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{{Short description|SS-Obergruppenführer, SS-Senior group leader, the second highest commissioned rank in the SS}}
{{Short description|SS-Obergruppenführer, SS-Senior group leader, the second highest commissioned rank in the SS}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| name = JKurt Knoblauch
| name = Kurt Knoblauch
| birth_date = {{birth date|1885|12|10|}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1885|12|10|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death-date and age|10 November 1952|10 December 1885}}
| death_date = {{dda|1952|11|10|1885|12|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Marienwerder]], [[German Empire]]
| birth_place = [[Marienwerder]], [[German Empire]]
| death_place = [[Munich]], [[Germany]]
| death_place = [[Munich]], [[West Germany]]
| image =
| image = Knoblauch,_Kurt_-_Obergruppenführer.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| caption =
| caption =
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| allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}}<br/>{{flag|Weimar Republic}}<br/>{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
| allegiance = {{flag|German Empire}}<br/>{{flag|Weimar Republic}}<br/>{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
| serviceyears =
| serviceyears =
| rank = [[SS-Obergruppenführer]]
| rank = [[Oberst]]<br>[[SS-Obergruppenführer]]
| branch = [[Schutzstaffel|SS]]
| branch = {{army|German Empire}}<br/>{{army|Weimar Republic}}<br/>[[File:Flag Schutzstaffel.svg|23px]] [[Waffen-SS]]
⚫
| commands =
| commands = {{army|Prussia}}<br/>{{army|Weimar Republic}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Ordnungspolizei flag.svg}} [[Ordnungspolizei]], Prussian Police<br/>[[File:Flag Schutzstaffel.svg|23px]] [[SS]],
| unit =
| unit =
| battles = [[World War I]] and [[World War II]]
| battles = [[World War I]]<br />[[World War II]]
| awards = [[Iron Cross]]<br />[[Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918]]<br />[[Wound Badge]]
⚫
| awards =
| laterwork =
| laterwork =
}}
}}
[[File:Nacistični funkcionarji na Bledu.jpg|thumb|right|Hermann Franz, Kurt Knoblauch, Poročnik Lang, Friedrich Rainer, Erwin Rösener, Kurt Daluege at Helmut Hierzegger, Austria on 3 July 1941]]
'''Kurt Knoblauch''' (10 December 1885 – 10 November 1952) was a German army officer and [[Waffen-SS]] general.


==Biography==
'''Kurt Knoblauch''' ( Born December 10, 1885 in [[Marienwerder]] – Died November 10, 1952 in [[Munich]]) was a SS German officer, SS [[Obergruppenfuhrer]] and General of the [[Waffen-SS]]. Knoblauch was a son of the tax collector Friedrich Knoblauch (? - September 25, 1922) and his wife Emma, ​​née Schröder. <ref>Peter Longerich , Institute for Contemporary History : Hitler's Deputy: Leadership of the Party and Control of the State Apparatus by Staff Hess and the Bormann Party Chancellery: A Publication of the Institute for Contemporary History , KG Saur, Munich 1992.</ref> After graduating from high school in [[Ratzeburg]], on February 23, 1905 Knoblauch joined [[Prussian Army]] on as a infantry cadet in the Lower Rhine Fusilier Regiment No. 39. On August 18, 1906 he was promoted to lieutenant. On October 18, 1909 he was transferred to the 8th Rhenish Infantry Regiment No. 70 and served as platoon commander. In May 1911 commanded the 1st Rhenish Engineer Battalion No. 8 in the field. On October 1, 1912 Knoblauch became [[adjutant]] and on February 17, 1914 became a lieutenant. On May 1, 1914 he was transferred to the [[Saarbrücken (district)|Saarbrücken district]] command. Durning [[World War I]], starting on August 2, 1914 he became the company commander of Brigade Replacement Battalion No. 32. On June 18, 1915 he was promoted to captain. Durning the war he was wounded several time.
Knoblauch was a son of the tax collector Friedrich Knoblauch (? - 25 September 1922) and his wife Emma, née Schröder.<ref>Peter Longerich , Institute for Contemporary History : Hitler's Deputy: Leadership of the Party and Control of the State Apparatus by Staff Hess and the Bormann Party Chancellery: A Publication of the Institute for Contemporary History , KG Saur, Munich 1992.</ref> After graduating from high school in [[Ratzeburg]], on 23 February 1905 Knoblauch joined the [[Prussian Army]] as a cadet in the [[39th (Lower Rhenish) Fusiliers|39th (Lower Rhenish) Fusilier Regiment]]. On 18 August 1906 he was promoted to lieutenant. On 18 October 1909 he was transferred to the [[70th (8th Rhenish) Infantry|70th (8th Rhenish) Infantry Regiment]] and served as platoon commander. In May 1911 he was [[Secondment|seconded]] to the 8th (1st Rhenish) Engineer Battalion for a month to gain engineering experience in the field. On 1 October 1912 Knoblauch became battalion [[adjutant]] and on 17 February 1914 he was promoted to first lieutenant. On 1 May 1914 he was transferred to the [[Saarbrücken]] district command. During [[World War I]], starting on 2 August 1914, he became a company commander in the 32nd Brigade Replacement Battalion. On 18 June 1915 he was promoted to captain. During the war he was wounded several times.


In 1919, after the war, Knoblauch transferred to the [[Freikorps]] (Volunteer Corps) of the Deutsche Schutzdivision and became a Provisional [[Reichswehr]]. Freikorps he climb through the ranks: chief of the 4th MG company, then as chief of the 12th company at Reichswehr-Schützen-Regiment 3, then an intelligence officer in the 18th Infantry Regiment in [[Paderborn]]. On February 1, 1926 promoted to major company commander and then a lieutenant colonel on April 1, 1930. He was lieutenant colonel over the [[2nd SS Infantry Brigade|2nd Battalion]] of the 1st of the Prussian Infantry Regiment. On April 1, 1931, Knoblauch became a member of the regimental staff. He retired from army service on March 31, 1933. Knoblauch joined the [[Nazi Party]] on April 20, 1933 (membership number 2,750,158) and joined the SA, [[SA-Gruppenführer]]. He became a SA leader until stepping down on April 12, 1935 to join the SS [[Schutzstaffel]] (SS No. 266,653). <ref>Dermot Bradley (eds.), Andreas Schulz , Günter Wegmann: The Generals of the Waffen SS and the Police. The military careers of generals, as well as doctors, veterinarians, intendants, judges and ministry officials with the rank of general. Volume 2: Hachtel-Kutschera. Biblio publisher. Bissendorf 2005. ISBN 3-7648-2592-8 . pp. 534-540.</ref>
In 1919, after the war, Knoblauch served in the [[Freikorps]] Deutsche Schutzdivision before being taken over by the [[Provisional Reichswehr]]. He first headed the 4th Machine Gun Company, then became chief of the 12th Company of the 3rd Rifle Regiment, and then served as intelligence officer in the 18th Infantry Regiment in [[Paderborn]]. On 1 February 1926 he was promoted to major and then to lieutenant colonel on 1 April 1930. As such he led the 2nd Battalion of the 1st (Prussian) Infantry Regiment. On 1 April 1931 Knoblauch became a member of the regimental staff. He retired from the army on 31 March 1933, having received his final promotion to [[Oberst]] in February. Knoblauch joined the [[Nazi Party]] on 20 April 1933, (membership number 2,750,158) and joined the [[Sturmabteilung]]. He served full-time as an SA leader until stepping down on 12 April 1935 to join the [[Schutzstaffel]] (SS No. 266,653).<ref>Dermot Bradley (eds.), Andreas Schulz , Günter Wegmann: The Generals of the Waffen SS and the Police. The military careers of generals, as well as doctors, veterinarians, intendants, judges and ministry officials with the rank of general. Volume 2: Hachtel-Kutschera. Biblio publisher. Bissendorf 2005. ISBN 3-7648-2592-8 . pp. 534-540.</ref>


In June 1944 to he was promoted to SS Obergruppenfuhrer and put on the war planning committee.<ref>Ernst Klee : The Person Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007. ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 . (Updated 2nd Edition).</ref><ref>Andreas Schulz, Günter Wegmann, Dieter Zinke: The Generals of the Waffen SS and the Police: Lammerding-Plesch . Biblio-Verlag, 2003, ISBN 978-3-7648-2375-7 , p. 706.</ref><ref>Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945,By Charles Sydnor.page 113</ref>
From 1937 onwards he served in the [[Nazi Party Chancellery]], aiding the war preparation.<ref>Ernst Klee : The Person Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007. ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 . (Updated 2nd Edition).</ref><ref>Andreas Schulz, Günter Wegmann, Dieter Zinke: The Generals of the Waffen SS and the Police: Lammerding-Plesch . Biblio-Verlag, 2003, ISBN 978-3-7648-2375-7 , p. 706.</ref><ref>Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945,By Charles Sydnor.page 113</ref><ref>[https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1151322 ushmm.org, Photo of Kurt Knoblauch and Himmler]</ref>

⚫
In May 1940 he was appointed inspector of the replacement units of the [[Totenkopf#Nazi_Germany|SS Division Totenkopf]] and became one of [[Heinrich Himmler]]'s closest confidants.<ref>SS Personnel Office: List of years of service of the NSDAP Schutzstaffel, as of December 1, 1937, serial no. 238
⚫
Kurt Knoblauch on www.dws-xip.pl.</ref> In December 1940 he became the [[Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS|commander]] of the Waffen-SS in the [[Netherlands]]. <ref>Ernst Klee: The Person Encyclopedia of the Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 320.</ref> On April 7, 1941, he was appointed to the [[Reichsführer-SS]] Command Staff.<ref>Charles W. Sydnor: Soldiers of destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945 . Princeton University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-691-00853-0 , p. 113.</ref> In July 1942 he was apointed chief of the SS leadership office, [[Amtsgruppe B]]. In Amtsgruppe B worked to support SS units to coordinate with the [[Wehrmacht]] army associations and the SS police, including [[Persecution_of_Jews#Nazism|persecution of the Jews]], inculding the [[Pripyat Marshes massacres]]. <ref>Peter Longerich: Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews . Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5 , p. 187.</ref> In 1943 he was replaced by Ernst Rode. In December 1949, after the war, Knoblauch was classified as an activist by the Munich Courts and sentenced to two years in a labor camp. A Munich arbitration court rejected his appeal in June 1950 and confirmed the verdict of the first instance.<ref>Terry Goldsworthy, Valhalla's Warriors: A History of the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front 1941-1945. Dog Ear Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-1-60844-639-1 , p. 91.</ref><ref>Minutes of the Nuremberg Trial, January 7, 1946 . Original text on zeno.org.</ref>


⚫
In May 1940 he was appointed Inspector of the Replacement Units of the SS [[Totenkopf Division]] and became one of [[Heinrich Himmler]]'s closest confidants.<ref>SS Personnel Office: List of years of service of the NSDAP Schutzstaffel, as of 1 December 1937, serial no. 238
⚫
Kurt Knoblauch on www.dws-xip.pl.</ref> In December 1940 he became Commander of the Waffen-SS in the [[Netherlands]]. <ref>Ernst Klee: The Person Encyclopedia of the Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 320.</ref> On 7 April 1941 he was appointed as Chief of Staff of the [[Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS]].<ref>Charles W. Sydnor: Soldiers of destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945 . Princeton University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-691-00853-0 , p. 113.</ref> In July 1942 he was transferred to the [[SS Führungshauptamt]] to head the training department (Amtsgruppe B). In that position he was also responsible for the coordination of SS support for [[Wehrmacht]] and police operations, including [[Persecution_of_Jews#Nazism|persecution of the Jews]] in instances like the [[Pripyat Marshes massacres]].<ref>Peter Longerich: Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews . Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5 , p. 187.</ref> In 1943 he was replaced by Ernst Rode. In June 1944 he was promoted to SS-[[Obergruppenführer]]. In December 1949, during the [[denazification]] after the war, Knoblauch was classified as an activist (Offender, Category II) by the Munich Courts and sentenced to two years in a labor camp. In June 1950, a Munich arbitration court rejected Knoblauch's appeal, and confirmed the verdict of the first court.<ref>Terry Goldsworthy, Valhalla's Warriors: A History of the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front 1941-1945. Dog Ear Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-1-60844-639-1 , p. 91.</ref><ref>Minutes of the Nuremberg Trial, 7 January 1946 . Original text on zeno.org.</ref><ref>[https://vcdns.valka.cz/attachments/osobnosti/Mapy/kurt_knoblauch.jpg Photo of Kurt Knoblauch]</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[Register of SS leaders in general's rank]]
*[[Register of SS leaders in general's rank]]
*[[The Holocaust in the Soviet Union]]
* [[List of Nazi concentration camps]]

{{Portal bar|Germany|World War II}}


{{commons}}
{{commons}}
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== References==
== References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

{{The Holocaust}}
{{Nazi Party}}
{{Nazism}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1885 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators in Belarus]]
[[Category:SS-Obergruppenführer]]
[[Category:SS-Obergruppenführer]]
[[Category:German military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:German Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:German people of World War II]]
[[Category:German people of World War II]]
[[Category:SS and Police Leaders]]
[[Category:SS and Police Leaders]]
[[Category:Reichswehr personnel]]
[[Category:20th-century Freikorps personnel]]
[[Category:People from West Prussia]]
[[Category:People from Kwidzyn]]

Latest revision as of 09:07, 13 September 2024

Kurt Knoblauch
Born(1885-12-10)10 December 1885
Marienwerder, German Empire
Died10 November 1952(1952-11-10) (aged 66)
Munich, West Germany
Allegiance German Empire
 Weimar Republic
 Nazi Germany
Service / branch Imperial German Army
 Reichsheer
Waffen-SS
RankOberst
SS-Obergruppenführer
Battles / warsWorld War I
World War II
AwardsIron Cross
Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
Wound Badge
Hermann Franz, Kurt Knoblauch, Poročnik Lang, Friedrich Rainer, Erwin Rösener, Kurt Daluege at Helmut Hierzegger, Austria on 3 July 1941

Kurt Knoblauch (10 December 1885 – 10 November 1952) was a German army officer and Waffen-SS general.

Biography

[edit]

Knoblauch was a son of the tax collector Friedrich Knoblauch (? - 25 September 1922) and his wife Emma, née Schröder.[1] After graduating from high school in Ratzeburg, on 23 February 1905 Knoblauch joined the Prussian Army as a cadet in the 39th (Lower Rhenish) Fusilier Regiment. On 18 August 1906 he was promoted to lieutenant. On 18 October 1909 he was transferred to the 70th (8th Rhenish) Infantry Regiment and served as platoon commander. In May 1911 he was seconded to the 8th (1st Rhenish) Engineer Battalion for a month to gain engineering experience in the field. On 1 October 1912 Knoblauch became battalion adjutant and on 17 February 1914 he was promoted to first lieutenant. On 1 May 1914 he was transferred to the Saarbrücken district command. During World War I, starting on 2 August 1914, he became a company commander in the 32nd Brigade Replacement Battalion. On 18 June 1915 he was promoted to captain. During the war he was wounded several times.

In 1919, after the war, Knoblauch served in the Freikorps Deutsche Schutzdivision before being taken over by the Provisional Reichswehr. He first headed the 4th Machine Gun Company, then became chief of the 12th Company of the 3rd Rifle Regiment, and then served as intelligence officer in the 18th Infantry Regiment in Paderborn. On 1 February 1926 he was promoted to major and then to lieutenant colonel on 1 April 1930. As such he led the 2nd Battalion of the 1st (Prussian) Infantry Regiment. On 1 April 1931 Knoblauch became a member of the regimental staff. He retired from the army on 31 March 1933, having received his final promotion to Oberst in February. Knoblauch joined the Nazi Party on 20 April 1933, (membership number 2,750,158) and joined the Sturmabteilung. He served full-time as an SA leader until stepping down on 12 April 1935 to join the Schutzstaffel (SS No. 266,653).[2]

From 1937 onwards he served in the Nazi Party Chancellery, aiding the war preparation.[3][4][5][6]

In May 1940 he was appointed Inspector of the Replacement Units of the SS Totenkopf Division and became one of Heinrich Himmler's closest confidants.[7] In December 1940 he became Commander of the Waffen-SS in the Netherlands. [8] On 7 April 1941 he was appointed as Chief of Staff of the Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS.[9] In July 1942 he was transferred to the SS Führungshauptamt to head the training department (Amtsgruppe B). In that position he was also responsible for the coordination of SS support for Wehrmacht and police operations, including persecution of the Jews in instances like the Pripyat Marshes massacres.[10] In 1943 he was replaced by Ernst Rode. In June 1944 he was promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer. In December 1949, during the denazification after the war, Knoblauch was classified as an activist (Offender, Category II) by the Munich Courts and sentenced to two years in a labor camp. In June 1950, a Munich arbitration court rejected Knoblauch's appeal, and confirmed the verdict of the first court.[11][12][13]

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kurt Knoblauch.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Peter Longerich , Institute for Contemporary History : Hitler's Deputy: Leadership of the Party and Control of the State Apparatus by Staff Hess and the Bormann Party Chancellery: A Publication of the Institute for Contemporary History , KG Saur, Munich 1992.
  2. ^ Dermot Bradley (eds.), Andreas Schulz , Günter Wegmann: The Generals of the Waffen SS and the Police. The military careers of generals, as well as doctors, veterinarians, intendants, judges and ministry officials with the rank of general. Volume 2: Hachtel-Kutschera. Biblio publisher. Bissendorf 2005. ISBN 3-7648-2592-8 . pp. 534-540.
  3. ^ Ernst Klee : The Person Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007. ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 . (Updated 2nd Edition).
  4. ^ Andreas Schulz, Günter Wegmann, Dieter Zinke: The Generals of the Waffen SS and the Police: Lammerding-Plesch . Biblio-Verlag, 2003, ISBN 978-3-7648-2375-7 , p. 706.
  5. ^ Soldiers of Destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945,By Charles Sydnor.page 113
  6. ^ ushmm.org, Photo of Kurt Knoblauch and Himmler
  7. ^ SS Personnel Office: List of years of service of the NSDAP Schutzstaffel, as of 1 December 1937, serial no. 238 Kurt Knoblauch on www.dws-xip.pl.
  8. ^ Ernst Klee: The Person Encyclopedia of the Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 320.
  9. ^ Charles W. Sydnor: Soldiers of destruction: The SS Death's Head Division, 1933-1945 . Princeton University Press, 1990, ISBN 978-0-691-00853-0 , p. 113.
  10. ^ Peter Longerich: Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews . Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-280436-5 , p. 187.
  11. ^ Terry Goldsworthy, Valhalla's Warriors: A History of the Waffen-SS on the Eastern Front 1941-1945. Dog Ear Publishing, 2010, ISBN 978-1-60844-639-1 , p. 91.
  12. ^ Minutes of the Nuremberg Trial, 7 January 1946 . Original text on zeno.org.
  13. ^ Photo of Kurt Knoblauch
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