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{{Short description|Presidential aircraft}} |
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{{Infobox aircraft |
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|name = SAM 27000 |
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|image = Air Force One SAM 27000.jpg |
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|caption = SAM 27000 taking off from [[Heathrow Airport]] |
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|type = [[C-137 Stratoliner|VC-137C]] (Boeing 707-353B) |
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|other_names = "Air Force One" |
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|construction_number = 20630 |
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|construction_date = 1972 |
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|military_serial = 72-7000 |
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|military serial = 72-7000 ([[Tail Code|tail code]] "27000") |
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|radio_code = |
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|radio code = |
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|first_flight = July 31, 1972 |
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|last_flight = August 29, 2001 |
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|owners = [[United States Air Force]] |
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|in_service = August 9, 1972 - August 29, 2001 |
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|flights = |
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|total hours = |
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|total_hours = |
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|total distance = |
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|total_distance = |
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|status = Retired |
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|preservation = [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]] |
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}} |
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'''''SAM 27000''''' was the second of two '''Boeing VC-137C''' [[United States Air Force]] aircraft that were specifically configured and maintained for the use of the [[ |
'''''SAM 27000''''' was the second of two '''Boeing VC-137C''' [[United States Air Force]] aircraft that were specifically configured and maintained for the use of the [[president of the United States]]. It used the [[call sign]] [[Air Force One]] when the president was on board, and at other times it used the call sign ''SAM 27000'' (spoken as 'SAM two-seven-thousand'), with SAM indicating 'Special Air Mission.' The VC-137C [[United States military aircraft serials|serial number ''72-7000'']]{{efn|It is USAF practice to truncate the serial number as presented on the tail to five-figures, the last figure of the fiscal year and the last four of the serial, hence 27000}} was a customized version of the [[Boeing 707]] which entered service during the [[Nixon administration]] in 1972. It served all US presidents until [[George W. Bush]] and was retired in 2001. It is now on display at the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]]. |
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==Operational history== |
==Operational history== |
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The plane first entered service in 1972 during the administration of Richard Nixon. SAM 27000 replaced the aging [[VC-137C SAM 26000|SAM 26000]] as the primary means of presidential travel, although SAM 26000 remained as a back-up plane. SAM 27000 served seven presidents in its twenty-nine years of service: [[Richard Nixon]], [[Gerald Ford]], [[Jimmy Carter]], [[Ronald Reagan]], [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Bill Clinton]], and George W. Bush. In 1990, it was replaced as the primary presidential plane by two [[Boeing VC-25]] jumbo jets — SAM 28000 and SAM 29000. |
The plane first entered service in 1972 during the administration of Richard Nixon. SAM 27000 replaced the aging [[VC-137C SAM 26000|SAM 26000]] as the primary means of presidential travel, although SAM 26000 remained as a back-up plane. SAM 27000 served seven presidents in its twenty-nine years of service: [[Richard Nixon]], [[Gerald Ford]], [[Jimmy Carter]], [[Ronald Reagan]], [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Bill Clinton]], and [[George W. Bush]]. In 1990, it was replaced as the primary presidential plane by two [[Boeing VC-25]] jumbo jets — SAM 28000 and SAM 29000. |
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===Nixon and Ford=== |
===Nixon and Ford=== |
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[[File: |
[[File:First Lady Betty Ford greets President Gerald Ford for the trip back to Washington.jpg|thumb|left|The Fords in the President's forward cabin on SAM 27000]] |
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Nixon was the first president to use this ''Air Force One'', dubbing it and its sister plane, SAM 26000, the "Spirit of '76", having that phrase painted on the nose of the two aircraft, although later removed by President Carter.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air Force 1 Is Named 'Spirit of '76' by Nixon|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 31, 1971|page=10|author=United Press International}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Spirit of '76' Deleted From President's Plane|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 13, 1977|page=52|author=United Press International}}</ref> Although SAM 27000 replaced SAM 26000 as Nixon's primary mode of aerial transportation, he chose to ride SAM 26000 when his family flew with him. Nixon garnered much attention for his frequent flying aboard ''Air Force One'', usually flying to his homes in California and Florida, but also made many trips abroad, such as his trip to China in 1972. Top presidential aides and cabinet secretaries used the plane as well, including [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Henry Kissinger]]. When President Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, he flew to his home in Orange County, California aboard SAM 27000. While flying over [[Missouri]] en route to their destination, Colonel [[Ralph Albertazzie]], the pilot, contacted Kansas City Center and had the aircraft's call sign changed from ''Air Force One'' to SAM 27000 due to Gerald Ford being sworn in. |
Nixon was the first president to use this ''Air Force One'', dubbing it and its sister plane, SAM 26000, the "Spirit of '76", having that phrase painted on the nose of the two aircraft, although later removed by President Carter.<ref>{{cite news|title=Air Force 1 Is Named 'Spirit of '76' by Nixon|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 31, 1971|page=10|author=United Press International}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='Spirit of '76' Deleted From President's Plane|newspaper=The New York Times|date=February 13, 1977|page=52|author=United Press International}}</ref> Although SAM 27000 replaced SAM 26000 as Nixon's primary mode of aerial transportation, he chose to ride SAM 26000 when his family flew with him. Nixon garnered much attention for his frequent flying aboard ''Air Force One'', usually flying to his homes in California and Florida, but also made many trips abroad, such as his trip to China in 1972. Top presidential aides and cabinet secretaries used the plane as well, including [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Henry Kissinger]]. When President Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, he flew to his home in Orange County, California aboard SAM 27000. While flying over [[Missouri]] en route to their destination, Colonel [[Ralph Albertazzie]], the pilot, contacted Kansas City Center and had the aircraft's call sign changed from ''Air Force One'' to SAM 27000 due to Gerald Ford being sworn in. |
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===Carter and Reagan=== |
===Carter and Reagan=== |
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[[File: |
[[File:President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan arriving at Vnukovo airport in Moscow.jpg|thumb|Ronald and Nancy Reagan wave from ''Air Force One'' (SAM 27000) as they prepare to descend the stairs upon the plane's landing in Moscow, Russia SFSR, 1988]] |
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[[Jimmy Carter]] made some changes to ''Air Force One'' that reflected his personal values.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Carter preferred a simpler style of living, something he made apparent on SAM 27000; he even insisted that he and his family carry their own luggage aboard. Carter made regular use of the plane both for domestic use and for use abroad. In 1980, after the [[Miracle on Ice|American Hockey Team defeated the Soviet Team]], Carter sent SAM 27000 to pick up the team and bring them back to Washington, D.C. for a congratulatory ceremony.<ref name=hardesty/> Carter's last trip aboard 27000 was actually taken as a former president, when Ronald Reagan sent Carter to Germany on behalf of the American people, to welcome home the 52 American hostages that were [[Iran hostage crisis|held captive in Iran]].<ref name=hardesty>{{cite book|last1=Hardesty|first1=Von|title=Air Force One: The Aircraft That Shaped the Modern Presidency|date=October 2003|publisher=Northword Press|page=124|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtCRa7bCz3oC& |
[[Jimmy Carter]] made some changes to ''Air Force One'' that reflected his personal values.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Carter preferred a simpler style of living, something he made apparent on SAM 27000; he even insisted that he and his family carry their own luggage aboard. Carter made regular use of the plane both for domestic use and for use abroad. In 1980, after the [[Miracle on Ice|American Hockey Team defeated the Soviet Team]], Carter sent SAM 27000 to pick up the team and bring them back to Washington, D.C. for a congratulatory ceremony.<ref name=hardesty/> Carter's last trip aboard 27000 was actually taken as a former president, when Ronald Reagan sent Carter to Germany on behalf of the American people, to welcome home the 52 American hostages that were [[Iran hostage crisis|held captive in Iran]].<ref name=hardesty>{{cite book|last1=Hardesty|first1=Von|title=Air Force One: The Aircraft That Shaped the Modern Presidency|date=October 2003|publisher=Northword Press|page=124|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtCRa7bCz3oC&q=ronald+reagan+sent+jimmy+carter+to+germany+on+air+force+one&pg=PA124|isbn=9781589232334}}</ref> |
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[[File:Reagan |
[[File:President Ronald Reagan talking on telephone in his state room on a trip to Nevada aboard Air Force One.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ronald Reagan]] works aboard SAM 27000 in 1986]] |
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Ronald Reagan was SAM 27000's most frequent flyer, flying longer and farther than all the other presidents who flew on it, traveling more than 675,000 miles aboard it.<ref>{{cite book|first=Kenneth T.|last=Walsh|title=Air Force One: A History of the Presidents and Their Planes|publisher=Hyperion|location=New York|year=2003| |
Ronald Reagan was SAM 27000's most frequent flyer, flying longer and farther than all the other presidents who flew on it, traveling more than 675,000 miles aboard it.<ref>{{cite book|first=Kenneth T.|last=Walsh|title=Air Force One: A History of the Presidents and Their Planes|publisher=Hyperion|location=New York|year=2003|isbn=1-4013-0004-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/airforceonehisto00wals}}</ref> Reagan used ''Air Force One'' to travel to all parts of the world to pursue his ambitious diplomatic goals, taking three trips to Asia, six to Europe, and twelve trips to foreign places in the Western Hemisphere. Reagan flew to three of his four summit meetings with Soviet Leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] aboard SAM 27000: Geneva, Reykjavík, and Moscow (one was held in Washington, D.C.) The Reagans' last flight aboard the plane was on January 20, 1989, when the then-former President and First Lady flew back to California.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} |
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While traveling on SAM 27000, Reagan spent most of his time in his forward cabin, but occasionally made visits to senior staff lounge for meetings with his aides.{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} Reagan seldom slept on the plane, even on long journeys. First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] was also enthusiastic about ''Air Force One'', recalling the first time she flew on the plane, "Ronnie read reports and attended to paperwork, while I kept busy writing letters to friends back home on ''Air Force One'' letterhead. Look at me, I'm flying on ''Air Force One''!"{{Citation needed|date=May 2011}} The Reagans' last flight aboard the plane was on January 20, 1989, when the now-former President and First Lady flew back to California. |
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===Missions after replacement=== |
===Missions after replacement=== |
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[[File:Airforce-one-waco.jpg|thumb|[[George W. Bush]] and [[Laura Bush]] arrive in [[Waco, Texas]] after the completion of the last Presidential voyage of SAM 27000]] |
[[File:Airforce-one-waco.jpg|thumb|[[George W. Bush]] and [[Laura Bush]] arrive in [[Waco, Texas]] after the completion of the last Presidential voyage of SAM 27000, August 2001]] |
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[[File:SAM 27000 at Reagan Library.jpg|thumb|The plane in the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library|Reagan Library]] ]] |
[[File:SAM 27000 at Reagan Library.jpg|thumb|The plane in the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library|Reagan Library]] ]] |
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[[George H.W. Bush]] was the last president to use SAM 27000 as the primary means of presidential travel, for in 1990 the plane was replaced by two Boeing 747-200B jumbo jets, designated VC-25, although SAM 27000 was kept as a backup plane for Bush during the remainder of his presidency, as well as those of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. |
[[George H. W. Bush]] was the last president to use SAM 27000 as the primary means of presidential travel, for in 1990 the plane was replaced by two Boeing 747-200B jumbo jets, designated VC-25, although SAM 27000 was kept as a backup plane for Bush during the remainder of his presidency, as well as those of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. |
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Former President Richard Nixon died on April 22, 1994, in [[New York City]]. SAM 27000 brought his body to the [[Marine Corps Air Station El Toro]] in [[Orange County, California]], four days later. His body was then taken to the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace (now [[Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum]]) to lie in state before a funeral service and burial. |
Former President Richard Nixon died on April 22, 1994, in [[New York City]]. SAM 27000 brought his body to the [[Marine Corps Air Station El Toro]] in [[Orange County, California]], four days later. His body was then taken to the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace (now [[Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum]]) to lie in state before a [[Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon|funeral service and burial]]. |
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Its last Presidential voyage was August 29, 2001, when it delivered George W. Bush and [[Laura Bush]] to [[TSTC Waco Airport]] en route to their [[Prairie Chapel Ranch]].<ref>[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/08/20010829-7.html Air Force One Retires<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
Its last Presidential voyage was August 29, 2001, when it delivered George W. Bush and [[Laura Bush]] to [[TSTC Waco Airport]] en route to their [[Prairie Chapel Ranch]].<ref>[https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/08/20010829-7.html Air Force One Retires<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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===Reagan Library=== |
===Reagan Library=== |
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SAM 27000 was decommissioned and flown to [[San Bernardino International Airport]] (formerly [[Norton Air Force Base]]) in September 2001, where it was presented to the Reagan Foundation. In what was known as Operation Homeward Bound, [[Boeing]], the plane's manufacturer, disassembled the plane and transported it to the library in pieces.<ref name="boeing">{{cite press release| title=Reagan Air Force One Moves to Presidential Library| publisher=Boeing| date=20 June 2003| url=http://www.boeing.com/news/feature/reagan707/news_release1.html| |
SAM 27000 was decommissioned and flown to [[San Bernardino International Airport]] (formerly [[Norton Air Force Base]]) in September 2001, where it was presented to the Reagan Foundation. In what was known as Operation Homeward Bound, [[Boeing]], the plane's manufacturer, disassembled the plane and transported it to the library in pieces.<ref name="boeing">{{cite press release| title=Reagan Air Force One Moves to Presidential Library| publisher=Boeing| date=20 June 2003| url=http://www.boeing.com/news/feature/reagan707/news_release1.html| access-date=2007-12-03| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213015615/http://www.boeing.com/news/feature/reagan707/news_release1.html| archive-date=13 December 2007}}</ref> After the construction of the foundation of the pavilion itself, the plane was reassembled and restored to museum quality,<ref name="boeing"/> as well as raised onto pedestals {{convert|25|ft|m|abbr=on}} above ground.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Journey of Air Force One| publisher =Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation| url=http://www.reaganlibrary.com/airforceone/dtc_home.asp?pageid=4&gid=10| access-date = 2007-12-03|page=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822181751/http://www.reaganlibrary.com/airforceone/dtc_home.asp?pageid=4&gid=10 |archive-date = August 22, 2007}}</ref> The pavilion was dedicated on October 24, 2005, by Nancy Reagan, President George W. Bush, and First Lady [[Laura Bush]].<ref>{{cite speech | title = President Participates in Opening Ceremony for Air Force One Pavilion | first = George W. | last = Bush | author-link = George W. Bush | date = 2005-10-21 | location = [[Simi Valley, California]] | url = https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2005/10/20051021-2.html | access-date = 2007-11-23}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==Notes== |
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{{notelist}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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''This article's main source is the following book:'' |
''This article's main source is the following book:'' |
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* {{cite book |last= Hardesty|first= Von|title= Air Force One: The Aircraft that Shaped the Modern Presidency |
* {{cite book |last= Hardesty|first= Von|title= Air Force One: The Aircraft that Shaped the Modern Presidency|year= 2003|publisher= Tehabi Books|location= San Diego, California}} |
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[[Category:Transportation of the |
[[Category:Transportation of the president of the United States]] |
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[[Category:Individual aircraft]] |
[[Category:Individual aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Presidential aircraft]] |
[[Category:Presidential aircraft]] |
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[[Category:United States special-purpose aircraft |
[[Category:1990s United States special-purpose aircraft]] |
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[[Category:Boeing 707]] |
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Latest revision as of 12:47, 12 September 2024
| SAM 27000 | |
|---|---|
 SAM 27000 taking off from Heathrow Airport | |
| General information | |
| Other name(s) | "Air Force One" |
| Type | VC-137C (Boeing 707-353B) |
| Status | Retired |
| Owners | United States Air Force |
| Construction number | 20630 |
| Serial | 72-7000 |
| History | |
| Manufactured | 1972 |
| First flight | July 31, 1972 |
| In service | August 9, 1972 - August 29, 2001 |
| Last flight | August 29, 2001 |
| Preserved at | Ronald Reagan Presidential Library |
SAM 27000 was the second of two Boeing VC-137C United States Air Force aircraft that were specifically configured and maintained for the use of the president of the United States. It used the call sign Air Force One when the president was on board, and at other times it used the call sign SAM 27000 (spoken as 'SAM two-seven-thousand'), with SAM indicating 'Special Air Mission.' The VC-137C serial number 72-7000[a] was a customized version of the Boeing 707 which entered service during the Nixon administration in 1972. It served all US presidents until George W. Bush and was retired in 2001. It is now on display at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library.
Operational history
[edit]The plane first entered service in 1972 during the administration of Richard Nixon. SAM 27000 replaced the aging SAM 26000 as the primary means of presidential travel, although SAM 26000 remained as a back-up plane. SAM 27000 served seven presidents in its twenty-nine years of service: Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush. In 1990, it was replaced as the primary presidential plane by two Boeing VC-25 jumbo jets — SAM 28000 and SAM 29000.
Nixon and Ford
[edit]
Nixon was the first president to use this Air Force One, dubbing it and its sister plane, SAM 26000, the "Spirit of '76", having that phrase painted on the nose of the two aircraft, although later removed by President Carter.[1][2] Although SAM 27000 replaced SAM 26000 as Nixon's primary mode of aerial transportation, he chose to ride SAM 26000 when his family flew with him. Nixon garnered much attention for his frequent flying aboard Air Force One, usually flying to his homes in California and Florida, but also made many trips abroad, such as his trip to China in 1972. Top presidential aides and cabinet secretaries used the plane as well, including Secretary of State Henry Kissinger. When President Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, he flew to his home in Orange County, California aboard SAM 27000. While flying over Missouri en route to their destination, Colonel Ralph Albertazzie, the pilot, contacted Kansas City Center and had the aircraft's call sign changed from Air Force One to SAM 27000 due to Gerald Ford being sworn in.
Gerald Ford used SAM 27000 somewhat frequently, especially for his trips abroad, such as his meeting with Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev in Vladivostok in 1974. After experiencing two assassination attempts, Ford returned to the plane to hear his wife Betty quip "Well, how did they treat you in San Francisco?"[citation needed] During the Ford years, there was a growing number of airline hijackings and the threat of terrorism expanded, so both SAM 27000 and 26000 were equipped with defense systems to detect heat-seeking missiles.[citation needed] It was President Ford who first decided that the name of the aircraft itself should be Air Force One, along with the call sign.[citation needed]
Carter and Reagan
[edit]
Jimmy Carter made some changes to Air Force One that reflected his personal values.[citation needed] Carter preferred a simpler style of living, something he made apparent on SAM 27000; he even insisted that he and his family carry their own luggage aboard. Carter made regular use of the plane both for domestic use and for use abroad. In 1980, after the American Hockey Team defeated the Soviet Team, Carter sent SAM 27000 to pick up the team and bring them back to Washington, D.C. for a congratulatory ceremony.[3] Carter's last trip aboard 27000 was actually taken as a former president, when Ronald Reagan sent Carter to Germany on behalf of the American people, to welcome home the 52 American hostages that were held captive in Iran.[3]
Ronald Reagan was SAM 27000's most frequent flyer, flying longer and farther than all the other presidents who flew on it, traveling more than 675,000 miles aboard it.[4] Reagan used Air Force One to travel to all parts of the world to pursue his ambitious diplomatic goals, taking three trips to Asia, six to Europe, and twelve trips to foreign places in the Western Hemisphere. Reagan flew to three of his four summit meetings with Soviet Leader Mikhail Gorbachev aboard SAM 27000: Geneva, Reykjavík, and Moscow (one was held in Washington, D.C.) The Reagans' last flight aboard the plane was on January 20, 1989, when the then-former President and First Lady flew back to California.[citation needed]
Missions after replacement
[edit]
George H. W. Bush was the last president to use SAM 27000 as the primary means of presidential travel, for in 1990 the plane was replaced by two Boeing 747-200B jumbo jets, designated VC-25, although SAM 27000 was kept as a backup plane for Bush during the remainder of his presidency, as well as those of Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.
Former President Richard Nixon died on April 22, 1994, in New York City. SAM 27000 brought his body to the Marine Corps Air Station El Toro in Orange County, California, four days later. His body was then taken to the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace (now Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum) to lie in state before a funeral service and burial.
Its last Presidential voyage was August 29, 2001, when it delivered George W. Bush and Laura Bush to TSTC Waco Airport en route to their Prairie Chapel Ranch.[5]
Reagan Library
[edit]SAM 27000 was decommissioned and flown to San Bernardino International Airport (formerly Norton Air Force Base) in September 2001, where it was presented to the Reagan Foundation. In what was known as Operation Homeward Bound, Boeing, the plane's manufacturer, disassembled the plane and transported it to the library in pieces.[6] After the construction of the foundation of the pavilion itself, the plane was reassembled and restored to museum quality,[6] as well as raised onto pedestals 25 ft (7.6 m) above ground.[7] The pavilion was dedicated on October 24, 2005, by Nancy Reagan, President George W. Bush, and First Lady Laura Bush.[8]
See also
[edit]Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Notes
[edit]- ^ It is USAF practice to truncate the serial number as presented on the tail to five-figures, the last figure of the fiscal year and the last four of the serial, hence 27000
References
[edit]- ^ United Press International (July 31, 1971). "Air Force 1 Is Named 'Spirit of '76' by Nixon". The New York Times. p. 10.
- ^ United Press International (February 13, 1977). "'Spirit of '76' Deleted From President's Plane". The New York Times. p. 52.
- ^ a b Hardesty, Von (October 2003). Air Force One: The Aircraft That Shaped the Modern Presidency (1st ed.). Northword Press. p. 124. ISBN 9781589232334.
- ^ Walsh, Kenneth T. (2003). Air Force One: A History of the Presidents and Their Planes. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 1-4013-0004-9.
- ^ Air Force One Retires
- ^ a b "Reagan Air Force One Moves to Presidential Library" (Press release). Boeing. 20 June 2003. Archived from the original on 13 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ "The Journey of Air Force One". Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation. p. 3. Archived from the original on August 22, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-03.
- ^ Bush, George W. (2005-10-21). President Participates in Opening Ceremony for Air Force One Pavilion (Speech). Simi Valley, California. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
This article's main source is the following book:
- Hardesty, Von (2003). Air Force One: The Aircraft that Shaped the Modern Presidency. San Diego, California: Tehabi Books.
