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{{Short description|Italian cardinal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
{{Infobox Christian leader
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|honorific_prefix = [[His Eminence]]
|honorific_prefix = [[His Eminence]]
|name = Pio Laghi
|name = Pio Laghi
|image = Pio Laghi visits with Ronald Reagan.jpg
|image = Pio Laghi, 1984 (cropped).jpg
|caption = Laghi (right) meets [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1984.
|caption = Laghi in 1984.
|title = [[Order of Malta|Patron of the Order of Malta]]
|title = [[Order of Malta|Patron of the Order of Malta]]
|church = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
|church = Roman [[Catholic Church]]
|appointed = 8 May 1993
|appointed = 8 May 1993
|term_end = 10 January 2009
|term_end = 10 January 2009
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|cardinal = 28 June 1991
|cardinal = 28 June 1991
|created_cardinal_by = [[Pope John Paul II]]
|created_cardinal_by = [[Pope John Paul II]]
|rank = [[Cardinal-Deacon]] (1991–2002)<br>[[Cardinal-Priest]] (2002–09)
|rank = [[Cardinal-deacon]] (1991–2002)<br>[[Cardinal-priest]] (2002–09)
|birth_name = Pio Laghi
|birth_name = Pio Laghi
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1922|05|21}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1922|05|21}}
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|buried = [[Faenza Cathedral]]
|buried = [[Faenza Cathedral]]
|parents = Antonio Laghi<br>Laura Conti
|parents = Antonio Laghi<br>Laura Conti
|previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine (1969–74)|[[Mauriana|Titular Archbishop of Mauriana]] (1969–91)|[[Apostolic Nunciature to Cyprus|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Cyprus]] (1972–74)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to Argentina]] (1974–79)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to the United States|Apostolic Delegate to the United States of America]] (1979–84)|[[Organization of American States|Permanent Observer to the Organization of American States]] (1980–90)|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States of America (1984–89)|[[Congregation for Catholic Education|Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education]] (1990–91)|President of the Interdicasterial Commission for Candidates to the Sacred Order (1991–99)|[[Santa Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana|Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana]] (1991–2002)|Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education (1991–99)|President of the Interdicasterial Commission for Equitable Distribution of Priests (1991–99)|[[Cardinal Protodeacon]] (1999–2002)}}
|previous_post = {{unbulleted list|Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine (1969–73)|[[Mauriana|Titular Archbishop of Mauriana]] (1969–91)|[[Apostolic Nunciature to Cyprus|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to Cyprus]] (1973–74)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to Argentina]] (1974–80)|[[Apostolic Nuncio to the United States|Apostolic Delegate to the United States of America]] (1980–84)|[[Organization of American States|Permanent Observer to the Organization of American States]] (1980–90)|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States of America (1984–90)|[[Congregation for Catholic Education|Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education]] (1990–91)|President of the Interdicasterial Commission for Candidates to the Sacred Order (1990–99)|[[Santa Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana|Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria Ausiliatrice in Via Tuscolana]] (1991–2002)|Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education (1991–99)|President of the Interdicasterial Commission for Equitable Distribution of Priests (1991–99)|[[Cardinal Protodeacon]] (1999–2002)}}
|alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Pontifical Major Roman Seminary]]|[[Pontifical Lateran University]]|[[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]}}
|alma_mater = {{unbulleted list|[[Pontifical Major Roman Seminary]]|[[Pontifical Lateran University]]|[[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]}}
|motto = ''In verbo Tuo''
|motto = ''In verbo Tuo''
|coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Pio Laghi.svg }}
|coat_of_arms = Coat of arms of Pio Laghi.svg }}


'''Pio Laghi''' (21 May 1922 – 10 January 2009) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal of the Catholic Church]]. His service was primarily in the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] and the [[Roman Curia]]. He served as [[Apostolic nuncio]] to several countries and as the [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]]. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinalate]] in 1991. Cardinal Laghi was Pope [[John Paul II]]'s secret emissary to the [[White House]] and to several [[presidents of the United States]]. He had a particularly close relationship with [[George H.W. Bush]], and [[George W. Bush]].
'''Pio Laghi''' (21 May 1922 – 10 January 2009) was an [[Italian people|Italian]] [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinal of the Catholic Church]]. His service was primarily in the diplomatic service of the [[Holy See]] and the [[Roman Curia]]. He served as [[Apostolic nuncio]] to several countries and as the [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for Catholic Education]]. He was elevated to the [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinalate]] in 1991. Cardinal Laghi was Pope [[John Paul II]]'s secret emissary to the [[White House]] and to several [[presidents of the United States]]. He had a particularly close relationship with [[George H. W. Bush]], and [[George W. Bush]].


His work as an [[apostolic nuncio]] in [[Argentina]] (1974–1980), during the years of [[National Reorganization Process|dictatorship]], has been and continues to be the subject of controversy.
His work as an [[apostolic nuncio]] in [[Argentina]] (1974–1980), during the years of [[National Reorganization Process|dictatorship]], has been and continues to be the subject of controversy.


==Biography==
==Biography==
Laghi was born in [[Castiglione di Forlì]], [[Romagna]], Italy. He was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the priesthood on 20 April 1946 by [[Diocese of Faenza|Bishop Giuseppe Battaglia]]. He obtained doctorates in [[theology]] (1947) and [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|canon law]] (1950) from the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] in Rome. He entered the [[Roman Curia]], in the [[Secretariat of State]], in 1952, and then served as Secretary of the nunciature in [[Nicaragua]] until 1955. Laghi was raised to the rank of [[Monsignor|Domestic Prelate of His Holiness]] on 21 December 1965.
Laghi was born in [[Castiglione di Forlì]], [[Romagna]], Italy. He was [[Holy orders|ordained]] to the priesthood on 20 April 1946 by [[Diocese of Faenza|Bishop Giuseppe Battaglia]]. He obtained doctorates in [[theology]] (1947) and [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|canon law]] (1950) from the [[Pontifical Lateran University]] in Rome. He entered the [[Roman Curia]], in the [[Secretariat of State]], in 1952, and then served as Secretary of the nunciature in [[Nicaragua]] until 1955. Laghi was raised to the rank of [[Monsignor|Domestic Prelate of His Holiness]] on 21 December 1965.


On 24 May 1969, he was appointed [[Nuncio|Apostolic Delegate]] to [[Jerusalem]] and [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], and [[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of Mauriana. Laghi received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 22 June from [[Amleto Giovanni Cicognani]], with Archbishop [[Agostino Casaroli]] and Bishop Giuseppe Battaglia (who had also ordained Laghi) serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]].
On 24 May 1969, he was appointed [[Nuncio|Apostolic Delegate]] to [[Jerusalem]] and [[State of Palestine|Palestine]], and [[Titular bishop|Titular Archbishop]] of Mauriana. Laghi received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 22 June from [[Amleto Giovanni Cicognani]], with Archbishop [[Agostino Casaroli]] and Bishop Giuseppe Battaglia (who had also ordained Laghi) serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]].
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During five years in Jerusalem he served as [[Nuncio|Pro-Nuncio]] to [[Cyprus]] (28 May 1973) and [[Apostolic visitor|Apostolic Visitor]] for [[Greece]]. Laghi was a personal friend of [[Golda Meir]].
During five years in Jerusalem he served as [[Nuncio|Pro-Nuncio]] to [[Cyprus]] (28 May 1973) and [[Apostolic visitor|Apostolic Visitor]] for [[Greece]]. Laghi was a personal friend of [[Golda Meir]].


Laghi was named [[Nuncio]] to [[Argentina]] on 27 April 1974. His six years in Argentina coincided with the worst excesses of the [[National Reorganization Process|military dictatorship]] there in what is now known as the "[[dirty war]]". Many in Argentina believe that the church hierarchy supported the generals in their misrule, and that Laghi – who played tennis regularly with one of the leaders of the junta, Admiral [[Emilio Eduardo Massera]] – turned a blind eye to the murder and disappearances of thousands.<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentine military dictator confirms Catholic Church hierarchy was well aware of the “disappeared” |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2012/07/24/argentine-military-dictator-confirms-catholic-church-hierarchy-was-well-aware-of-the-disappeared |work=MercoPress |date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vatican says its ex-envoy is innoncent |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/05/23/vatican-says-its-ex-envoy-is-innocent/dfe0ea8f-ee44-4999-85d2-e96e0aa9c694/ |work=The Washington Post |date=23 May 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Former Argentinian dictator says he told Catholic Church of disappeared |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/former-argentinian-dictator-says-he-told-catholic-church-of-disappeared-1.542154 |work=The Irish Times |date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pio Laghi, Papal Envoy, Dies at 86 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13/world/europe/13laghi.html |work=The New York Times |date=13 January 2009}}</ref> "Perhaps I wasn't a hero", he later said of his time in Buenos Aires, "but I was no accomplice".{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} The debate that his conduct generated was enough, however, to ruin any chance he ever had of becoming pope.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} In his book ''In the Closet of the Vatican: Power, Homosexuality and Hypocrisy'', Frédéric Martel alleges that Laghi was blackmailed by the Argentinean junta into not opposing them because of his use of so-called "[[male prostitution|taxiboys]]".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Alison |first1=James |title=Welcome to my world: Notes on the reception of Frédéric Martel's bombshell |url=https://www.abc.net.au/religion/fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-martel-and-the-structure-of-the-clerical-closet/10843678 |website=ABC Religion & Ethics |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=2019-02-25 |date=2019-02-23}}</ref>
Laghi was named [[Nuncio]] to [[Argentina]] on 27 April 1974. His six years in Argentina coincided with the worst excesses of the [[National Reorganization Process|military dictatorship]] there in what is now known as the "[[dirty war]]". Many in Argentina believe that the church hierarchy supported the generals in their misrule, and that Laghi – who played tennis regularly with one of the leaders of the junta, Admiral [[Emilio Eduardo Massera]] – turned a blind eye to the murder and disappearances of thousands.<ref>{{cite news |title=Argentine military dictator confirms Catholic Church hierarchy was well aware of the "disappeared" |url=https://en.mercopress.com/2012/07/24/argentine-military-dictator-confirms-catholic-church-hierarchy-was-well-aware-of-the-disappeared |work=MercoPress |date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vatican says its ex-envoy is innoncent |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/05/23/vatican-says-its-ex-envoy-is-innocent/dfe0ea8f-ee44-4999-85d2-e96e0aa9c694/ |newspaper=The Washington Post|date=23 May 1997}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Former Argentinian dictator says he told Catholic Church of disappeared |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/former-argentinian-dictator-says-he-told-catholic-church-of-disappeared-1.542154 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Pio Laghi, Papal Envoy, Dies at 86 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/13/world/europe/13laghi.html |work=The New York Times |date=13 January 2009}}</ref> "Perhaps I wasn't a hero", he later said of his time in Buenos Aires, "but I was no accomplice".{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} The debate that his conduct generated was enough, however, to ruin any chance he ever had of becoming pope.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} In his book ''In the Closet of the Vatican: Power, Homosexuality and Hypocrisy'', Frédéric Martel alleges that Laghi was blackmailed by the Argentinean junta into not opposing them because of his use of so-called "[[male prostitution|taxiboys]]".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Alison |first1=James |title=Welcome to my world: Notes on the reception of Frédéric Martel's bombshell |url=https://www.abc.net.au/religion/fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-martel-and-the-structure-of-the-clerical-closet/10843678 |website=ABC Religion & Ethics |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=2019-02-25 |date=2019-02-23}}</ref>


Pope John Paul II transferred him as Apostolic Delegate (10 December 1979) and later (26 March 1984) Pro-Nuncio to the [[Nunciature to the United States|United States]]. In that role he helped place [[Conservatism|conservatives]] in key positions, such as [[Bernard Francis Law]] in Boston and [[John O'Connor (cardinal)|John Joseph O'Connor]] in New York City. On 6 April 1990, John Paul appointed Laghi [[Congregation for Catholic Education|Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education]], and created him [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Rome|Santa Maria Auxiliatrice in via Tuscolana]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 28 June 1991, despite the accusations by Argentine writers of links between him and the dictatorship and the "[[Dirty War]]" in Argentina. On 1 July 1991, he was promoted to full Prefect of the congregation.
Pope John Paul II transferred him as Apostolic Delegate (10 December 1980) and later (26 March 1984) Pro-Nuncio to the [[Nunciature to the United States|United States]]. In that role he helped place [[Conservatism|conservatives]] in key positions, such as [[Bernard Francis Law]] in Boston and [[John O'Connor (cardinal)|John Joseph O'Connor]] in New York City.


On 6 April 1990, John Paul appointed Laghi [[Congregation for Catholic Education|Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education]].<ref>{{cite book |access-date = 8 September 2022 | page = 536 | url = https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-82-1990-ocr.pdf | date = 1990 | volume = LXXXII | title = Acta Apostolicae Sedis }}</ref> He made him [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[Santa Maria Ausiliatrice, Rome|Santa Maria Auxiliatrice in via Tuscolana]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 28 June 1991, despite the accusations by Argentine writers of links between him and the dictatorship and the "[[Dirty War]]" in Argentina. On 1 July 1991, he was promoted to full congregation Prefect.
⚫
On 26 December 1994, the American magazine ''[[Time Magazine|Time]]'' published an article titled "Who Will Be First Among Us?" which prematurely speculated on who would be the next pope "as John Paul approaches the twilight of his papacy." Laghi was listed among eight cardinals who were considered leading [[Papabili|candidates]]; the article identified Laghi as head of the Congregation for Catholic Education with conservative credentials. In 1997 the Dirty War scandal was widely exposed, and, though Laghi denied the charges, it was considered to have ended his chance for the [[Pope|papacy]].

⚫
On 26 December 1994, the American magazine ''[[Time Magazine|Time]]'' published an article titled "Who Will Be First Among Us?" which prematurely speculated on who would be the next pope "as John Paul approaches the twilight of his papacy." Laghi was listed among eight cardinals who were considered leading [[Papabili|candidates]]; the article identified Laghi as head of the Congregation for Catholic Education with conservative credentials. In 1997 the Dirty War scandal was widely exposed, and, though Laghi denied the charges, it was considered to have ended his chance for the [[Pope|papacy]].
{{infobox cardinalstyles|cardinal name=Pio Laghi|dipstyle=His Eminence|offstyle=Your Eminence|image=Coat of arms of Pio Laghi.svg|image_size=200px|See=Mauriana|}}
{{infobox cardinalstyles|cardinal name=Pio Laghi|dipstyle=His Eminence|offstyle=Your Eminence|image=Coat of arms of Pio Laghi.svg|image_size=200px|See=Mauriana|}}
He headed the Congregation for Catholic Education until his resignation on 15 November 1999, and from 1999 to 2001 he was the Cardinal Protodeacon (the longest serving Cardinal Deacon), before exercising his right as a Cardinal Deacon of ten years' standing to become a [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[San Pietro in Vincoli]]. On his 80th birthday, 21 May 2002, he became ineligible to vote in a [[papal conclave]] but continued to undertake special missions for his friend John Paul II.
He headed the Congregation for Catholic Education until his resignation on 15 November 1999. From 1999 to 2001 he was the Cardinal Protodeacon (the longest serving Cardinal Deacon), before exercising his right as a Cardinal Deacon of ten years' standing to become a [[Cardinal-Priest]] of [[San Pietro in Vincoli]]. On his 80th birthday, 21 May 2002, he became ineligible to vote in a [[papal conclave]] but continued to undertake special missions for his friend John Paul II.


In 2000, Laghi was awarded the F. Sadlier Dinger Award in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the ministry of religious education in America.
In 2000, Laghi was awarded the [[F. Sadlier Dinger Award]] in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the ministry of religious education in America.


On 1 March 2003, Laghi, as special papal envoy to the United States, met with [[George W. Bush|President George W. Bush]] and conveyed the Pope's request that the United States reconsider the decision to go to [[Iraq War|war against Iraq]]. Bush was photographed with Laghi and commented that he was "an old family friend". During the presidency of Bush's father, [[George H.W. Bush]], Laghi, as Nuncio to the United States, was a frequent guest of Bush senior and his family.
On 1 March 2003, Laghi, as special papal envoy to the United States, met with [[George W. Bush|President George W. Bush]] and conveyed the Pope's request that the United States reconsider the decision to go to [[Iraq War|war against Iraq]]. Bush was photographed with Laghi and commented that he was "an old family friend". During the presidency of Bush's father, [[George H. W. Bush]], Laghi, as Nuncio to the United States, was a frequent guest of Bush senior and his family.


Laghi died in Rome on Saturday, 10 January 2009, from a blood disorder, aged 86.<ref>[https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican-diplomat-pio-laghi-dead-86 Vatican diplomat, Pio Laghi, dead at 86]</ref>
Laghi died in Rome on 10 January 2009, from a blood disorder, aged 86.<ref>[https://www.ncronline.org/news/vatican-diplomat-pio-laghi-dead-86 Vatican diplomat, Pio Laghi, dead at 86]</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commonscat}}

*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-l.htm#Laghi Biography at ''The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church'' site]
*[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-l.htm#Laghi Biography at ''The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church'' site]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/blaghi.html Catholic-Hierarchy.Org]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/blaghi.html Catholic-Hierarchy.Org]
*Interview with Pio Laghi in [http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/1998/12/20/i-01001e.htm El halcón de la paz], in newspaper [[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarin]] of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20 December 1998, about the [[Beagle conflict]] and the papal mediation.
*Interview with Pio Laghi in [http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/1998/12/20/i-01001e.htm El halcón de la paz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101207083059/http://edant.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/1998/12/20/i-01001e.htm |date=7 December 2010 }}, in newspaper [[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarin]] of Buenos Aires, Argentina, 20 December 1998, about the [[Beagle conflict]] and the papal mediation.


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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{{S-rel|ca}}
{{S-rel|ca}}


{{Succession box|title=[[Nunciature to the United States|Apostolic Delegate to the United States]]|before=[[Jean Jadot]]|after=none|years=1979–1984}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Nunciature to the United States|Apostolic Delegate to the United States]]|before=[[Jean Jadot]]|after=none|years=1980–1984}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Nunciature to the United States|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States]]|before=none, new office|after=[[Agostino Cacciavillan]]|years=1984–1989}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Nunciature to the United States|Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States]]|before=none, new office|after=[[Agostino Cacciavillan]]|years=1984–1990}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Congregation for Catholic Education|Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]|before=[[William Wakefield Baum|William Baum]]|after=[[Zenon Grocholewski]]|years=1990–1999}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Congregation for Catholic Education|Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education]]|before=[[William Wakefield Baum|William Baum]]|after=[[Zenon Grocholewski]]|years=1990–1999}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Protodeacon|Cardinal Protodeacon]]|before=[[Eduardo Martínez Somalo]]|after=[[Luigi Poggi]]|years=9 January 1999 – 26 February 2002}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Protodeacon|Cardinal Protodeacon]]|before=[[Eduardo Martínez Somalo]]|after=[[Luigi Poggi]]|years=9 January 1999 – 26 February 2002}}
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[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:2009 deaths]]
[[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to the United States]]
[[Category:Apostolic nuncios to the United States]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Argentina]]
[[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Argentina]]
[[Category:Apostolic Nuncios to Cyprus]]
[[Category:Apostolic nuncios to Cyprus]]
[[Category:Permanent Observers of the Holy See to the Organization of American States]]
[[Category:Permanent observers of the Holy See to the Organization of American States]]
[[Category:People of the Dirty War]]
[[Category:People of the Dirty War]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian cardinals]]
[[Category:20th-century Italian cardinals]]

Latest revision as of 21:37, 13 September 2024

His Eminence

Pio Laghi
Patron of the Order of Malta
Laghi in 1984.
ChurchRoman Catholic Church
Appointed8 May 1993
Term ended10 January 2009
PredecessorSebastiano Baggio
SuccessorPaolo Sardi
Other post(s)Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Vincoli (2002–09)
Previous post(s)
Orders
Ordination20 April 1946
by Giuseppe Battaglia
Consecration22 June 1969
by Amleto Giovanni Cicognani
Created cardinal28 June 1991
by Pope John Paul II
RankCardinal-deacon (1991–2002)
Cardinal-priest (2002–09)
Personal details
Born
Pio Laghi

(1922-05-21)21 May 1922
Castiglione di Forlì, Kingdom of Italy
Died10 January 2009(2009-01-10) (aged 86)
San Carlo di Nancy Hospital, Rome, Italy
BuriedFaenza Cathedral
ParentsAntonio Laghi
Laura Conti
Alma mater
MottoIn verbo Tuo
Coat of armsPio Laghi's coat of arms

Pio Laghi (21 May 1922 – 10 January 2009) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. His service was primarily in the diplomatic service of the Holy See and the Roman Curia. He served as Apostolic nuncio to several countries and as the Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1991. Cardinal Laghi was Pope John Paul II's secret emissary to the White House and to several presidents of the United States. He had a particularly close relationship with George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush.

His work as an apostolic nuncio in Argentina (1974–1980), during the years of dictatorship, has been and continues to be the subject of controversy.

Biography

[edit]

Laghi was born in Castiglione di Forlì, Romagna, Italy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 20 April 1946 by Bishop Giuseppe Battaglia. He obtained doctorates in theology (1947) and canon law (1950) from the Pontifical Lateran University in Rome. He entered the Roman Curia, in the Secretariat of State, in 1952, and then served as Secretary of the nunciature in Nicaragua until 1955. Laghi was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 21 December 1965.

On 24 May 1969, he was appointed Apostolic Delegate to Jerusalem and Palestine, and Titular Archbishop of Mauriana. Laghi received his episcopal consecration on the following 22 June from Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, with Archbishop Agostino Casaroli and Bishop Giuseppe Battaglia (who had also ordained Laghi) serving as co-consecrators.

During five years in Jerusalem he served as Pro-Nuncio to Cyprus (28 May 1973) and Apostolic Visitor for Greece. Laghi was a personal friend of Golda Meir.

Laghi was named Nuncio to Argentina on 27 April 1974. His six years in Argentina coincided with the worst excesses of the military dictatorship there in what is now known as the "dirty war". Many in Argentina believe that the church hierarchy supported the generals in their misrule, and that Laghi – who played tennis regularly with one of the leaders of the junta, Admiral Emilio Eduardo Massera – turned a blind eye to the murder and disappearances of thousands.[1][2][3][4] "Perhaps I wasn't a hero", he later said of his time in Buenos Aires, "but I was no accomplice".[citation needed] The debate that his conduct generated was enough, however, to ruin any chance he ever had of becoming pope.[citation needed] In his book In the Closet of the Vatican: Power, Homosexuality and Hypocrisy, Frédéric Martel alleges that Laghi was blackmailed by the Argentinean junta into not opposing them because of his use of so-called "taxiboys".[5]

Pope John Paul II transferred him as Apostolic Delegate (10 December 1980) and later (26 March 1984) Pro-Nuncio to the United States. In that role he helped place conservatives in key positions, such as Bernard Francis Law in Boston and John Joseph O'Connor in New York City.

On 6 April 1990, John Paul appointed Laghi Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education.[6] He made him Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria Auxiliatrice in via Tuscolana in the consistory of 28 June 1991, despite the accusations by Argentine writers of links between him and the dictatorship and the "Dirty War" in Argentina. On 1 July 1991, he was promoted to full congregation Prefect.

On 26 December 1994, the American magazine Time published an article titled "Who Will Be First Among Us?" which prematurely speculated on who would be the next pope "as John Paul approaches the twilight of his papacy." Laghi was listed among eight cardinals who were considered leading candidates; the article identified Laghi as head of the Congregation for Catholic Education with conservative credentials. In 1997 the Dirty War scandal was widely exposed, and, though Laghi denied the charges, it was considered to have ended his chance for the papacy.

Styles of
Pio Laghi
Reference styleHis Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal
SeeMauriana

He headed the Congregation for Catholic Education until his resignation on 15 November 1999. From 1999 to 2001 he was the Cardinal Protodeacon (the longest serving Cardinal Deacon), before exercising his right as a Cardinal Deacon of ten years' standing to become a Cardinal-Priest of San Pietro in Vincoli. On his 80th birthday, 21 May 2002, he became ineligible to vote in a papal conclave but continued to undertake special missions for his friend John Paul II.

In 2000, Laghi was awarded the F. Sadlier Dinger Award in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the ministry of religious education in America.

On 1 March 2003, Laghi, as special papal envoy to the United States, met with President George W. Bush and conveyed the Pope's request that the United States reconsider the decision to go to war against Iraq. Bush was photographed with Laghi and commented that he was "an old family friend". During the presidency of Bush's father, George H. W. Bush, Laghi, as Nuncio to the United States, was a frequent guest of Bush senior and his family.

Laghi died in Rome on 10 January 2009, from a blood disorder, aged 86.[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Argentine military dictator confirms Catholic Church hierarchy was well aware of the "disappeared"". MercoPress. 24 July 2012.
  2. ^ "Vatican says its ex-envoy is innoncent". The Washington Post. 23 May 1997.
  3. ^ "Former Argentinian dictator says he told Catholic Church of disappeared". The Irish Times. 24 July 2012.
  4. ^ "Pio Laghi, Papal Envoy, Dies at 86". The New York Times. 13 January 2009.
  5. ^ Alison, James (23 February 2019). "Welcome to my world: Notes on the reception of Frédéric Martel's bombshell". ABC Religion & Ethics. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  6. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis (PDF). Vol. LXXXII. 1990. p. 536. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  7. ^ Vatican diplomat, Pio Laghi, dead at 86
[edit]
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Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Apostolic Delegate to the United States
1980–1984 		Succeeded by
none
Preceded by
none, new office
 Apostolic Pro-Nuncio to the United States
1984–1990 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
1990–1999 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal Protodeacon
9 January 1999 – 26 February 2002 		Succeeded by
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