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{{Short description|Japanese biochemist}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Osamu Hayaishi
| name = Osamu Hayaishi
| native_name = 早石 修
| native_name = 早石 修
| native_name_lang = ja
| native_name_lang = ja
| image =
| image = Osamu_Hayaishi.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
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| citizenship =
| citizenship =
| nationality = Japanese
| nationality = Japanese
| fields = [[Biochemistry]]
| fields = [[Biochemistry]]<br/>[[Physiology]]
| workplaces = [[Osaka Bioscience Institute]]<br>[[Osaka Medical College]]<br>[[Kyoto University]]<br>[[Vanderbilt University]]<br>[[University of Tokyo]]<br>[[Osaka University]]<br>[[Washington University in St. Louis]]<br>[[National Institutes of Health]]
| workplaces = [[Osaka Bioscience Institute]]<br>[[Osaka Medical College]]<br>[[Kyoto University]]<br>[[Vanderbilt University]]<br>[[University of Tokyo]]<br>[[Osaka University]]<br>[[Washington University in St. Louis]]<br>[[National Institutes of Health]]
| alma_mater = [[Osaka University]]
| alma_mater = [[Osaka University]]
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| influences =
| influences =
| influenced =
| influenced =
| awards = [[Japan Academy|Japan Academy Prize]] {{small|(1967)}}<br/> [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1972)}}<br/> [[Wolf Prize in Medicine |Wolf Prize]] {{small|(1986)}}
| awards = [[Japan Academy|Japan Academy Prize]] {{small|(1967)}}<br/> [[Order of Culture]] {{small|(1972)}}<br/> [[Wolf Prize in Medicine|Wolf Prize]] {{small|(1986)}}
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
| signature_alt =
| signature_alt =
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| spouse =
| spouse =
}}
}}
{{nihongo|'''Osamu Hayaishi''' [[Japan Academy|MJA]] |早石 修|Hayaishi Osamu|January 8, 1920 – December 17, 2015}}, was a Japanese [[biochemist]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:京大名誉教授の早石修さん死去　「酸素添加酵素」を発見|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASHDM432NHDMPLBJ002.html|publisher=Asahi|accessdate=19 December 2015|language=Japanese}}</ref> He discovered [[Oxygenases]] at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, [[National Institutes of Health]] in 1955.<ref>{{Cite journal
{{nihongo|'''Osamu Hayaishi''' [[Japan Academy|MJA]] |早石 修|Hayaishi Osamu|January 8, 1920 – December 17, 2015}}, was a Japanese [[biochemist]], [[physiologist]], and [[military physician]].<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:京大名誉教授の早石修さん死去 「酸素添加酵素」を発見|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASHDM432NHDMPLBJ002.html|publisher=Asahi|access-date=19 December 2015|language=ja}}</ref> He discovered [[Oxygenases]] at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, [[National Institutes of Health]] in 1955.<ref>{{Cite journal
⚫
| pmid =
| year = 1955
| year = 1955
| author1 = Hayaishi
| last1 = Hayaishi
| first1 = O
| first1 = O
| title = MECHANISM OF THE PYROCATECHASE REACTION
| title = Mechanism of the Pyrocatechase Reaction
| journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society
| journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society
| volume = 77
| volume = 77
⚫
| issue = 20
| pages = 5450–1
| pages = 5450–1
| last2 = Katagiri
| last2 = Katagiri
Line 44: Line 45:
| first3 = S
| first3 = S
| doi=10.1021/ja01625a095
| doi=10.1021/ja01625a095
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Citing his "outstanding and pioneering contributions to biomedical sciences and enzymology," the [[Wolf Foundation]] awarded Hayaishi the 1986 [[Wolf Prize in Medicine]] "for his discovery of the oxygenase enzymes and elucidation of their structure and biological importance".<ref>{{cite web|title=The 1986 Wolf Foundation Prize in Medicine|url=http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=495&language=eng|publisher=Wolf Foundation|accessdate=May 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.wolffund.org.il/cat.asp?id=24&cat_title=MEDICINE The Wolf Prize in Medicine] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226015735/http://www.wolffund.org.il/cat.asp?id=24&cat_title=MEDICINE |date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref>
Citing his "outstanding and pioneering contributions to biomedical sciences and [[enzymology]]," the [[Wolf Foundation]] awarded Hayaishi the 1986 [[Wolf Prize in Medicine]] "for his discovery of the oxygenase enzymes and elucidation of their structure and biological importance".<ref>{{cite web|title=The 1986 Wolf Foundation Prize in Medicine|url=http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=495&language=eng|publisher=Wolf Foundation|access-date=May 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.wolffund.org.il/cat.asp?id=24&cat_title=MEDICINE The Wolf Prize in Medicine] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226015735/http://www.wolffund.org.il/cat.asp?id=24&cat_title=MEDICINE |date=February 26, 2009 }}</ref>


Hayaishi was President of [[International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]] from 1973 to 1976.<ref>{{cite journal
Hayaishi was President of [[International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]] from 1973 to 1976.<ref>{{cite journal
| author1 = Hayaishi
| last1 = Hayaishi
| first1 = O
| first1 = O
| title = Memoirs of a biochemist
| title = Memoirs of a biochemist
| journal = IUBMB Life (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Life)
| journal = IUBMB Life
| volume = 58
| volume = 58
| issue = 5-6
| issue = 5–6
| year = 2006
| year = 2006
| pages = 242–5
| pages = 242–5
| issn=1521-6543
| issn=1521-6543
| doi=10.1080/15216540600702271}}</ref>
| doi=10.1080/15216540600702271| pmid = 16754304
| s2cid = 36815233
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>


== Biography ==
== Biography ==
Hayaishi was born in [[Stockton, California]], [[United States]], in 1920. He completed his medical degree in 1942 from [[Osaka University]]. After serving as a medical officer in the Japanese Navy for 3 years, he joined the Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1949.
Hayaishi was born in [[Stockton, California]], [[United States]], in 1920. He completed his medical degree in 1942 from [[Osaka University]]. After serving as a medical officer in the Japanese Navy for 3 years, he joined the Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1949.


After working with [[Arthur Kornberg]] at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health and [[Washington University in St. Louis]], Hayaishi served as a research group leader or a professor at various research institutions in the US and Japan including [[Kyoto University]], and led approximately 600 graduate students in his life including [[Yasutomi Nishizuka]], [[Tasuku Honjo]], and [[Shigetada Nakanishi]]. More than 100 his pupils became professors at various universities in Japan.<ref>[http://www.brh.co.jp/s_library/j_site/scientistweb/no28/index.html "運・鈍・根　酸素添加酵素と睡眠" Biography of Osamu Hayaishi]{{ja icon}}</ref>
After working with [[Arthur Kornberg]] at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health and [[Washington University in St. Louis]], Hayaishi served as a research group leader or a professor at various research institutions in the US and Japan including [[Kyoto University]], and led approximately 600 graduate students in his life including [[Yasutomi Nishizuka]], [[Tasuku Honjo]]- 2018 Nobel laureate in medicine or physiology, and [[Shigetada Nakanishi]]. More than 100 his pupils became professors at various universities in Japan.<ref>[http://www.brh.co.jp/s_library/j_site/scientistweb/no28/index.html "運・鈍・根　酸素添加酵素と睡眠" Biography of Osamu Hayaishi]{{in lang|ja}}</ref>


== Research ==
== Research ==
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| pmid = 16754308
| pmid = 16754308
| year = 2006
| year = 2006
| author1 = Urade
| last1 = Urade
| first1 = Y
| first1 = Y
| title = Twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of somnogenic activity of prostaglandin D2: sleep research directed by Osamu Hayaishi
| title = Twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of somnogenic activity of prostaglandin D2: sleep research directed by Osamu Hayaishi
| journal = IUBMB Life (International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Life)
| journal = IUBMB Life
| volume = 58
| volume = 58
| issue = 5-6
| issue = 5–6
| pages = 254–6
| pages = 254–6
| doi = 10.1080/15216540600756038
| doi = 10.1080/15216540600756038
| s2cid = 36695179
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


== Recognition ==
== Recognition ==
Hayaishi was awarded several honors including, the Asahi Prize (1964), the Japan Academy Prize (1967), the Order of Culture (1972), the Louis and Bert Freedman Foundation Award from the New York Academy of Sciences (1976), the Wolf Prize in Medicine (1986), and the Distinguished Scientist Award of the World Federation of Sleep Research Societies (1999).
Hayaishi was awarded several honors including, the Asahi Prize (1964), the Japan Academy Prize (1967), the Order of Culture (1972), the Louis and Bert Freedman Foundation Award from the New York Academy of Sciences (1976), the [[Wolf Prize in Medicine]] (1986), and the Distinguished Scientist Award of the World Federation of Sleep Research Societies (1999).


Hayaishi was also elected as a foreign member of several academies, as well as a member of the Japan Academy (MJA) in 1974.
Hayaishi was also elected as a foreign member of several academies, as well as a member of the Japan Academy (MJA) in 1974.
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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070211023701/http://www.wolffund.org.il/full.asp?id=90 The Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1986 (detail)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070211023701/http://www.wolffund.org.il/full.asp?id=90 The Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1986 (detail)]
* [https://archive.is/20070730180256/http://www.iubmb.unibe.ch/index.php?id=171 A Profile of Osamu Hayaishi]
* [https://archive.today/20070730180256/http://www.iubmb.unibe.ch/index.php?id=171 A Profile of Osamu Hayaishi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030203054/http://www.obi.or.jp/Dr.Hayaishi-H.P/Dr.Hayaishi-E/Profile-E.html Hayaishi's profile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030203054/http://www.obi.or.jp/Dr.Hayaishi-H.P/Dr.Hayaishi-E/Profile-E.html Hayaishi's profile]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030203004/http://www.obi.or.jp/Dr.Hayaishi-H.P/Dr.Hayaishi-E/historyE.html Hayaishi Research history]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071030203004/http://www.obi.or.jp/Dr.Hayaishi-H.P/Dr.Hayaishi-E/historyE.html Hayaishi Research history]
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[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese physicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Japanese physicians]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Foreign fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Japanese biochemists]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese biochemists]]
[[Category:Japanese military doctors]]
[[Category:Japanese military doctors]]
[[Category:Japanese physiologists]]
[[Category:Japanese physiologists]]
[[Category:Kyoto University faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Kyoto University]]
[[Category:Members of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]
[[Category:Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]
[[Category:Members of the Japan Academy]]
[[Category:Osaka University alumni]]
[[Category:Osaka University alumni]]
[[Category:Osaka University faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Osaka University]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Culture]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Culture]]
[[Category:University of Tokyo faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Tokyo]]
[[Category:Wolf Prize in Medicine laureates]]
[[Category:Wolf Prize in Medicine laureates]]
[[Category:American emigrants to Japan]]
[[Category:Presidents of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]]
[[Category:Washington University School of Medicine faculty]]

Latest revision as of 08:36, 13 September 2024

Osamu Hayaishi
早石 修
Born(1920-01-08)January 8, 1920
Stockton, California, USA
DiedDecember 17, 2015(2015-12-17) (aged 95)
Kyoto, Japan
NationalityJapanese
Alma materOsaka University
Known forOxygenases
Prostaglandin
AwardsJapan Academy Prize (1967)
Order of Culture (1972)
Wolf Prize (1986)
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry
Physiology
InstitutionsOsaka Bioscience Institute
Osaka Medical College
Kyoto University
Vanderbilt University
University of Tokyo
Osaka University
Washington University in St. Louis
National Institutes of Health
Doctoral studentsYasutomi Nishizuka
Tasuku Honjo
Shigetada Nakanishi

Osamu Hayaishi MJA (早石 修, Hayaishi Osamu, January 8, 1920 – December 17, 2015), was a Japanese biochemist, physiologist, and military physician.[1] He discovered Oxygenases at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health in 1955.[2]

Citing his "outstanding and pioneering contributions to biomedical sciences and enzymology," the Wolf Foundation awarded Hayaishi the 1986 Wolf Prize in Medicine "for his discovery of the oxygenase enzymes and elucidation of their structure and biological importance".[3][4]

Hayaishi was President of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from 1973 to 1976.[5]

Biography

[edit]

Hayaishi was born in Stockton, California, United States, in 1920. He completed his medical degree in 1942 from Osaka University. After serving as a medical officer in the Japanese Navy for 3 years, he joined the Institute of Microbial Diseases, Osaka University and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1949.

After working with Arthur Kornberg at the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health and Washington University in St. Louis, Hayaishi served as a research group leader or a professor at various research institutions in the US and Japan including Kyoto University, and led approximately 600 graduate students in his life including Yasutomi Nishizuka, Tasuku Honjo- 2018 Nobel laureate in medicine or physiology, and Shigetada Nakanishi. More than 100 his pupils became professors at various universities in Japan.[6]

Research

[edit]

Hayaishi, along with group members, is recognized for his great contributions to biomedical sciences and enzymology, especially the discovery of Oxygenases group of enzymes. These enzymes are widely distributed in nature and represent a unique group of respiratory enzymes that catalyze the direct incorporation of molecular oxygen into various substrates.

Hayaishi is also known for his discovery of the sleep-inducing action of Prostaglandin D2.[7]

Recognition

[edit]

Hayaishi was awarded several honors including, the Asahi Prize (1964), the Japan Academy Prize (1967), the Order of Culture (1972), the Louis and Bert Freedman Foundation Award from the New York Academy of Sciences (1976), the Wolf Prize in Medicine (1986), and the Distinguished Scientist Award of the World Federation of Sleep Research Societies (1999).

Hayaishi was also elected as a foreign member of several academies, as well as a member of the Japan Academy (MJA) in 1974.

In 1984, the honorary citizenship of Kyoto was awarded to Hayaishi.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 京大名誉教授の早石修さん死去 「酸素添加酵素」を発見 (in Japanese). Asahi. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  2. ^ Hayaishi, O; Katagiri, M; Rothberg, S (1955). "Mechanism of the Pyrocatechase Reaction". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 77 (20): 5450–1. doi:10.1021/ja01625a095.
  3. ^ "The 1986 Wolf Foundation Prize in Medicine". Wolf Foundation. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
  4. ^ The Wolf Prize in Medicine Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Hayaishi, O (2006). "Memoirs of a biochemist". IUBMB Life. 58 (5–6): 242–5. doi:10.1080/15216540600702271. ISSN 1521-6543. PMID 16754304. S2CID 36815233.
  6. ^ "運・鈍・根　酸素添加酵素と睡眠" Biography of Osamu Hayaishi(in Japanese)
  7. ^ Urade, Y (2006). "Twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of somnogenic activity of prostaglandin D2: sleep research directed by Osamu Hayaishi". IUBMB Life. 58 (5–6): 254–6. doi:10.1080/15216540600756038. PMID 16754308. S2CID 36695179.
[edit]
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