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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1941|10|20}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1941|10|20}}
| birth_place = [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]]
| birth_place = [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|09||1941|10|20}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|09|2|1941|10|20}}
| death_place =
| death_place = New York City, U.S.
| alma_mater = [[Massachusetts College of Art and Design]],<br> [[Rutgers University]]
| alma_mater = [[Massachusetts College of Art and Design]]<br> [[Rutgers University]]
| known_for = sculpture
| known_for = Sculpture
| spouse = [[Keith Sonnier]] (1966–1980; divorce)
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Keith Sonnier]]|1966|1980|end=div.}}
}}
}}


'''Vera Jacqueline Winsor''' (October 20, 1941 – September 2024) was a Canadian-born American sculptor. Her style, which developed in the early 1970s as a reaction to the work of [[Minimalism|minimal artists]], has been characterized as [[Postminimalism|post-minimal]], [[Systems art#Anti-form movement|anti-form]], and [[process art]].<ref name="Grove">Johnson, Cecile. [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T091849 "Winsor, Jacqueline."] In Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online, (accessed February 10, 2012; subscription required).</ref><ref name="Oberlin">[http://www.oberlin.edu/amam/Winsor_FourCorners.htm Detailed analysis of Winsor's "Four Corners"] from the [[Allen Memorial Art Museum]]. Includes extensive bibliography on Winsor. Retrieved February 10, 2012</ref>
'''Vera Jacqueline Winsor''' (October 20, 1941 – September 2, 2024) was a [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]]-born American sculptor. Her style, which developed in the early 1970s as a reaction to the work of [[Minimalism|minimal artists]], has been characterized as [[Postminimalism|post-minimal]], [[Systems art#Anti-form movement|anti-form]], and [[process art]].<ref name="Grove">Johnson, Cecile. [http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T091849 "Winsor, Jacqueline."]</ref><ref name="Oberlin">[http://www.oberlin.edu/amam/Winsor_FourCorners.htm Detailed analysis of Winsor's "Four Corners"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316212030/http://www2.oberlin.edu/amam/Winsor_FourCorners.htm |date=March 16, 2018 }} from the [[Allen Memorial Art Museum]]. Includes extensive bibliography on Winsor. Retrieved February 10, 2012</ref>


Informed by her own personal history, Winsor's sculptures from this period sit at the intersection of [[Minimalism]] and [[feminism]], maintaining an attention to elementary geometry and symmetrical form while eschewing Minimalism's reliance on industrial materials and methods through the incorporation of hand-crafted, organic materials such as wood and [[hemp]].<ref name="Oberlin" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/aldrichmuseum/docs/winsorbrochure/3|title=The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum: Jackie Winsor: With and Within|work=issuu|access-date=2017-03-10}}</ref>
Informed by her own personal history, Winsor's sculptures from this period sit at the intersection of minimalism and [[feminism]], maintaining an attention to elementary geometry and symmetrical form while eschewing minimalism's reliance on industrial materials and methods through the incorporation of hand-crafted, organic materials such as wood and [[hemp]].<ref name="Oberlin" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/aldrichmuseum/docs/winsorbrochure/3|title=The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum: Jackie Winsor: With and Within|work=issuu|access-date=2017-03-10}}</ref>


Winsor was in several exhibitions. In 1979, a mid-career retrospective of her work opened at the [[MoMA]];<ref>{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Ellen|title=Jackie Winsor: The Museum of Modern Art, New York|date=1979|publisher=Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> this was the first time the MoMA had presented a retrospective of work by a woman artist since 1946.<ref>[http://www.paulacoopergallery.com/exhibitions/35 Information on Jackie Winsor] from the [[Paula Cooper Gallery]]. Retrieved February 10, 2012</ref> Other exhibitions if her work include "American Woman Artist Show," April 14 – May 14, 1974 at the Kunsthaus Hamburg (Germany), curated by Sybille Niester and [[Lil Picard]];<ref>{{cite book|last=Kunsthaus Hamburg|title=American Woman Artist Show|date=1972|publisher=Kunsthaus Hamburg|oclc=78820398}}</ref> "26 Contemporary Women Artists," April 18 – June 13, 1971 at the [[Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art]], curated by [[Lucy Lippard]];<ref>{{cite book|last=Lippard|first=Lucy|title=26 Contemporary Women Artists|date=1971|publisher=The Museum|location=Ridgefield|oclc=64688990}}</ref> and "Jackie Winsor: With and Within," October 19, 2014 – April 5, 2015 at the [[Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum|Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art]], curated by Amy Smith-Stewart.<ref name=":0" />
Winsor exhibited her works in several exhibitions. In 1979, a mid-career retrospective of her work opened at the [[MoMA|Museum of Modern Art]], New York, (MoMA);<ref>{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Ellen|title=Jackie Winsor: The Museum of Modern Art, New York|date=1979|publisher=Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> this was the first time MoMA had presented a retrospective of work by a woman artist since 1946.<ref>[http://www.paulacoopergallery.com/exhibitions/35 Information on Jackie Winsor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203053839/http://www.paulacoopergallery.com/exhibitions/35 |date=February 3, 2014 }} from the [[Paula Cooper Gallery]]. Retrieved February 10, 2012</ref> Other exhibitions of her work included "American Woman Artist Show," April 14 – May 14, 1974, at the Kunsthaus Hamburg (Germany), curated by Sybille Niester and [[Lil Picard]];<ref>{{cite book|last=Kunsthaus Hamburg|title=American Woman Artist Show|date=1972|publisher=Kunsthaus Hamburg|oclc=78820398}}</ref> "26 Contemporary Women Artists," April 18 – June 13, 1971, at the [[Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art]], curated by [[Lucy Lippard]];<ref>{{cite book|last=Lippard|first=Lucy|title=26 Contemporary Women Artists|date=1971|publisher=The Museum|location=Ridgefield|oclc=64688990}}</ref> and "Jackie Winsor: With and Within", October 19, 2014 – April 5, 2015, at the [[Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum|Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art]], curated by Amy Smith-Stewart.<ref name=":0" />


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Vera Jacqueline Winsor was born October 20, 1941, in St. John's, Newfoundland. She was the second of three daughters and the descendant of three hundred years of Canadian ships' captains and farmers. Winsor was brought up in an old-fashioned, [[Anglophilic]] manner.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Jackie Winsor|last=Sobel|first=Dean|publisher=Milwaukee Art Museum|year=1991|isbn=0-944110-09-6}}</ref> A large part of her adolescence was spent helping her father build houses. One of Winsor's jobs was to "straighten the old nails and then hammer them down", an action she would later introduce into her own work.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Originals: American Women Artists|last=Munro|first=Eleanor C.|publisher=Da Capo Press|year=2000|location=Boulder, CO}}</ref> Winsor's family moved frequently during the 1940s due to her father's job between Newfoundland, [[Nova Scotia][, and [[New Brunswick]]. In 1952, Winsor and her family immigrated to the United States and moved to [[Boston, Massachusetts]]. Boston's urbanity brought Winsor culture shock, so she would still return to Newfoundland during her summers.<ref name=":1" />
Vera Jacqueline Winsor was born in [[St. John's, Newfoundland]] October 20, 1941. She was the second of three daughters and the descendant of three hundred years of Canadian ships' captains and farmers. Winsor was brought up in an old-fashioned, [[Anglophilic]] manner.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Jackie Winsor|last=Sobel|first=Dean|publisher=Milwaukee Art Museum|year=1991|isbn=0-944110-09-6}}</ref> A large part of her adolescence was spent helping her father build houses. One of Winsor's jobs was to "straighten the old nails and then hammer them down", an action she would later introduce into her own work.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Originals: American Women Artists|last=Munro|first=Eleanor C.|publisher=Da Capo Press|year=2000|location=Boulder, CO}}</ref> Winsor's family moved frequently during the 1940s due to her father's job, between Newfoundland, [[Nova Scotia]], and [[New Brunswick]]. In 1952, Winsor and her family emigrated to the United States and moved to [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. Boston's urbanity brought Winsor culture shock, so she would still return to Newfoundland during her summers.<ref name=":1" />


Winsor began her formal art studies at the Massachusetts College of Art, where she focused on painting, and it was not until her time in graduate school at Rutgers University, which she attended from 1965 to 1967, that she began to experiment with sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> Winsor received a B.F.A. degree from [[Massachusetts College of Art and Design]] in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oberlin.edu/amam/Winsor_FourCorners.htm#B|title=Winsor_Four Corners|website=www.oberlin.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref> Winsor received her M.F.A. degree from [[Rutgers University]] in 1967; where she met classmates and artists [[Keith Sonnier]] (whom she married in 1966),<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Kennedy|first=Randy|date=2020-07-23|title=Keith Sonnier, Playful Sculptor in Neon, Dies at 78|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/arts/keith-sonnier-playful-sculptor-in-neon-dies-at-78.html|access-date=2021-05-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and [[Joan Snyder]]. The three artists then moved to New York City, after graduating.<ref name=":1" />
Winsor began her formal art studies at the [[Massachusetts College of Art]], where she focused on painting. It was not until her time in graduate school at Rutgers University, which she attended from 1965 to 1967, that she began to experiment with sculpture.<ref name=":0" /> Winsor received a B.F.A. degree from [[Massachusetts College of Art and Design]] in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oberlin.edu/amam/Winsor_FourCorners.htm#B|title=Winsor_Four Corners|website=www.oberlin.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-03-11|archive-date=March 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316212030/http://www2.oberlin.edu/amam/Winsor_FourCorners.htm#B|url-status=live}}</ref> Winsor received her M.F.A. degree from [[Rutgers University]] in 1967; where she met classmates and artists [[Keith Sonnier]] (whom she married in 1966),<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Kennedy|first=Randy|date=2020-07-23|title=Keith Sonnier, Playful Sculptor in Neon, Dies at 78|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/arts/keith-sonnier-playful-sculptor-in-neon-dies-at-78.html|access-date=2021-05-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and [[Joan Snyder]]. The three artists then moved to New York City after graduating.<ref name=":1" />


== Career ==
== Career ==
Winsor's work can be categorized as process art, "anti-form", and "eccentric abstraction". She is known for having consistently employed geometric forms like the [[cube]] and the [[sphere]] and she connected process with appearance. Winsor believed that her pieces of art are connected to specific occurrences in her life, however not directly connected by any personal events that she went through.<ref>Cecile Johnson. "Winsor, Jacqueline." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press.Web. 21 Feb. 2015. <http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscirber/article/grove/art/T096914></ref>
Winsor's work can be categorized as process art, "anti-form", and "eccentric abstraction". She is known for having consistently employed geometric forms like the [[cube]] and the [[sphere]] and she connected process with appearance. Winsor believed that her pieces of art are connected to specific occurrences in her life, however not directly connected by any personal events that she went through.<ref>Cecile Johnson. [https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/display/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000091849#oao-9781884446054-e-7000091849 "Winsor, Jacqueline."] Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press.Web. 21 Feb. 2015.</ref>


During the late 1960s, Winsor and her contemporaries, which included artists such as [[Lynda Benglis]], [[Eva Hesse]], [[Barry Le Va]], [[Bruce Nauman]], [[Joel Shapiro]], and [[Richard Tuttle]], collectively pushed modern sculpture into a new "Postminimalist" direction.<ref name=":1" /> Curator [[Richard Marshall]] stated that these artists "shared a willingness, even a need to reinvent form (often using novel and unexpected materials), to invest that form with meaning."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The New Sculpture 1965-75: Between Geometry and Gesture|last=Marshall|first=Richard|publisher=Whitney Museum of American Art|year=1990|location=New York|pages=12}}</ref>
During the late 1960s, Winsor and her contemporaries, which included artists such as [[Lynda Benglis]], [[Eva Hesse]], [[Barry Le Va]], [[Bruce Nauman]], [[Joel Shapiro]], and [[Richard Tuttle]], collectively pushed modern sculpture into a new "[[Postminimalism|Postminimalist]]" direction.<ref name=":1" /> Curator Richard Marshall stated that these artists "shared a willingness, even a need to reinvent form (often using novel and unexpected materials), to invest that form with meaning."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The New Sculpture 1965-75: Between Geometry and Gesture|last=Marshall|first=Richard|publisher=Whitney Museum of American Art|year=1990|location=New York|pages=12}}</ref>


The first sculptures Winsor created in New York were made with materials which are now associated with "anti-formal" sculpture. These materials included rubber sheeting, tubes, cord, and even hair. Winsor also began experimenting with rope dipped in [[latex]] or [[polyester resin]] to create linear shapes.The first significant piece of her career was ''Rope Trick,'' a six foot tall length of rope in which she embedded with a metal rod to keep it standing upright.<ref name=":1" /> Although visually similar to the works of Minimalism, Winsor's sculptures did not aim to completely separate herself or her personal experience from the work she was creating. Winsor believed that an artist's work is a reflection of their inner selves<ref>{{Cite book|title=Jackie Winsor/Barry Ledoux: Sculpture|last=Halbreich|first=Kathy|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=1984|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> and she demonstrated this in her rope pieces, as they relate back to her heritage of sea captains. Winsor even remarked that those kinds of ropes "might be used to tie an ocean liner to its dock".<ref>{{Cite book|title=American Women Artists|last=Rubinstein|first=Charlotte Streifer|publisher=Avon Books 1982|year=1982|isbn=0380611015}}</ref>
The first sculptures Winsor created in New York were made with materials which are now associated with "anti-formal" sculpture. These materials included rubber sheeting, tubes, cord, and even hair. Winsor also began experimenting with rope dipped in [[latex]] or [[polyester resin]] to create linear shapes.The first significant piece of her career was ''Rope Trick,'' a six foot tall length of rope in which she embedded with a metal rod to keep it standing upright.<ref name=":1" /> Although visually similar to the works of [[minimalism (visual arts)|minimalism]], Winsor's sculptures did not aim to completely separate herself or her personal experience from the work she was creating. Winsor believed that an artist's work is a reflection of their inner selves<ref>{{Cite book|title=Jackie Winsor/Barry Ledoux: Sculpture|last=Halbreich|first=Kathy|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|year=1984|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> and she demonstrated this in her rope pieces, as they relate back to her heritage of sea captains. Winsor even remarked that those kinds of ropes "might be used to tie an ocean liner to its dock".<ref>{{Cite book|title=American Women Artists|last=Rubinstein|first=Charlotte Streifer|publisher=Avon Books 1982|year=1982|isbn=0380611015}}</ref>


An important influence for Winsor during this time was American dance, choreographer, and filmmaker [[Yvonne Rainer]]. Rainer's work was experimental and its intention was to put the body back into abstraction and use it along with motion to create shape. Her performances were often based on particular actions or tasks, which Winsor felt had a relationship to the ways in which she herself performed tasks in her own work.<ref name=":1" /> Winsor remarked, "What interested me was that these abstractions had a physical presence because they were acted out with ''bodies'' ," as opposed to "the hands-off sensibility toward abstraction" typically seen in Minimalist sculpture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-10-ca-1328-story.html|title=O.C. ART / CATHY CURTIS : Sculptor's Works Spring From Nature|last=CURTIS|first=CATHY|date=1992-02-10|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-03-11|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> Winsor used very involved, hands-on processes to create her sculptures, including nailing, wrapping, joining, and measuring. Winsor's work-flow has been described as being slow and obsessive. On average. Winsor produced only three sculptures a year.<ref name=":1" /> Winsor described her outlook, "Maintaining integrity toward the perfection you envisioned in the beginning is a constant concern. I spend an enormous amount of time just trying to imagine if an eighth of an inch at some point is going to make a major difference in the completed construction of the piece."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1952|title=Jackie Winsor {{!}} MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref> Her work not only examines form and material, but also process, space, surface, weight, and density.<ref name=":1" /> Winsor asserts her role as an object-maker by creating works with clear material integrity.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Jackie Winsor|last=McShine|first=Kynaston|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|year=1979|location=New York}}</ref>
An important influence for Winsor during this time was American dancer, choreographer, and filmmaker [[Yvonne Rainer]]. Rainer's work was experimental and its intention was to put the body back into abstraction and use it along with motion to create shape. Her performances were often based on particular actions or tasks, which Winsor felt had a relationship to the ways in which she herself performed tasks in her own work.<ref name=":1" /> Winsor remarked, "What interested me was that these abstractions had a physical presence because they were acted out with ''bodies'' ," as opposed to "the hands-off sensibility toward abstraction" typically seen in minimalist sculpture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-10-ca-1328-story.html|title=O.C. ART / CATHY CURTIS : Sculptor's Works Spring From Nature|last=CURTIS|first=CATHY|date=1992-02-10|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-03-11|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}</ref> Winsor used very involved, hands-on processes to create her sculptures, including nailing, wrapping, joining, and measuring. Winsor's work-flow has been described as being slow and obsessive. On average. Winsor produced only three sculptures a year.<ref name=":1" /> Winsor described her outlook, "Maintaining integrity toward the perfection you envisioned in the beginning is a constant concern. I spend an enormous amount of time just trying to imagine if an eighth of an inch at some point is going to make a major difference in the completed construction of the piece."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1952|title=Jackie Winsor {{!}} MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art|language=en|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref> Her work not only examines form and material, but also process, space, surface, weight, and density.<ref name=":1" /> Winsor asserted her role as an object-maker by creating works with clear material integrity.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Jackie Winsor|last=McShine|first=Kynaston|publisher=Museum of Modern Art|year=1979|location=New York}}</ref>


She is also best known for her thick rope pieces, usually 4-inch rope and combines that with natural wood. Jacqueline Winsor also keeps a sculpture in her studio that has more meaning to her than a random passerby. It is a plain sphere over a foot in diameter me of solid concrete. To her, it is a perfect symbol of density.<ref name="ReferenceA">Tacha, Athena. Some thoughts on contemporary art. Syracuse University Annex Production System.</ref>
She is also known for her thick rope pieces, usually four-inch rope and combines that with natural wood. Winsor also kept a sculpture in her studio that has more meaning to her than a random passerby. It is a plain sphere over a foot in diameter made of solid concrete. To her, it was a perfect symbol of density.<ref name="ReferenceA">Tacha, Athena. Some thoughts on contemporary art. Syracuse University Annex Production System.</ref>


Winsor latterly taught at SVA in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sva.edu/faculty/jacqueline-winsor|title=School of Visual Arts {{!}} SVA {{!}} New York City > Faculty|website=www.sva.edu|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref>
Winsor latterly taught at the [[School of Visual Arts]] in New York City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sva.edu/faculty/jacqueline-winsor|title=School of Visual Arts {{!}} SVA {{!}} New York City > Faculty|website=www.sva.edu|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref>


== Work ==
== Work ==
* ''Double Bound Circle'' consists of a piece of rope that is as thick as a rope that ties an [[ocean liner]]. It coils upon itself.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jackie Winsor: Canadian, born 1941: ''Double Bound Circle'', 1971: Hemp |url=https://sites.cc.gatech.edu/projects/hmuseum/themes/abstraction/double_bound_circle.html |publisher=Georgia Tech}}</ref>
* ''Double Bound Circle'' consists of a single piece weighing 600 pounds and coiling upon itself.
* ''Chunk Piece'' was created in 1970 and is made from continuous lengths of rope that are cut into sections that are three feet long. They are bound together near their frayed ends to create a dense cylinder.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acastronovo.com/ClassHtms/ClassDocs/Winsor.pdf |title=Jackie Winsor's Sculpture: Mediation, Revelation, and Aesthetic Democracy |author=Dean Sobel |page=7}}</ref>
* ''Chunk Piece'' was created in 1970 and is a massive bundle of 4-inch rope pieces, The ropes are all cut to the same length, about four feet, and are tightly bound together.
* ''Nail Piece'' was created in 1970 and is a 7-foot long stack of wood planks. They are put together and are densely nailed to each other at every layer.<ref name="ReferenceA" />
* ''Nail Piece'' was created in 1970 and is a seven-foot long stack of wood planks. They are put together and are densely nailed to each other at every layer.<ref name="ReferenceA" />


== Feminist art movement ==
== Feminist art movement ==
Winsor was included in the exhibition, "More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s" (1996) at [[Rose Art Museum]], along with [[Lynda Benglis]], [[Jackie Ferrara]], [[Nancy Graves]], [[Eva Hesse]], [[Ana Mendieta]], [[Mary Miss]], [[Ree Morton]], [[Michelle Stuart]], [[Dorothea Rockburne]], and [[Hannah Wilke]].
Winsor was included in the exhibition ''More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s'' (1996) at [[Rose Art Museum]], along with [[Lynda Benglis]], [[Jackie Ferrara]], [[Nancy Graves]], [[Eva Hesse]], [[Ana Mendieta]], [[Mary Miss]], [[Ree Morton]], [[Michelle Stuart]], [[Dorothea Rockburne]], and [[Hannah Wilke]].<ref name="MTM" />


Despite being referenced as making work that went against the macho-Minimalist sculpture movement, Winsor said, "when I think about things like feminism, it seems to me a political moment that supported the life I've had….I support it 100 percent although I have no real interest in it in my work."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stoops|first=Susan L.|title=More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s|last2=Chadwick|first2=Whitney|publisher=[[Rose Art Museum]], [[Brandeis University]]|year=1996|location=Waltham, Mass.|type=exhibition}}</ref>
Despite being referenced as making work that went against the macho-minimalist sculpture movement, Winsor said, "when I think about things like feminism, it seems to me a political moment that supported the life I've had….I support it 100 percent although I have no real interest in it in my work."<ref name="MTM">{{Cite book |last=Stoops |first=Susan L. |title=More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s |last2=Chadwick |first2=Whitney |publisher=[[Rose Art Museum]], [[Brandeis University]] |last3=Wagner |first3=Anne M. |year=1996 |location=Waltham, Mass. |type=exhibition |last4=Linker |first4=Kate |last5=Lippard |first5=Lucy |url=https://dn720503.ca.archive.org/0/items/morethanminimalf00stoo/morethanminimalf00stoo.pdf}}</ref>


== Personal life and death ==
== Personal life and death ==
Winsor was married to [[Keith Sonnier]] from 1966 until 1980, ending in divorce.<ref name=":2" /> On September 3, 2024, it was announced that she had died from a stroke at the age of 82.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Greenberger |first1=Alex |title=Jackie Winsor, Artist Whose Labor-Intensive Sculptures Inspire Mystery and Awe, Dies at 82 |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/jackie-winsor-sculptor-dead-1234716498/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |publisher=ARTnews |date=3 September 2024}}</ref>
Winsor was married to [[Keith Sonnier]] from 1966 until 1980, when they divorced.<ref name=":2" /> She died from a stroke and brain hemorrhage in Manhattan, New York City, on September 2, 2024, at the age of 82.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jackie Winsor, 82, Dies; Sculptor Who Hammered, Drilled and Chopped|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/06/arts/jackie-winsor-dead.html|publisher=The New York Times|last=Solomon|first=Deborah|date=September 6, 2024|access-date=September 9, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Greenberger |first1=Alex |title=Jackie Winsor, Artist Whose Labor-Intensive Sculptures Inspire Mystery and Awe, Dies at 82 |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/news/jackie-winsor-sculptor-dead-1234716498/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |publisher=ARTnews |date=3 September 2024}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 61: Line 61:
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/winsor_jackie.html Entry for Jackie Winsor] on [[ArtCyclopedia]]
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/winsor_jackie.html Entry for Jackie Winsor] on [[ArtCyclopedia]]
* [http://wp.lehman.edu/avalanche/tag/jackie-winsor/ Entry for Jackie Winsor] in ''[[Avalanche Magazine Index]]''
* [http://wp.lehman.edu/avalanche/tag/jackie-winsor/ Entry for Jackie Winsor] in ''[[Avalanche Magazine Index]]''
*[https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-jackie-winsor-13156 Oral history interview with Jackie Winsor, 1990-1992], [[Archives of American Art]], Smithsonian Institution
* [https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/interviews/oral-history-interview-jackie-winsor-13156 Oral history interview with Jackie Winsor, 1990-1992], [[Archives of American Art]], Smithsonian Institution


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[[Category:Rutgers University alumni]]
[[Category:Sculptors from New York City]]

Latest revision as of 01:19, 12 September 2024

Jacqueline Winsor
Born
Vera Jacqueline Winsor

(1941-10-20)October 20, 1941
St. John's, Newfoundland
DiedSeptember 2, 2024(2024-09-02) (aged 82)
New York City, U.S.
Other namesJackie Winsor
Alma materMassachusetts College of Art and Design
Rutgers University
Known forSculpture
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1966; div. 1980)​

Vera Jacqueline Winsor (October 20, 1941 – September 2, 2024) was a Newfoundland-born American sculptor. Her style, which developed in the early 1970s as a reaction to the work of minimal artists, has been characterized as post-minimal, anti-form, and process art.[1][2]

Informed by her own personal history, Winsor's sculptures from this period sit at the intersection of minimalism and feminism, maintaining an attention to elementary geometry and symmetrical form while eschewing minimalism's reliance on industrial materials and methods through the incorporation of hand-crafted, organic materials such as wood and hemp.[2][3]

Winsor exhibited her works in several exhibitions. In 1979, a mid-career retrospective of her work opened at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, (MoMA);[4] this was the first time MoMA had presented a retrospective of work by a woman artist since 1946.[5] Other exhibitions of her work included "American Woman Artist Show," April 14 – May 14, 1974, at the Kunsthaus Hamburg (Germany), curated by Sybille Niester and Lil Picard;[6] "26 Contemporary Women Artists," April 18 – June 13, 1971, at the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, curated by Lucy Lippard;[7] and "Jackie Winsor: With and Within", October 19, 2014 – April 5, 2015, at the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, curated by Amy Smith-Stewart.[3]

Early life and education

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Vera Jacqueline Winsor was born in St. John's, Newfoundland October 20, 1941. She was the second of three daughters and the descendant of three hundred years of Canadian ships' captains and farmers. Winsor was brought up in an old-fashioned, Anglophilic manner.[8] A large part of her adolescence was spent helping her father build houses. One of Winsor's jobs was to "straighten the old nails and then hammer them down", an action she would later introduce into her own work.[9] Winsor's family moved frequently during the 1940s due to her father's job, between Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. In 1952, Winsor and her family emigrated to the United States and moved to Boston, Massachusetts. Boston's urbanity brought Winsor culture shock, so she would still return to Newfoundland during her summers.[8]

Winsor began her formal art studies at the Massachusetts College of Art, where she focused on painting. It was not until her time in graduate school at Rutgers University, which she attended from 1965 to 1967, that she began to experiment with sculpture.[3] Winsor received a B.F.A. degree from Massachusetts College of Art and Design in 1965.[10] Winsor received her M.F.A. degree from Rutgers University in 1967; where she met classmates and artists Keith Sonnier (whom she married in 1966),[11] and Joan Snyder. The three artists then moved to New York City after graduating.[8]

Career

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Winsor's work can be categorized as process art, "anti-form", and "eccentric abstraction". She is known for having consistently employed geometric forms like the cube and the sphere and she connected process with appearance. Winsor believed that her pieces of art are connected to specific occurrences in her life, however not directly connected by any personal events that she went through.[12]

During the late 1960s, Winsor and her contemporaries, which included artists such as Lynda Benglis, Eva Hesse, Barry Le Va, Bruce Nauman, Joel Shapiro, and Richard Tuttle, collectively pushed modern sculpture into a new "Postminimalist" direction.[8] Curator Richard Marshall stated that these artists "shared a willingness, even a need to reinvent form (often using novel and unexpected materials), to invest that form with meaning."[13]

The first sculptures Winsor created in New York were made with materials which are now associated with "anti-formal" sculpture. These materials included rubber sheeting, tubes, cord, and even hair. Winsor also began experimenting with rope dipped in latex or polyester resin to create linear shapes.The first significant piece of her career was Rope Trick, a six foot tall length of rope in which she embedded with a metal rod to keep it standing upright.[8] Although visually similar to the works of minimalism, Winsor's sculptures did not aim to completely separate herself or her personal experience from the work she was creating. Winsor believed that an artist's work is a reflection of their inner selves[14] and she demonstrated this in her rope pieces, as they relate back to her heritage of sea captains. Winsor even remarked that those kinds of ropes "might be used to tie an ocean liner to its dock".[15]

An important influence for Winsor during this time was American dancer, choreographer, and filmmaker Yvonne Rainer. Rainer's work was experimental and its intention was to put the body back into abstraction and use it along with motion to create shape. Her performances were often based on particular actions or tasks, which Winsor felt had a relationship to the ways in which she herself performed tasks in her own work.[8] Winsor remarked, "What interested me was that these abstractions had a physical presence because they were acted out with bodies ," as opposed to "the hands-off sensibility toward abstraction" typically seen in minimalist sculpture.[16] Winsor used very involved, hands-on processes to create her sculptures, including nailing, wrapping, joining, and measuring. Winsor's work-flow has been described as being slow and obsessive. On average. Winsor produced only three sculptures a year.[8] Winsor described her outlook, "Maintaining integrity toward the perfection you envisioned in the beginning is a constant concern. I spend an enormous amount of time just trying to imagine if an eighth of an inch at some point is going to make a major difference in the completed construction of the piece."[17] Her work not only examines form and material, but also process, space, surface, weight, and density.[8] Winsor asserted her role as an object-maker by creating works with clear material integrity.[18]

She is also known for her thick rope pieces, usually four-inch rope and combines that with natural wood. Winsor also kept a sculpture in her studio that has more meaning to her than a random passerby. It is a plain sphere over a foot in diameter made of solid concrete. To her, it was a perfect symbol of density.[19]

Winsor latterly taught at the School of Visual Arts in New York City.[20]

Work

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  • Double Bound Circle consists of a piece of rope that is as thick as a rope that ties an ocean liner. It coils upon itself.[21]
  • Chunk Piece was created in 1970 and is made from continuous lengths of rope that are cut into sections that are three feet long. They are bound together near their frayed ends to create a dense cylinder.[22]
  • Nail Piece was created in 1970 and is a seven-foot long stack of wood planks. They are put together and are densely nailed to each other at every layer.[19]

Feminist art movement

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Winsor was included in the exhibition More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s (1996) at Rose Art Museum, along with Lynda Benglis, Jackie Ferrara, Nancy Graves, Eva Hesse, Ana Mendieta, Mary Miss, Ree Morton, Michelle Stuart, Dorothea Rockburne, and Hannah Wilke.[23]

Despite being referenced as making work that went against the macho-minimalist sculpture movement, Winsor said, "when I think about things like feminism, it seems to me a political moment that supported the life I've had….I support it 100 percent although I have no real interest in it in my work."[23]

Personal life and death

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Winsor was married to Keith Sonnier from 1966 until 1980, when they divorced.[11] She died from a stroke and brain hemorrhage in Manhattan, New York City, on September 2, 2024, at the age of 82.[24][25]

References

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  1. ^ Johnson, Cecile. "Winsor, Jacqueline."
  2. ^ a b Detailed analysis of Winsor's "Four Corners" Archived March 16, 2018, at the Wayback Machine from the Allen Memorial Art Museum. Includes extensive bibliography on Winsor. Retrieved February 10, 2012
  3. ^ a b c "The Aldrich Contemporary Art Museum: Jackie Winsor: With and Within". issuu. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
  4. ^ Johnson, Ellen (1979). Jackie Winsor: The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Museum of Modern Art.
  5. ^ Information on Jackie Winsor Archived February 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine from the Paula Cooper Gallery. Retrieved February 10, 2012
  6. ^ Kunsthaus Hamburg (1972). American Woman Artist Show. Kunsthaus Hamburg. OCLC 78820398.
  7. ^ Lippard, Lucy (1971). 26 Contemporary Women Artists. Ridgefield: The Museum. OCLC 64688990.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Sobel, Dean (1991). Jackie Winsor. Milwaukee Art Museum. ISBN 0-944110-09-6.
  9. ^ Munro, Eleanor C. (2000). Originals: American Women Artists. Boulder, CO: Da Capo Press.
  10. ^ "Winsor_Four Corners". www.oberlin.edu. Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  11. ^ a b Kennedy, Randy (July 23, 2020). "Keith Sonnier, Playful Sculptor in Neon, Dies at 78". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
  12. ^ Cecile Johnson. "Winsor, Jacqueline." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press.Web. 21 Feb. 2015.
  13. ^ Marshall, Richard (1990). The New Sculpture 1965-75: Between Geometry and Gesture. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art. p. 12.
  14. ^ Halbreich, Kathy (1984). Jackie Winsor/Barry Ledoux: Sculpture. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
  15. ^ Rubinstein, Charlotte Streifer (1982). American Women Artists. Avon Books 1982. ISBN 0380611015.
  16. ^ CURTIS, CATHY (February 10, 1992). "O.C. ART / CATHY CURTIS : Sculptor's Works Spring From Nature". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  17. ^ "Jackie Winsor | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  18. ^ McShine, Kynaston (1979). Jackie Winsor. New York: Museum of Modern Art.
  19. ^ a b Tacha, Athena. Some thoughts on contemporary art. Syracuse University Annex Production System.
  20. ^ "School of Visual Arts | SVA | New York City > Faculty". www.sva.edu. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  21. ^ "Jackie Winsor: Canadian, born 1941: Double Bound Circle, 1971: Hemp". Georgia Tech.
  22. ^ Dean Sobel. "Jackie Winsor's Sculpture: Mediation, Revelation, and Aesthetic Democracy" (PDF). p. 7.
  23. ^ a b Stoops, Susan L.; Chadwick, Whitney; Wagner, Anne M.; Linker, Kate; Lippard, Lucy (1996). More than Minimal: Feminism and Abstraction in the '70s (PDF) (exhibition). Waltham, Mass.: Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University.
  24. ^ Solomon, Deborah (September 6, 2024). "Jackie Winsor, 82, Dies; Sculptor Who Hammered, Drilled and Chopped". The New York Times. Retrieved September 9, 2024.
  25. ^ Greenberger, Alex (September 3, 2024). "Jackie Winsor, Artist Whose Labor-Intensive Sculptures Inspire Mystery and Awe, Dies at 82". ARTnews. Retrieved September 3, 2024.

Further reading

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  • Liza Bear, "An Interview with Jackie Winsor," Avalanche Magazine no.4 (Spring 1972): 10–17.
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