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Coordinates: 48°52′25″N 2°17′19″E / 48.87361°N 2.28861°E / 48.87361; 2.28861
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{{Short description|Street in Paris, France}}
{{for|the historic road of the same name in Shanghai|Yan'an Road}}
{{Other uses|Avenue Foch (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox street
{{Infobox street
| name = Avenue Foch
| name = Avenue Foch
| image = Paris16 Foch Monument Alphand.jpg
| image = Avenue Foch from the Arc de Triomphe, Paris 19 May 2013.jpg
| image_size = 230px
| image_size = 230px
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| caption = Memorial to [[Jean-Charles Alphand]] by [[Jules Dalou]]
| caption = Avenue Foch seen from the Arc de Triomphe
| map_type = France Paris
| image_dot_map = paris plan wee green jms.jpg
| dot_x = 42
| map_size = 265
| coordinates = {{coord|48|52|25|N|2|17|19|E|region:FR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| dot_y = 58
| arrondissement = [[16th arrondissement of Paris|16th]]
| arrondissement = [[16th arrondissement of Paris|16th]]
| quarter = Chaillot. Porte Dauphine.
| quarter = Chaillot, Porte Dauphine
| terminus_a = [[place Charles De Gaulle, Paris|place Charles De Gaulle]]
| terminus_a = [[Place Charles de Gaulle]]
| terminus_b = [[boulevard Lannes, Paris|boulevard Lannes]] and [[place du Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny, Paris|place du Maréchal De Lattre De Tassigny]]
| terminus_b = [[Boulevard Lannes]] and [[Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny]]
| length = {{convert|1300|m|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|1300|m|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|120|m|abbr=on}} in the section surrounded by gardens; 40 m elsewhere.
| width = {{convert|120|m|abbr=on}} in the section surrounded by gardens; 40 m elsewhere
| completion_date = March 31, 1854
| completion_date = 31 March 1854
| inauguration_label = Denomination
| inauguration_label = Denomination
| inauguration_date = March 29, 1929
| inauguration_date = 29 March 1929
}}
}}
[[File:Avenue-foch-paris.jpg|thumb]]
'''Avenue Foch''' ({{IPA-fr|avny fɔʃ}}) is a street in [[Paris]], [[France]], named after Maréchal [[Ferdinand Foch]], the French hero of the [[First World War]], in 1929. It is one of the most prestigious streets in Paris, and one of the most expensive addresses in the world, home to many grand palaces, including ones belonging to the [[Aristotle Onassis|Onassis]] and [[Rothschild family|Rothschild]] families. The Rothschilds once owned numbers 19-21.


It is located in the [[16th arrondissement of Paris|16th arrondissement]] and runs from the [[Arc de Triomphe]] southwest to the [[Porte Dauphine]] at the edge of the [[Bois de Boulogne]] city park. It is the widest avenue in Paris and is lined with chestnut trees along its full length.
The '''Avenue Foch''' ({{IPA|fr|avny fɔʃ}}) is an avenue in the [[16th arrondissement of Paris]], [[France]], named after [[World War I]] Marshal [[Ferdinand Foch]] in 1929. It was previously known as the '''Avenue du Bois de Boulogne'''. It is one of the most prestigious streets in Paris, as well as one of the most expensive addresses in the world, home to many grand city palaces, including ones belonging to the [[Aristotle Onassis|Onassis]] and [[Rothschild family|Rothschild]] families. The Rothschilds once owned numbers 19–21.

The avenue runs from the [[Arc de Triomphe]] southwest to the [[Porte Dauphine]] at the edge of the [[Bois de Boulogne]] city park. It is the widest avenue in Paris, lined with chestnut trees along its full length.


==History==
==History==
The Avenue was constructed during the reign of Emperor [[Napoleon III]], as part of the grand plan for the reconstruction of Paris conducted by Napoleon's Prefect of the Seine, [[Baron Haussmann]]. It was designed to connect the Place d'Etoile with another important part of Haussmann's plan, the [[Bois de Boulogne]], the new public park on the west end of the city. The original plan, by [[Jacques Hittorff]], who had designed the [[Place de la Concorde]] decades earlier, called for an avenue forty meters wide between the modern Avenue Victor Hugo and the modern Avenue de la Grand Armée. Haussmann scrapped this plan and instead called for an avenue at least one hundred meters wide, wider than the [[Champs-Elysées]] between the [[Arc de Triomphe]] and the new Bois de Boulogne. Its purpose was to provide an impressive grand approach for fashionable Parisians to promenade from the center of the city to the Park in their carriages, to see and be seen. It was to be called the Avenue de l'Impératrice, the Avenue of the Empress, for the [[Empress Eugenie]], the wife of Napoleon III.
The avenue was constructed during the reign of Emperor [[Napoleon III]], as part of the grand plan for the reconstruction of Paris conducted by Napoleon's prefect of the Seine, [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann|Baron Haussmann]]. It was designed to connect the [[Place de l'Étoile]] with another important part of Haussmann's plan, the [[Bois de Boulogne]], the new public park on the west end of the city. The original plan, by [[Jacques Hittorff]], who had designed the [[Place de la Concorde]] decades earlier, called for an avenue forty metres wide between the modern Avenue Victor Hugo and the modern [[Avenue de la Grande Armée]]. Haussmann scrapped this plan and instead called for an avenue at least one hundred metres wide, wider than the [[Champs-Élysées]] between the [[Arc de Triomphe]] and the new Bois de Boulogne. Its purpose was to provide an impressive grand approach for fashionable Parisians to promenade from the centre of the city to the park in their carriages, to see and be seen. It was to be called the Avenue de l'Impératrice ("Avenue of the Empress"), for the [[Eugénie de Montijo|Empress Eugenie]], the wife of Napoleon III.


[[File:Paris16 Foch Monument Alphand.jpg|thumb|left|Memorial to [[Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand|Alphand]] by [[Jules Dalou]]]]
The Avenue was built by [[Jean-Charles Alphand]], the chief engineer of the Service of Promenades and Plantations of Paris, who also designed the Bois de Boulogne, the [[Bois de Vincennes]], [[Parc Monceau]], the [[Parc des Buttes-Chaumont]], and other parks and squares built by Napoleon III. The iron fences and lamps were designed by the architect [[Gabriel Davioud]], who designed all the distinctive ornamental park architecture of Paris during the period, from fountains and temples to gates and fences. The final design consisted of a central avenue one hundred twenty meters wide and 1300 meters long, flanked by sidewalks for pedestrians, riding paths for horsemen, and criss-crossing alleys, shaded by rows of chestnut trees and decorated along its full length by ornamental lawns and gardens with exotic flowers and plants. It was, in fact, an extension of the Bois de Boulogne, and connected directly with the avenues and paths of the park.<ref>Patrice de Moncan, Paris- Les jardins du Baron Haussmann. pp. 118-120.</ref>
The avenue was built by [[Adolphe Alphand|Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand]], the chief engineer of the Service of Promenades and Plantations of Paris, who also designed the Bois de Boulogne, [[Bois de Vincennes]], [[Parc Monceau]], [[Parc des Buttes Chaumont]], in addition to other parks and squares built by Napoleon III. The iron fences and lamps were designed by the architect [[Gabriel Davioud]], who designed all the distinctive ornamental park architecture of Paris during the period, from fountains and temples to gates and fences. The final design consisted of a central avenue 120 metres wide and 1,300 metres long, flanked by sidewalks for pedestrians, riding paths for horsemen, in addition to crisscrossing alleys, shaded by rows of chestnut trees and decorated along its full length by ornamental lawns and gardens with exotic flowers and plants. It was, in fact, an extension of the Bois de Boulogne into the city, connecting directly with the avenues and paths of the park.<ref>Patrice de Moncan, Paris- Les jardins du Baron Haussmann. pp. 118-120.</ref>


[[File:Scenes around Paris - Arc de Triomphe, ca. 1920–35.jpg|thumb|right|The Avenue {{circa}} 1920–1935]]
It opened in 1854, was immediately popular with Parisians, but it did not keep its name for long. After the downfall of Napoleon III in 1870, the name was changed from Avenue de l'Impératrice to avenue du Général-Uhrich, and then 1875 to Avenue du Bois de Boulogne. It was changed again in 1929 to Avenue Foch, after the hero of the First World War, who died in that year.
It opened in 1854 and was immediately popular with Parisians, although it did not keep its name for long. After the downfall of Napoleon III in 1870 and the establishment of the [[French Third Republic|Third Republic]], the name was changed from the Avenue de l'Impératrice to the Avenue du Général-Uhrich (after [[Jean-Jacques Uhrich]]), then again in 1875 to the Avenue du Bois de Boulogne. It was changed again in 1929 to the Avenue Foch, after the hero of the [[First World War]], who died in that year.


[[File:Paris 1962 Traffic.jpg|thumb|right|Avenue Foch in 1962]]
During the Second World War, the headquarters of the [[Gestapo]] was located for a time at number 72, and the office of Section IV B4 of the Gestapo, the Juden Referat, which was responsible for the arrest and deportation of French Jews to the concentration camps, had its office at 31 bis Avenue Foch.<ref>http://www.noemiegrynberg.com/pages/histoire/suivez-le-guide-de-la-gestapo-a-paris.html Guide to the Gestapo in Paris (in French)</ref> The street was nicknamed « avenue Boche » by the Parisians ("Boche" being a slang word for "German").<ref>Larry Collins, ''Fortitude'', Robert Laffont, Paris, 1985, p. 84.</ref>
During the [[Second World War]], the street was nicknamed ''Avenue Boche'' by the Parisians ("Boche" being a slang word for "German").<ref>Larry Collins, ''Fortitude'', Robert Laffont, Paris, 1985, p. 84.</ref> The local headquarters of the [[Gestapo]] were located for a time at number 72; the office of Section IV B4 of the Gestapo, the ''Juden Referat'', which was responsible for the arrest and deportation of French Jews to the concentration camps, had its office at 31 bis Avenue Foch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noemiegrynberg.com/pages/histoire/suivez-le-guide-de-la-gestapo-a-paris.html |title=Suivez le guide de la gestapo à Paris - Noémie Grynberg |access-date=2013-04-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518100427/http://www.noemiegrynberg.com/pages/histoire/suivez-le-guide-de-la-gestapo-a-paris.html |archive-date=2013-05-18 }} Guide to the Gestapo in Paris (in French)</ref> British agent [[Peter Churchill]] was tortured on the fifth floor of [[84 Avenue Foch|number 84]]. He survived the war.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Purnell |first1=Sonia |title=A Woman of No Importance |date=9 April 2019 |publisher=Viking |page=191 |edition=Kindle }}</ref>
[[File:Avenue Foch - panoramio.jpg|thumb|right|Avenue Foch in 2009]]


==The Gardens==
==The Gardens==
The gardens of Avenue Foch occupy a space of 6.62 hectares, in the space 1200 meters long and 140 meters wide. In addition to the four thousand trees that line that avenue, the garden was originally planted with 2,400 different species of trees and plants, making it, as Alphand wrote, "a kind of arboretum." Many of the original trees can still be found in the gardens, including a [[chestnut]] tree from India, 4.7 meters in circumference; from 1852, an [[elm]] tree from [[Siberia]], 3.8 meters in circumference (1852); and a giant [[Catalpa]] tree 3.5 meters in circumference (1852). <ref>Jarrassé, Dominique, ''Grammaire des jardins Parisiens'', p. 159-161.</ref>
The Gardens of the Avenue Foch occupy a space of 6.62 hectares, within the avenue's dimensions (1,200 metres long and 140 metres wide). In addition to the 4,000 trees that line the avenue, the garden was originally planted with 2,400 different species of trees and plants, making it, as Alphand wrote, "a kind of arboretum". Many of the original trees can still be found in the gardens, including a [[chestnut]] tree from India, 4.7 metres in circumference, an [[elm]] tree from [[Siberia]], 3.8 metres in circumference, along with a giant [[Catalpa]] tree, 3.5 metres in circumference, all three dating from 1852.<ref>Jarrassé, Dominique, ''Grammaire des jardins Parisiens'', pp. 159-161.</ref>


The gardens contain a monument to their creator, [[Jean-Charles Alphand]], designed by architect [[Jules Formigé]], with sculpture by [[Jules Dalou]]. The monument was dedicated 14 December 1899.
The gardens contain a monument to [[Adolphe Alphand]], designed by architect [[Jules Formigé]], with sculpture by [[Jules Dalou]]. The monument was dedicated on 14 December 1899, eight years after Alphand's death.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[History of Parks and Gardens of Paris]]
*[[Jean-Charles Alphand]]
*[[Paris during the Second Empire]]
*[[Napoleon III]]
* [[84 Avenue Foch]]
* [[84 Avenue Foch]]
* [[History of parks and gardens of Paris]]
* [[Rothschild family]]
* [[List of most expensive streets by city]]
* [[List of most expensive streets by city]]
* [[Napoleon III]]
* [[Paris during the Second Empire]]
* [[Rothschild family]]
* [[List of streets named after Ferdinand Foch]]


==References==
==References==
===Notes and citations===
===Notes and citations===
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


===Bibliography===
===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|last=Jarrassé|first=Dominique|title=Grammaire des jardins Parisiens|year=2009|publisher=Parigramme|ISBN=978-2-84096-476-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Jarrassé|first=Dominique|title=Grammaire des jardins Parisiens|year=2009|publisher=Parigramme|isbn=978-2-84096-476-6}}
*Patrice de Moncan, ''Paris- les jardins du Baron Haussmann'', Les Éditions du Mécène, Paris, (ISBN 978-2-9079-70914)
*Patrice de Moncan, ''Paris- les jardins du Baron Haussmann'', Les Éditions du Mécène, Paris, ({{ISBN|978-2-9079-70914}})


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Avenue Foch}}
{{Commons category|Avenue Foch (Paris)}}
* [http://www.insecula.com/salle/MS02661.html: insecula.com: Avenue Foch (en., fr.)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312200426/http://www.insecula.com/salle/MS02661.html%3A insecula.com: Avenue Foch] {{in lang|en|fr}}
* [http://www.parisrama.com/thematiques/thematique_avenue_foch.htm parisrama.com: Avenue Foch (en., fr.)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060109013621/http://www.parisrama.com/thematiques/thematique_avenue_foch.htm parisrama.com: Avenue Foch] {{in lang|en|fr}}
* [http://www.paris.org/Musees/Ennery/ paris.org: "Musée National d'Ennery / Musée Arménien" (en.)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050824103302/http://www.paris.org/Musees/Ennery/ paris.org: "Musée National d'Ennery / Musée Arménien"] {{in lang|en}}


{{coord|48|52|25|N|2|17|19|E|region:FR_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Visitor attractions in Paris |state=collapsed}}
{{Visitor attractions in Paris |state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Avenues (landscape) in Paris|Foch, Avenue]]
[[Category:Avenues (landscape) in Paris|Foch, Avenue]]

Latest revision as of 20:20, 13 September 2024

Avenue Foch
Avenue Foch seen from the Arc de Triomphe
Avenue Foch is located in Paris
Avenue Foch
Shown within Paris
Length1,300 m (4,300 ft)
Width120 m (390 ft) in the section surrounded by gardens; 40 m elsewhere
Arrondissement16th
QuarterChaillot, Porte Dauphine
Coordinates48°52′25″N 2°17′19″E / 48.87361°N 2.28861°E / 48.87361; 2.28861
FromPlace Charles de Gaulle
ToBoulevard Lannes and Place du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny
Construction
Completion31 March 1854
Denomination29 March 1929

The Avenue Foch (French pronunciation: [avny fɔʃ]) is an avenue in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France, named after World War I Marshal Ferdinand Foch in 1929. It was previously known as the Avenue du Bois de Boulogne. It is one of the most prestigious streets in Paris, as well as one of the most expensive addresses in the world, home to many grand city palaces, including ones belonging to the Onassis and Rothschild families. The Rothschilds once owned numbers 19–21.

The avenue runs from the Arc de Triomphe southwest to the Porte Dauphine at the edge of the Bois de Boulogne city park. It is the widest avenue in Paris, lined with chestnut trees along its full length.

History

[edit]

The avenue was constructed during the reign of Emperor Napoleon III, as part of the grand plan for the reconstruction of Paris conducted by Napoleon's prefect of the Seine, Baron Haussmann. It was designed to connect the Place de l'Étoile with another important part of Haussmann's plan, the Bois de Boulogne, the new public park on the west end of the city. The original plan, by Jacques Hittorff, who had designed the Place de la Concorde decades earlier, called for an avenue forty metres wide between the modern Avenue Victor Hugo and the modern Avenue de la Grande Armée. Haussmann scrapped this plan and instead called for an avenue at least one hundred metres wide, wider than the Champs-Élysées between the Arc de Triomphe and the new Bois de Boulogne. Its purpose was to provide an impressive grand approach for fashionable Parisians to promenade from the centre of the city to the park in their carriages, to see and be seen. It was to be called the Avenue de l'Impératrice ("Avenue of the Empress"), for the Empress Eugenie, the wife of Napoleon III.

Memorial to Alphand by Jules Dalou

The avenue was built by Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand, the chief engineer of the Service of Promenades and Plantations of Paris, who also designed the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes, Parc Monceau, Parc des Buttes Chaumont, in addition to other parks and squares built by Napoleon III. The iron fences and lamps were designed by the architect Gabriel Davioud, who designed all the distinctive ornamental park architecture of Paris during the period, from fountains and temples to gates and fences. The final design consisted of a central avenue 120 metres wide and 1,300 metres long, flanked by sidewalks for pedestrians, riding paths for horsemen, in addition to crisscrossing alleys, shaded by rows of chestnut trees and decorated along its full length by ornamental lawns and gardens with exotic flowers and plants. It was, in fact, an extension of the Bois de Boulogne into the city, connecting directly with the avenues and paths of the park.[1]

The Avenue c. 1920–1935

It opened in 1854 and was immediately popular with Parisians, although it did not keep its name for long. After the downfall of Napoleon III in 1870 and the establishment of the Third Republic, the name was changed from the Avenue de l'Impératrice to the Avenue du Général-Uhrich (after Jean-Jacques Uhrich), then again in 1875 to the Avenue du Bois de Boulogne. It was changed again in 1929 to the Avenue Foch, after the hero of the First World War, who died in that year.

Avenue Foch in 1962

During the Second World War, the street was nicknamed Avenue Boche by the Parisians ("Boche" being a slang word for "German").[2] The local headquarters of the Gestapo were located for a time at number 72; the office of Section IV B4 of the Gestapo, the Juden Referat, which was responsible for the arrest and deportation of French Jews to the concentration camps, had its office at 31 bis Avenue Foch.[3] British agent Peter Churchill was tortured on the fifth floor of number 84. He survived the war.[4]

Avenue Foch in 2009

The Gardens

[edit]

The Gardens of the Avenue Foch occupy a space of 6.62 hectares, within the avenue's dimensions (1,200 metres long and 140 metres wide). In addition to the 4,000 trees that line the avenue, the garden was originally planted with 2,400 different species of trees and plants, making it, as Alphand wrote, "a kind of arboretum". Many of the original trees can still be found in the gardens, including a chestnut tree from India, 4.7 metres in circumference, an elm tree from Siberia, 3.8 metres in circumference, along with a giant Catalpa tree, 3.5 metres in circumference, all three dating from 1852.[5]

The gardens contain a monument to Adolphe Alphand, designed by architect Jules Formigé, with sculpture by Jules Dalou. The monument was dedicated on 14 December 1899, eight years after Alphand's death.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes and citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Patrice de Moncan, Paris- Les jardins du Baron Haussmann. pp. 118-120.
  2. ^ Larry Collins, Fortitude, Robert Laffont, Paris, 1985, p. 84.
  3. ^ "Suivez le guide de la gestapo à Paris - Noémie Grynberg". Archived from the original on 2013-05-18. Retrieved 2013-04-15. Guide to the Gestapo in Paris (in French)
  4. ^ Purnell, Sonia (9 April 2019). A Woman of No Importance (Kindle ed.). Viking. p. 191.
  5. ^ Jarrassé, Dominique, Grammaire des jardins Parisiens, pp. 159-161.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Jarrassé, Dominique (2009). Grammaire des jardins Parisiens. Parigramme. ISBN 978-2-84096-476-6.
  • Patrice de Moncan, Paris- les jardins du Baron Haussmann, Les Éditions du Mécène, Paris, (ISBN 978-2-9079-70914)
[edit]