanosine monophosphate]]
* [[Guanosine monophosphate]]
* [[Disodium inosinate]]
* [[Adenosine monophosphate]]
* [[Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase]]
* [[Ribonucleoside]]
}}


==References==
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Disodium Guanylate}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Disodium Guanylate}}
[[Category:Sodium compounds]]
[[Category:Organic sodium salts]]
[[Category:Nucleotides]]
[[Category:Nucleotides]]
[[Category:Flavour enhancers]]
[[Category:Flavor enhancers]]
[[Category:E-number additives]]

Latest revision as of 17:46, 11 September 2024

Disodium guanylate
Skeletal formula of disodium guanylate
Ball-and-stick model of the component ions of disodium guanylate
Names
IUPAC name
Disodium 5′-guanylate
Systematic IUPAC name
Disodium [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl phosphate
Other names
  • Sodium 5'-guanylate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.024.468 Edit this at Wikidata
E number E627 (flavour enhancer)
UNII
  • C1=NC2=C(N1C3C(C(C(O3)COP(=O)([O-])[O-])O)O)NC(=NC2=O)N.[Na+].[Na+]
Properties
C10H12N5Na2O8P
Molar mass 407.186 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Disodium guanylate, also known as sodium 5'-guanylate and disodium 5'-guanylate, is a natural sodium salt of the flavor enhancing nucleotide guanosine monophosphate (GMP). Disodium guanylate is a food additive with the E number E627.[2] It is commonly used in conjunction with glutamic acid.

As it is a fairly expensive additive, it is usually not used independently of glutamic acid; if disodium guanylate is present in a list of ingredients but MSG does not appear to be, it is likely that glutamic acid is provided as part of another ingredient such as a processed soy protein complex. It is often added to foods in conjunction with disodium inosinate; the combination is known as disodium 5'-ribonucleotides.

Disodium guanylate is produced by fermentation.[3][4] It is often added to instant noodles, potato chips and other snacks, savory rice, tinned vegetables, cured meats, and packaged soup.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "SID 164216535 - PubChem". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  2. ^ E627 : Sodium guanylate
  3. ^ Conn, Helen (1 February 1992). ""Umami": The Fifth Basic Taste". Nutrition & Food Science. 92 (2): 21–23. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000000953.
  4. ^ Kinoshita, Kazumoto; Shiro, Teruo; Yamazaki, Akihiro; Kumashiro, Izumi; Takenishi, Tadao; Tsunoda, Toshinao (July 1967). "Industrial production of disodium 5?-guanylate". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 9 (3): 329–342. doi:10.1002/bit.260090306. S2CID 84216811.
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