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{{short description|South African activist(1953 - 1982)}}
{{short description|South African activist (1953 - 1982)}}
{{Use South African English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use South African English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
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| known_for = Being killed by the Apartheid era [[Security Branch (South Africa)|Security Branch]] of the Police while being held in detention without trial.
| known_for = Being killed by the Apartheid era [[Security Branch (South Africa)|Security Branch]] of the Police while being held in detention without trial.
}}
}}
'''Neil Aggett''' (6 October 1953 – 5 February 1982) was a doctor and trade union organiser who was killed, while in detention, by the Security Branch of the Apartheid South African Police Service after being held for 70 days without trial.
'''Neil Aggett''' (6 October 1953 – 5 February 1982) was a Kenyan and South African doctor and trade union organiser who was killed, while in detention, by the Security Branch of the Apartheid South African Police Service after being held for 70 days without trial.


== Life and career ==
== Life and career ==


Aggett was born in [[Nanyuki]], [[Kenya]], and his family moved to South Africa in 1964, where he attended [[Kingswood College (South Africa)]] in [[Grahamstown]]{{sfn|Davies|2006}} from 1964 to 1970, and later the [[University of Cape Town]], where he completed a medical degree in 1976.<ref name="sahi_Dr.N">{{Cite web
Aggett was born in [[Nanyuki]], [[Kenya]], of White English descent, and his family moved to South Africa in 1964, where he attended [[Kingswood College (South Africa)]] in [[Grahamstown]]{{sfn|Davies|2006}} from 1964 to 1970, and later the [[University of Cape Town]], where he completed a medical degree in 1976.<ref name="sahi_Dr.N">{{Cite web
| title = Dr. Neil Hudson Aggett
| title = Dr. Neil Hudson Aggett
| work = South African History Online
| work = South African History Online
Line 37: Line 37:


== Detention and death ==
== Detention and death ==
Aggett was unjustly detained with his partner Dr Elizabeth Floyd by the Apartheid security police on 27 November 1981. His death on 5 February 1982, after 70 days of detention without trial, marked the 51st death in detention. He was 28 years old. He was the first white person to die in detention since 1963.{{sfn|Friedman|1987}} According to the Apartheid [[Security Branch (South Africa)|South African Security Police]], Aggett allegedly committed [[suicide]] by hanging himself while being held at the [[John Vorster Square]] police station.
Aggett was unjustly detained with his partner Dr Elizabeth Floyd by the Apartheid security police on 27 November 1981. His death on 5 February 1982, after 70 days of detention without trial, marked the 51st death in detention. He was 28 years old. He was the first white person to die in detention since 1963.{{sfn|Friedman|1987}} According to the Apartheid [[Security Branch (South Africa)|South African Security Police]], Aggett allegedly committed [[suicide]] by hanging himself while being held at the [[John Vorster Square]] police station.


About 15,000 mourners attended Aggett's funeral on 13 February 1982, including<ref>[http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/neil-aggett-buried-johannesburg Neil Aggett is buried in Johannesburg], SA History Online</ref> Bishop [[Desmond Tutu]].<ref name="grou_TheR">{{Cite web
About 15,000 mourners attended Aggett's funeral on 13 February 1982, including<ref>[http://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/neil-aggett-buried-johannesburg Neil Aggett is buried in Johannesburg], SA History Online</ref> Bishop [[Desmond Tutu]].<ref name="grou_TheR">{{Cite web
Line 58: Line 58:


=== Second inquest ===
=== Second inquest ===
The High Court in Johannesburg re-opened an inquest into Aggett's death on Monday, 20 January 2020, 38 years after his death by alleged suicide.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/high-court-probes-death-of-anti-apartheid-niel-aggett/ar-BBZaqvQ?li=BBqfWMJ&ocid=ACERDHP17] High Court probes death of anti-apartheid Niel Aggett</ref> Jill Burger, Aggett's sister, told the High Court during the Johannesburg inquest that her brother was killed when the torture went too far.<ref>[https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2020-01-22-neil-aggett-was-killed-when-torture-went-too-far-his-sister-tells-inquest/] Neil Aggett was killed when torture went too far, his sister tells inquest</ref>
The High Court in Johannesburg re-opened an inquest into Aggett's death on Monday, 20 January 2020, 38 years after his death by alleged suicide.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/high-court-probes-death-of-anti-apartheid-niel-aggett/ar-BBZaqvQ?li=BBqfWMJ&ocid=ACERDHP17] High Court probes death of anti-apartheid Niel Aggett</ref> Jill Burger, Aggett's sister, told the High Court during the Johannesburg inquest that her brother was killed when the torture went too far.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shange |first=Naledi |date=2020-01-22 |title=Neil Aggett was killed when torture went too far, his sister tells inquest |url=https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/2020-01-22-neil-aggett-was-killed-when-torture-went-too-far-his-sister-tells-inquest/ |website=www.dispatchlive.co.za}}</ref>


On 4 March 2022 Judge Motsamai Makume overturned the findings of the 1982 inquest in his ruling in the Johannesburg High Court. After a thorough inquiry based on factual evidence and depositions of former members of the Security Branch and fellow detainees, the court ruled that Dr. Neil Aggett did not die by suicide but was killed by members of the Apartheid Security Branch in the early hours of the morning on 5 February 1982. This sets in motion avenues for the National Prosecuting Authority to prosecute those Security Branch Police officers responsible for his death and the cover up which followed. Judge Makume referred to Judge Kotze's findings in the original inquest as 'a serious error in judgment' and his conclusions as 'mind-blowingly weak'.<ref>[https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-03-04-security-branch-cops-killed-neil-aggett-judge-rules/] Security Branch cops killed Neil Aggett, judge rules</ref>
On 4 March 2022 Judge Motsamai Makume overturned the findings of the 1982 inquest in his ruling in the Johannesburg High Court. After a thorough inquiry based on factual evidence and depositions of former members of the Security Branch and fellow detainees, the court ruled that Dr. Neil Aggett did not die by suicide but was killed by members of the Apartheid Security Branch in the early hours of the morning on 5 February 1982. This sets in motion avenues for the National Prosecuting Authority to prosecute those Security Branch Police officers responsible for his death and the cover up which followed. Judge Makume referred to Judge Kotze's findings in the original inquest as 'a serious error in judgment' and his conclusions as 'mind-blowingly weak'.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ho |first=Ufrieda |date=2022-03-04 |title=Security Branch cops killed Neil Aggett, judge rules |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-03-04-security-branch-cops-killed-neil-aggett-judge-rules/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref>


The inquest on 4th March 2022 found that Dr. Aggett didn’t die of hanging but due to Crush Syndrome caused by beatings and forcible exercise at the John Vorster Prison, Johannesburg. The details were published in the Journal of Medicine and Public Health, Chicago IL 60659, USA
The inquest on 4 March 2022 found that Dr. Aggett didn’t die of hanging but due to Crush Syndrome caused by beatings and forcible exercise at the John Vorster Prison, Johannesburg. The details were published in the Journal of Medicine and Public Health, Chicago IL 60659, USA
<ref>[http://www.medtextpublications.com/open-access/forensic-evidence-recording-of-the-human-body-brought-dead-due-1147.pdf</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forensic Evidence Recording of the Human Body brought dead due 1147 |url=http://www.medtextpublications.com/open-access/forensic-evidence-recording-of-the-human-body-brought-dead-due-1147.pdf |website=www.medtextpublications.com}}</ref>


==Honours and legacy==
==Honours and legacy==
[[File:Neil Aggett's charcoal image being donated by Dr, Amitabh Mitra to Kingswood College.jpg|thumb|right|Donating the charcoal image of Dr. Neil Aggett by Dr [[Amitabh Mitra]] to Kingswood College]][[Johnny Clegg]] included a tribute to Aggett in his song, ''[[Asimbonanga|Asimbonanga (Mandela)]]'' on the [[Third World Child]] album (1987). Clegg also wrote the song "Siyayilanda" on the [[Scatterlings]] album (1982) for Aggett.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnny Clegg & Savuka Montreux 1987 [19:30] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rEAxYUZTS8&t=1170s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/9rEAxYUZTS8 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[George Bizos]] includes a chapter on the Aggett inquest in the book ''No One to Blame?: In Pursuit of Justice in South Africa.''{{sfn|Bizos|1998}} [[Donald McRae (author)|Donald McRae]] reveals how Aggett's death in detention deeply affected himself and his family in his memoir ''Under Our Skin''{{sfn|McRae|2012}} 'Death of an Idealist: In Search of Neil Aggett' is a full referenced biography by [[Beverley Naidoo]], with a Foreword by [[George Bizos]] SC.{{sfn|Naidoo|2012}}
[[File:Neil Aggett's charcoal image being donated by Dr, Amitabh Mitra to Kingswood College.jpg|thumb|right|Donating the charcoal image of Dr. Neil Aggett by Dr [[Amitabh Mitra]] to Kingswood College]][[Johnny Clegg]] included a tribute to Aggett in his song, ''[[Asimbonanga|Asimbonanga (Mandela)]]'' on the [[Third World Child]] album (1987). Clegg also wrote the song "Siyayilanda" on the [[Scatterlings]] album (1982) for Aggett.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Johnny Clegg & Savuka Montreux 1987 [19:30] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rEAxYUZTS8&t=1170s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/9rEAxYUZTS8 |archive-date=2021-12-21 |website=[[YouTube]]| date=19 April 2021 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[George Bizos]] includes a chapter on the Aggett inquest in the book ''No One to Blame?: In Pursuit of Justice in South Africa.''{{sfn|Bizos|1998}} [[Donald McRae (author)|Donald McRae]] reveals how Aggett's death in detention deeply affected himself and his family in his memoir ''Under Our Skin''{{sfn|McRae|2012}} 'Death of an Idealist: In Search of Neil Aggett' is a full referenced biography by [[Beverley Naidoo]], with a Foreword by [[George Bizos]] SC.{{sfn|Naidoo|2012}}


The [[South African Medical Association]], a non-statutory, [[professional association]] for public- and private-sector [[medical practitioners]] in South Africa never recognized the tireless deeds for the underprivileged by Dr. Neil Aggett and subsequent torture leading to his death at John Vorster Prison, Johannesburg.
The [[South African Medical Association]], a non-statutory, [[professional association]] for public- and private-sector [[medical practitioners]] in South Africa never recognized the tireless deeds for the underprivileged by Dr. Neil Aggett and subsequent torture leading to his death at John Vorster Prison, Johannesburg.
Line 74: Line 74:
=== Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture ===
=== Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture ===


The Annual Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture is held at [[Kingswood College (South Africa)|Kingswood College]], [[Grahamstown]]. Aggett attended Kingswood College from 1964-1970.The lecture focuses on memories of Neil Aggett and looks at the concept of injustice and what injustice is, and how we, as a society, face more injustices than ever before. Dr [[Amitabh Mitra]], was a special guest at the year 2019 lecture as he presented the school with a charcoal drawing that he drew of Neil Aggett. This drawing is one very few visual representations of Aggett and will be displayed in the Kingswood College Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kingswoodcollege.com/2019/03/21/13th-annual-neil-aggett-memorial-lecture/|title=Annual Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture, Kingswood College, Grahahamstown|date=21 March 2019 }}</ref>
The Annual Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture is held at [[Kingswood College (South Africa)|Kingswood College]], [[Grahamstown]]. Aggett attended Kingswood College from 1964-1970.The lecture focuses on memories of Neil Aggett and looks at the concept of injustice and what injustice is, and how we, as a society, face more injustices than ever before. Dr [[Amitabh Mitra]], was a special guest at the year 2019 lecture as he presented the school with a charcoal drawing that he drew of Neil Aggett. This drawing is one of very few visual representations of Aggett and will be displayed in the Kingswood College Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kingswoodcollege.com/2019/03/21/13th-annual-neil-aggett-memorial-lecture/|title=Annual Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture, Kingswood College, Grahahamstown|date=21 March 2019 }}</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==

Latest revision as of 01:02, 13 September 2024

Neil Aggett
Neil Aggett. Charcoal on paper by Dr Amitabh Mitra
Born
Neil Aggett

6 October 1953
Nanyuki, Kenya
Died5 February 1982(1982-02-05) (aged 28)
Johannesburg, South Africa
Burial placeWestpark Cemetery
NationalitySouth African
OccupationMedical Doctor & Trade Unionist
Known forBeing killed by the Apartheid era Security Branch of the Police while being held in detention without trial.

Neil Aggett (6 October 1953 – 5 February 1982) was a Kenyan and South African doctor and trade union organiser who was killed, while in detention, by the Security Branch of the Apartheid South African Police Service after being held for 70 days without trial.

Life and career

[edit]

Aggett was born in Nanyuki, Kenya, of White English descent, and his family moved to South Africa in 1964, where he attended Kingswood College (South Africa) in Grahamstown[1] from 1964 to 1970, and later the University of Cape Town, where he completed a medical degree in 1976.[2]

Aggett worked as a physician in Black hospitals (under apartheid hospitals were segregated) in Umtata, Tembisa and later at Baragwanath hospital in Soweto, working in Casualty and learning to speak in basic Zulu. He was appointed an unpaid organiser of the Transvaal Food and Canning Workers' Union, and helped to organise the workers at Fatti’s and Moni’s in Isando, at a critical time when the company faced a growing boycott campaign for having unfairly dismissed workers at its factory in Bellville, Western Cape.[3] He worked as a doctor on Wednesday nights and Friday nights so he could continue with his union work.[4]

Following a historic gathering in Langa near Cape Town, in August 1981, of unions that had previously been fiercely divided, he was entrusted with building a Transvaal Solidarity Committee.[5]

Detention and death

[edit]

Aggett was unjustly detained with his partner Dr Elizabeth Floyd by the Apartheid security police on 27 November 1981. His death on 5 February 1982, after 70 days of detention without trial, marked the 51st death in detention. He was 28 years old. He was the first white person to die in detention since 1963.[3] According to the Apartheid South African Security Police, Aggett allegedly committed suicide by hanging himself while being held at the John Vorster Square police station.

About 15,000 mourners attended Aggett's funeral on 13 February 1982, including[6] Bishop Desmond Tutu.[7] Previously divided unions called for a joint stay-away two days before the funeral, to which about 90,000 workers from across the country responded.[8] Aggett is buried in the Westpark Cemetery in Johannesburg.

First inquest

[edit]

The inquest into his death lasted 44 days. The Aggett team of lawyers, led by anti-Apartheid activist and senior legal counsel George Bizos with Denis Kuny as his junior, used 'similar fact' evidence and argued 'induced suicide'. For the first time in a South African court of law, former detainees gave evidence of torture. Aggett made an affidavit 14 hours before his death that he had been assaulted, blindfolded and given electric shocks. However, Magistrate Kotze ruled that the death was not brought about by any act or omission on the part of the Apartheid police.[5]

Some five years after his death, at the 1987 conference of the Five Freedoms Forum, fellow detainee Frank Chikane recalled how he had seen Aggett in jail returning from one of his interrogations, being half carried, half dragged by warders; Chikane saw this as a sign of how badly injured Aggett was at the time.

Second inquest

[edit]

The High Court in Johannesburg re-opened an inquest into Aggett's death on Monday, 20 January 2020, 38 years after his death by alleged suicide.[9] Jill Burger, Aggett's sister, told the High Court during the Johannesburg inquest that her brother was killed when the torture went too far.[10]

On 4 March 2022 Judge Motsamai Makume overturned the findings of the 1982 inquest in his ruling in the Johannesburg High Court. After a thorough inquiry based on factual evidence and depositions of former members of the Security Branch and fellow detainees, the court ruled that Dr. Neil Aggett did not die by suicide but was killed by members of the Apartheid Security Branch in the early hours of the morning on 5 February 1982. This sets in motion avenues for the National Prosecuting Authority to prosecute those Security Branch Police officers responsible for his death and the cover up which followed. Judge Makume referred to Judge Kotze's findings in the original inquest as 'a serious error in judgment' and his conclusions as 'mind-blowingly weak'.[11]

The inquest on 4 March 2022 found that Dr. Aggett didn’t die of hanging but due to Crush Syndrome caused by beatings and forcible exercise at the John Vorster Prison, Johannesburg. The details were published in the Journal of Medicine and Public Health, Chicago IL 60659, USA [12]

Honours and legacy

[edit]
Donating the charcoal image of Dr. Neil Aggett by Dr Amitabh Mitra to Kingswood College

Johnny Clegg included a tribute to Aggett in his song, Asimbonanga (Mandela) on the Third World Child album (1987). Clegg also wrote the song "Siyayilanda" on the Scatterlings album (1982) for Aggett.[13] George Bizos includes a chapter on the Aggett inquest in the book No One to Blame?: In Pursuit of Justice in South Africa.[14] Donald McRae reveals how Aggett's death in detention deeply affected himself and his family in his memoir Under Our Skin[15] 'Death of an Idealist: In Search of Neil Aggett' is a full referenced biography by Beverley Naidoo, with a Foreword by George Bizos SC.[5]

The South African Medical Association, a non-statutory, professional association for public- and private-sector medical practitioners in South Africa never recognized the tireless deeds for the underprivileged by Dr. Neil Aggett and subsequent torture leading to his death at John Vorster Prison, Johannesburg.

The Neil Aggett Labour Studies Unit (NALSU) at Rhodes University is named in honour of Aggett.[16]

Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture

[edit]

The Annual Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture is held at Kingswood College, Grahamstown. Aggett attended Kingswood College from 1964-1970.The lecture focuses on memories of Neil Aggett and looks at the concept of injustice and what injustice is, and how we, as a society, face more injustices than ever before. Dr Amitabh Mitra, was a special guest at the year 2019 lecture as he presented the school with a charcoal drawing that he drew of Neil Aggett. This drawing is one of very few visual representations of Aggett and will be displayed in the Kingswood College Museum.[17]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Davies 2006.
  2. ^ "Dr. Neil Hudson Aggett". South African History Online. Archived from the original on 22 September 2012. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  3. ^ a b Friedman 1987.
  4. ^ Kiloh, Margaret; Sibeko, Archie (2000). A Fighting Union. Randburg: Ravan Press. p. 80. ISBN 0869755277.
  5. ^ a b c Naidoo 2012.
  6. ^ Neil Aggett is buried in Johannesburg, SA History Online
  7. ^ Isaacs, Doron (20 June 2012). "The Role of White Youth in South Africa's Struggle Movements". Groundup. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
  8. ^ Tomaselli 1983.
  9. ^ [1] High Court probes death of anti-apartheid Niel Aggett
  10. ^ Shange, Naledi (22 January 2020). "Neil Aggett was killed when torture went too far, his sister tells inquest". www.dispatchlive.co.za.
  11. ^ Ho, Ufrieda (4 March 2022). "Security Branch cops killed Neil Aggett, judge rules". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  12. ^ "Forensic Evidence Recording of the Human Body brought dead due 1147" (PDF). www.medtextpublications.com.
  13. ^ "Johnny Clegg & Savuka Montreux 1987 [19:30]". YouTube. 19 April 2021. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021.
  14. ^ Bizos 1998.
  15. ^ McRae 2012.
  16. ^ Rhodes University (3 February 2013). "About NALSU". NALSU. Rhodes University. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  17. ^ "Annual Neil Aggett Memorial Lecture, Kingswood College, Grahahamstown". 21 March 2019.

References

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