Jump to content

Mark Lambert Bristol: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
 
(24 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown)
Line 10: Line 10:
|caption=
|caption=
|nickname=
|nickname=
|allegiance= {{flag|United States of America}}
|allegiance= [[United States of America]]
|branch= [[File:United States Department of the Navy Seal.svg|25px]] [[United States Navy]]
|branch= [[File:United States Department of the Navy Seal.svg|25px]] [[United States Navy]]
|serviceyears= 1887–1932
|serviceyears= 1887–1932
Line 21: Line 21:
}}
}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:MarkLambertBristol.jpg|thumb|Bristol c. 1920-1930]] -->
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:MarkLambertBristol.jpg|thumb|Bristol c. 1920-1930]] -->
'''Mark Lambert Bristol''' (April 17, 1868 – May 13, 1939) was a [[Rear admiral (United States)|Rear Admiral]] in the [[United States Navy]].
'''Mark Lambert Bristol''' (April 17, 1868 – May 13, 1939) was a [[rear admiral (United States)|rear admiral]] in the [[United States Navy]].


==Biography==
==Biography==
⚫
He was born on April 17, 1868, in [[Glassboro, New Jersey]]. Bristol graduated from the [[United States Naval Academy]] in 1887. During the [[Spanish–American War]], he served aboard the battleship [[USS Texas (1892)|USS ''Texas'']] and participated in the [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba]]. From 1901 to 1903, he served as aide to the [[Commander-in-chief|Commander-in-Chief]] [[North Atlantic Fleet]]. He commanded the battleship [[USS Oklahoma (BB-37)|USS ''Oklahoma'']] during [[World War I]].


He served as the US [[High Commissioner]] in [[Turkey]] (1919–1927). His correspondence and other documents that he gathered are often cited during discussions on numerous events of that era, including [[Turkish-Armenian relations]] in which he played a significant role in his opposition to Armenian aspirations and American involvement in assuming a [[Wilsonian Armenia|mandate in Armenia]].<ref>[[Richard G. Hovannisian|Hovannisian, Richard G.]], ''The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, p. 298, note 23.</ref>
He aided the Turks during the Greco-Turkish war by assuring the Turks that the United States and therefore the Allies would not intervene with their final solution for the Armenians and Greeks. He watched as the invading Turks pillaged, raped and murdered innocent christian civilians in Smyrna, the atrocities committed by the Turks were the most extreme acts of depravity. Turks roamed through the city killing, raping, mutilating and pillaging, the bodies were piling up in the streets, a humanitarian crisis of a magnitude never seen since the destruction of Carthage was unfolding before his very eyes. The harbor full of French, British, Italian and United States naval vessels up to Battleship class had together the resources to have prevented this humanitarian catastrophe. Bristol rather presided over his reporters that fabricated news to cover-up one of the greatest crimes against humanity in human history. The Turks next set fire to the city, hundreds of thousands of terrified civilians cramped on the narrow quay meters away from the burning buildings and against the deep blues waters of the Aegean. The intensity of the fires forced battleships to lift anchor to escape the heat radiation from the burning city. People jumped into the waters, mothers with their children preferring to drown then to burn. Turks moved through the terrified masses, killing, robbing, taking girls and women, raping them in front of their families and then mutilating them. Other Turks took to throwing buckets of kerosene on the people that were terrified beyond human endurance. The Turks had created hell on earth for their lust and amusement. Bristol witnessed all these atrocities but nevertheless continued to send out reports commending the discipline and restraint shown by the Turks.


[note to the deniers] The covering up of his active support of the Turks while they were committing the cruelest and most depraved atrocities against humanity and promulgating a lie that somehow this person was honorable is an intolerable as denying the Armenia, Greek and Jewish holocausts, it is an offense to good conscientiousness.


Topics from the period include racial and religious conflicts in the Near East; the [[Great Fire of Smyrna]]; Allied activities in pursuit of special interests, mandates, and empire; the decline of the Ottoman Empire; and the rise of [[Mustafa Kemal]] and the Turkish National Movement, which led to the founding of modern Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rs5.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2013/ms013044.pdf|title=Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2009|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref>


In 1927, Bristol assumed command of the [[Asiatic Fleet]] and helped found the American Hospital in [[Nişantaşı, İstanbul]], in 1920 and the annexed nursing school, which is still named Admiral Bristol Nursing School after him.
⚫
He was born on April 17, 1868, in [[Glassboro, New Jersey]]. Bristol graduated from the [[United States Naval Academy]] in 1887. During the [[Spanish–American War]], he served aboard the battleship [[USS Texas (1892)|USS ''Texas'']] and participated in the [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba]]. From 1901 to 1903, he served as aide to the [[Commander-in-chief|Commander-in-Chief]] [[North Atlantic Fleet]]. He commanded the battleship [[USS Oklahoma (BB-37)|USS ''Oklahoma'']] during [[World War I]].


⚫
Bristol served as chairman of the [[General Board of the United States Navy]] from 1930 to 1932 and died on May 13, 1939.<ref>{{cite news |title=Admiral Bristol Is Dead In Capital. Earned Distinction in High Positions at Sea and Ashore and in Diplomacy. Commissioner To Turkey. Commended by Hughes for His Work There. Had Headed the Asiatic Fleet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/05/14/archives/admiral-bristol-is-dead-in-capital-earned-distinction-in-high.html |work=[[New York Times]] |date=May 14, 1939 |accessdate=2010-12-03 }}</ref>
He served as the United States' [[High Commissioner]] in [[Turkey]] (1919–1927). His correspondence and other documents he gathered are often cited during discussions on numerous events of that era, including Turkish-Armenian relations, where he played a significant role in his opposition to Armenian aspirations and American involvement in assuming a [[Wilsonian Armenia|mandate in Armenia]],<ref>[[Richard G. Hovannisian|Hovannisian, Richard G.]], ''The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, p. 298, note 23.</ref> These documents include writings such as this in reference to a Greek newspaper reporter, "Mrs. Danos was typical of the races in this part of the country. She is obsequious and cringing and says she wants the truth but she probably couldn't write the truth if she knew it."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ureneck |first1=Lou |title=Smyrna |date=2016 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-0-06-225989-9 |page=255}}</ref> The collection includes several examples of such opinions. It is particularly rich in its coverage of Bristol's duties as commander of the U.S. Naval Detachment in Turkish Waters and concurrent service as United States high commissioner to Turkey after World War I. Topics from the period include racial and religious conflicts in the Near East; the [[Great fire of Smyrna]]; Allied activities in pursuit of special interests, mandates, and empire; the decline of the Ottoman Empire; and the rise of [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk|Mustafa Kemal]] and the Nationalist Movement that led to the founding of modern Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rs5.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2013/ms013044.pdf|title=Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2009|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}</ref>


In 1927, Rear Admiral Bristol assumed command of the [[Asiatic Fleet]]. He helped found the American Hospital in [[Nişantaşı, İstanbul]] in 1920, as well as the annexed nursing school which is named after him to this day (Admiral Bristol Nursing School).
After his death, in 1945 he was honored by the renaming of the American Hospital in Turkey to the Admiral Bristol American Hospital.

⚫
Bristol served as chairman of the [[General Board of the United States Navy]] from 1930 until 1932. He died on May 13, 1939.<ref>{{cite news |title=Admiral Bristol Is Dead In Capital. Earned Distinction in High Positions at Sea and Ashore and in Diplomacy. Commissioner To Turkey. Commended by Hughes for His Work There. Had Headed the Asiatic Fleet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/05/14/archives/admiral-bristol-is-dead-in-capital-earned-distinction-in-high.html |quote=Rear Admiral Mark L. Bristol, who retired in 1932 after forty-nine years in the Navy, died in the Naval Hospital here today at the age of 71. He entered the hospital on Monday after having undergone an operation at Johns Hopkins Hospital three weeks ago. ... |work=[[New York Times]] |date=May 14, 1939 |accessdate=2010-12-03 }}</ref>
After his death, in 1945 he was honored by renaming the American Hospital in Turkey to Admiral Bristol American Hospital.


==Namesakes==
==Namesakes==
Two ships have been named [[USS Bristol|USS ''Bristol'']] in his honor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two Destroyers are Launched |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6Yk1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1003,2253423&dq=mark+lambert+bristol&hl=en |quote=The destroyer was named in honor of the late Bear Mark Lambert Bristol who served In the Spanish–American War and the World War after which he was ... |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=July 25, 1941 |accessdate=2010-12-03 }}</ref>
Two ships have been named [[USS Bristol|USS ''Bristol'']] in his honor.<ref>{{cite news |title=Two Destroyers are Launched |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6Yk1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1003,2253423&dq=mark+lambert+bristol&hl=en |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=July 25, 1941 |accessdate=2010-12-03 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
Line 47: Line 45:
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book | title=Admiral Mark L. Bristol and Turkish-American relations, 1919–1922 | first=Peter Michael | last=Buzanski | publisher=University of California Press | year=1960}}
* {{cite book | title=Admiral Mark L. Bristol and Turkish-American relations, 1919–1922 | first=Peter Michael | last=Buzanski | publisher=University of California Press | year=1960}}

* {{cite book | first=Heath W. | last=Lowry | chapter=American Observers in Anatolia ca. 1920: The Bristol Papers | title=Armenians in the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey (1912–1926) | location=Istanbul | publisher=Tasvir Press | year=1984 | pages=42–58}}
* ''Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of a City'' by [[Marjorie Housepian Dobkin]] (1971)
* {{cite journal | first=Heath W. | last=Lowry | url=http://english.isam.org.tr/documents/_dosyalar/_pdfler/osmanli_arastirmalari_dergisi/osmanl%C4%B1_sy5/1986_5_LOWRYHW.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227195006/http://english.isam.org.tr/documents/_dosyalar/_pdfler/osmanli_arastirmalari_dergisi/osmanl%C4%B1_sy5/1986_5_LOWRYHW.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-12-27 | title=Richard G. Hovannisian on Lieutenant Robert Steed Dunn | journal=The Journal of Ottoman Studies | number=V | year=1985 | pages=209–252}}

* {{cite journal | first=Heath W. | last=Lowry | url=http://english.isam.org.tr/documents/_dosyalar/_pdfler/osmanli_arastirmalari_dergisi/osmanl%C4%B1_sy9/1989_9_LOWRYHW.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141227195448/http://english.isam.org.tr/documents/_dosyalar/_pdfler/osmanli_arastirmalari_dergisi/osmanl%C4%B1_sy9/1989_9_LOWRYHW.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=2014-12-27 | title=Turkish History: On Whose Sources Will it Be Based? A Case Study on the Burning of Izmir | journal=The Journal of Ottoman Studies | number=IX | year=1989 | pages=1–29}}
⚫
* ''[[Paradise Lost: Smyrna 1922]]'' by [[Giles Milton]], 2008, Sceptre, {{ISBN|978-0-340-83786-3}}
* {{cite journal | first=Ömer | last=Turan | title=Admiral Bristol and the Anti-Turkish Propaganda in the United States within the context of Turkish–Armenian Relations (1919–1922) | journal=International Military Review | number=87 | year=2007 | pages=177–193}}

⚫
* ''[[Paradise Lost: Smyrna 1922]]'', 2008, Sceptre, {{ISBN|978-0-340-83786-3}}
* Smyrna 1922: The Destruction of a City by Marjorie Housepian Dobkin and Majorie Housepian Dobkin
* ''The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924'' by [[Benny Morris]] and [[Dror Ze'evi]]

* Paradise Lost by Giles Milton
⚫
* ''The Blight of Asia: On the Systematic Extermination of Christian Populations in Asia'' by [[George Horton]]
* The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924 by Benny Morris and Dror Ze'evi
⚫
* THE BLIGHT of ASIA: On the Systematic Extermination of Christian Populations in Asia by George Horton


==External links==
==External links==
{{Portal|Biography}}
{{Portal|United States|Biography}}
* [http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/destroy/dd453txt.htm hazegray.org: USS ''Bristol'']
* [http://www.hazegray.org/danfs/destroy/dd453txt.htm hazegray.org: USS ''Bristol'']
* [http://www.greek-genocide.net/index.php/overview/documentation/268-admiral-mark-bristol-and-the-greek-genocide Admiral Mark Bristol]
* [http://www.greek-genocide.net/index.php/overview/documentation/268-admiral-mark-bristol-and-the-greek-genocide Admiral Mark Bristol]
Line 73: Line 70:
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1868 births]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:1939 deaths]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:People from Glassboro, New Jersey]]
[[Category:People from Glassboro, New Jersey]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Spanish–American War]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of the Spanish–American War]]
[[Category:United States Naval Academy alumni]]
[[Category:United States Naval Academy alumni]]
[[Category:United States Navy rear admirals]]
[[Category:United States Navy rear admirals]]

Latest revision as of 19:52, 12 September 2024

Mark Lambert Bristol
Born(1868-04-17)April 17, 1868
Glassboro, New Jersey
DiedMay 13, 1939(1939-05-13) (aged 71)
Washington, D.C.
AllegianceUnited States of America
Service / branch United States Navy
Years of service1887–1932
RankRear Admiral
Battles / warsSpanish–American War
• Battle of Santiago de Cuba
World War I
Turkish War of Independence
AwardsDistinguished Service Medal

Mark Lambert Bristol (April 17, 1868 – May 13, 1939) was a rear admiral in the United States Navy.

Biography

[edit]

He was born on April 17, 1868, in Glassboro, New Jersey. Bristol graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1887. During the Spanish–American War, he served aboard the battleship USS Texas and participated in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba. From 1901 to 1903, he served as aide to the Commander-in-Chief North Atlantic Fleet. He commanded the battleship USS Oklahoma during World War I.

He served as the US High Commissioner in Turkey (1919–1927). His correspondence and other documents that he gathered are often cited during discussions on numerous events of that era, including Turkish-Armenian relations in which he played a significant role in his opposition to Armenian aspirations and American involvement in assuming a mandate in Armenia.[1]


Topics from the period include racial and religious conflicts in the Near East; the Great Fire of Smyrna; Allied activities in pursuit of special interests, mandates, and empire; the decline of the Ottoman Empire; and the rise of Mustafa Kemal and the Turkish National Movement, which led to the founding of modern Turkey.[2]

In 1927, Bristol assumed command of the Asiatic Fleet and helped found the American Hospital in Nişantaşı, İstanbul, in 1920 and the annexed nursing school, which is still named Admiral Bristol Nursing School after him.

Bristol served as chairman of the General Board of the United States Navy from 1930 to 1932 and died on May 13, 1939.[3]

After his death, in 1945 he was honored by the renaming of the American Hospital in Turkey to the Admiral Bristol American Hospital.

Namesakes

[edit]

Two ships have been named USS Bristol in his honor.[4]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G., The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, p. 298, note 23.
  2. ^ "Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2009" (PDF).
  3. ^ "Admiral Bristol Is Dead In Capital. Earned Distinction in High Positions at Sea and Ashore and in Diplomacy. Commissioner To Turkey. Commended by Hughes for His Work There. Had Headed the Asiatic Fleet". New York Times. May 14, 1939. Retrieved 2010-12-03.
  4. ^ "Two Destroyers are Launched". Associated Press. July 25, 1941. Retrieved 2010-12-03.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Buzanski, Peter Michael (1960). Admiral Mark L. Bristol and Turkish-American relations, 1919–1922. University of California Press.
  • The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924 by Benny Morris and Dror Ze'evi
  • The Blight of Asia: On the Systematic Extermination of Christian Populations in Asia by George Horton
[edit]


Military offices
Preceded by Commander-in-Chief, United States Asiatic Fleet
9 September 1927 – 9 September 1929 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Mark_Lambert_Bristol&oldid=1245398249"