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{{Short description|Belgian biochemist (1909–1988)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
'''Jean Louis Auguste Brachet''' (19 March 1909 – 10 August 1988) was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] biochemist who made a key contribution in understanding the role of [[RNA]].
'''Jean Louis Auguste Brachet''' (19 March 1909 – 10 August 1988) was a [[Belgium|Belgian]] biochemist who made a key contribution in understanding the role of [[RNA]].
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| birth_name = Jean Brachet
| birth_name = Jean Brachet
| name = Jean Brachet
| name = Jean Brachet
| honorific_suffix = FRS
| image =
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = 19 March 1909
| birth_date = 19 March 1909
| birth_place = [[Etterbeek]]
| birth_place = [[Etterbeek]], Belgium
| nationality = Belgian
| nationality = Belgian
| death_date = 10 August 1988 at 79 years
| death_date = 10 August 1988 at 79 years
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* [[Molecular biology]]}}
* [[Molecular biology]]}}
| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
* [[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Free University of Brussels]]{{efn|Not the post-1969 [[Université libre de Bruxelles]], but its predecessor institution.}}
* [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]
* [[University of Cambridge]]
* [[University of Cambridge]]
* [[Princeton University]]
* [[Princeton University]]
* Several institutes of marine biological research
* Several institutes of marine biological research
* Professor of Animal Morphology and General Biology at the [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]
* Professor of Animal Morphology and General Biology at the [[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Université Libre de Bruxelles]]
* Research Director of the [[Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica|International Laboratory for Genetics and Biophysics]] in [[Naples]]}}
* Research Director of the [[Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica|International Laboratory for Genetics and Biophysics]] in [[Naples]]}}
| education = [[L'Ecole Alsacienne]], Paris
| education = L'[[École alsacienne]], Paris
| alma_mater =[[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Université Libre de Bruxelles]]
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
* [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]}}
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| thesis_title =
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year = | known_for = {{Plainlist|
* Role of [[RNA]] in protein synthesis}}
* Role of [[RNA]] in protein synthesis}}
| prizes = {{Plainlist|
<!--| prizes = {{Plainlist|
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]
* [[Académie royale de médecine de Belgique]]
* [[Académie royale de médecine de Belgique]]
* [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
* [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
* [[German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]
* [[German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina]]
* [[National Academy of Sciences]]}}
* [[National Academy of Sciences]]}}-->
| spouse =
| spouse =
| children =
| children =
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==Life==
==Life==


Brachet was born in [[Etterbeek]] near [[Brussels]] in [[Belgium]], the son of [[Albert Brachet]], embryologist.
Brachet was born in [[Etterbeek]] near [[Brussels]] in [[Belgium]], the son of [[Albert Brachet]], an eminent embryologist.<ref name=pirie/>


He was educated at L'Ecole Alsacienne in [[Paris]]<ref name="royalsoced.org.uk">http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf</ref> then studied medicine at the [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] graduating in 1934. He then worked at the [[University of Cambridge]] and at [[Princeton University]] and at several institutes of marine biological research. Brachet was appointed Professor of Animal Morphology and General Biology at the [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]] and Research Director of the International Laboratory for Genetics and Biophysics in [[Naples]].
He was educated at L'[[École alsacienne]] in [[Paris]] and the {{interlanguage link|Royal Athenaeum of Ixelles in Brussels|fr|Athénée royal d'Ixelles}}. He studied medicine at the {{lang|fr|[[Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)|Université Libre de Bruxelles]]}}, graduating in 1934. He then worked at the [[University of Cambridge]] and at [[Princeton University]] and at several institutes of marine biological research.<ref name=pirie>{{cite journal |last1=Pirie |first1=N. W. |title=Jean Brachet. 19 March 1909-10 August 1988 |journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society |date=1990 |volume=36 |pages=85–99 |jstor=770081 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/770081 |issn=0080-4606}}</ref>


Brachet was appointed Professor of Animal Morphology and General Biology at the {{lang|fr|Université libre de Bruxelles}} ('Free University of Brussels', the institution operating between 1834 and 1969) and Research Director of the International Laboratory for Genetics and Biophysics in [[Naples]].<ref name="royalsoced.org.uk">{{Cite book |url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf |title=Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: Part 1 (A–J) |author1=C. D. Waterston |author2=A Macmillan Shearer |publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] |isbn=090219884X |date=July 2006 |access-date=18 September 2015 |archive-date=24 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124115814/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp1.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref>
In 1933 Brachet was able to show that [[DNA]] was found in [[chromosomes]] and that RNA was present in the [[cytoplasm]] of all cells.<ref>Sapp J., ''Jean Brachet, L'Hérédité Générale and the Origins of Molecular Embryology'', History and philosophy of the life sciences (Hist. philos. life sci.), 1997, vol. 19, no 1 (dissem.), pp. 69–87, ISSN 0391-9714</ref> His work with [[Torbjörn Oskar Caspersson|Torbjörn Caspersson]] showed that RNA plays an active role in protein synthesis. Brachet also carried out pioneering work in the field of [[cell differentiation]]. Brachet demonstrated that differentiation is preceded by the formation of new [[ribosome]]s and accompanied by the release from the nucleus of a wave of new [[messenger RNA]].


In 1933 Brachet was able to show that [[DNA]] was found in [[chromosomes]] and that RNA was present in the [[cytoplasm]] of all cells.
In 1934 he married Francoise de Baray.


At the same time as [[Torbjörn Caspersson]] he independently showed that RNA plays an active role in protein synthesis. Brachet also carried out pioneering work in the field of [[cell differentiation]]. Brachet demonstrated that differentiation is preceded by the formation of new [[ribosome]]s and accompanied by the release from the nucleus of a wave of new [[messenger RNA]].<ref name=sapp>{{cite journal |last1=Sapp |first1=J. |title=Jean Brachet, l'hérédité générale and the origins of molecular embryology |journal=History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences |date=1997 |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=69–87 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9284643/ |pmid=9284643 |issn=0391-9714}}</ref>
In 1948 Jean Brachet was awarded the [[Francqui Prize]] for Biological and Medical Sciences.

In 1934 he married Françoise de Baray. In 2004, his daughter Lise Brachet published a biography of her father.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brachet |first1=Lise |title=Le Professeur Jean Brachet, mon père: Biologiste moléculaire |date=2004 |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |isbn=978-2-7475-7497-6|language=fr}}</ref>

In 1948 Jean Brachet was awarded the [[Francqui Prize]] for Biological and Medical Sciences and in 1953 he received the {{interlanguage link|Albert Brachet Prize|fr|Prix Albert Brachet}} from the [[Royal Academy of Belgium]] for the best original work in embryology, an award instituted in honour of his father. He was elected a [[fellow of the Royal Society]] in 1966.<ref name=pirie/>


==Publications==
==Publications==
*''Étude histochimique des protéines au cours du développement embryonnaire des Poissons, des Amphibiens, et des Oiseaux'', Archives de Biologie 51, 167-202
*''Embryologie Chimique'' (1944)
*''Embryologie Chimique'' (1944)
*''Biological Cytology'' (1957)
*''Biological Cytology'' (1957)
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}


==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:1988 deaths]]
[[Category:Belgian biochemists]]
[[Category:Belgian biochemists]]
[[Category:Foreign Members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Foreign members of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni]]
[[Category:Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni]]
[[Category:Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)]]
[[Category:Princeton University fellows]]
[[Category:Princeton University fellows]]
[[Category:Schleiden Medal recipients]]
[[Category:Schleiden Medal recipients]]

Latest revision as of 08:52, 13 September 2024

Jean Louis Auguste Brachet (19 March 1909 – 10 August 1988) was a Belgian biochemist who made a key contribution in understanding the role of RNA.

Jean Brachet
FRS
Born
Jean Brachet

19 March 1909
Etterbeek, Belgium
Died10 August 1988 at 79 years
NationalityBelgian
EducationL'École alsacienne, Paris
Alma materUniversité Libre de Bruxelles
Known for
  • Role of RNA in protein synthesis
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions

Life

[edit]

Brachet was born in Etterbeek near Brussels in Belgium, the son of Albert Brachet, an eminent embryologist.[1]

He was educated at L'École alsacienne in Paris and the Royal Athenaeum of Ixelles in Brussels [fr]. He studied medicine at the Université Libre de Bruxelles, graduating in 1934. He then worked at the University of Cambridge and at Princeton University and at several institutes of marine biological research.[1]

Brachet was appointed Professor of Animal Morphology and General Biology at the Université libre de Bruxelles ('Free University of Brussels', the institution operating between 1834 and 1969) and Research Director of the International Laboratory for Genetics and Biophysics in Naples.[2]

In 1933 Brachet was able to show that DNA was found in chromosomes and that RNA was present in the cytoplasm of all cells.

At the same time as Torbjörn Caspersson he independently showed that RNA plays an active role in protein synthesis. Brachet also carried out pioneering work in the field of cell differentiation. Brachet demonstrated that differentiation is preceded by the formation of new ribosomes and accompanied by the release from the nucleus of a wave of new messenger RNA.[3]

In 1934 he married Françoise de Baray. In 2004, his daughter Lise Brachet published a biography of her father.[4]

In 1948 Jean Brachet was awarded the Francqui Prize for Biological and Medical Sciences and in 1953 he received the Albert Brachet Prize [fr] from the Royal Academy of Belgium for the best original work in embryology, an award instituted in honour of his father. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1966.[1]

Publications

[edit]
  • Étude histochimique des protéines au cours du développement embryonnaire des Poissons, des Amphibiens, et des Oiseaux, Archives de Biologie 51, 167-202
  • Embryologie Chimique (1944)
  • Biological Cytology (1957)
  • Introduction to Molecular Embryology (1957)
  • Molecular Cytology (2 vols.) (1985)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Pirie, N. W. (1990). "Jean Brachet. 19 March 1909-10 August 1988". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 36: 85–99. ISSN 0080-4606. JSTOR 770081.
  2. ^ C. D. Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006). Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: Part 1 (A–J) (PDF). Royal Society of Edinburgh. ISBN 090219884X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  3. ^ Sapp, J. (1997). "Jean Brachet, l'hérédité générale and the origins of molecular embryology". History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences. 19 (1): 69–87. ISSN 0391-9714. PMID 9284643.
  4. ^ Brachet, Lise (2004). Le Professeur Jean Brachet, mon père: Biologiste moléculaire (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-7475-7497-6.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Not the post-1969 Université libre de Bruxelles, but its predecessor institution.
[edit]
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