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{{Short description|Large quasar group in the constellation Virgo}}
'''U1.11''' is a [[large quasar group]] located in the [[constellation]]s of [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]] and [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]. It is one of the largest LQG's known, with the estimated maximum diameter of 780 [[Parsec|Mpc]] (2.2 billion [[light-year]]s)<ref name=ClowesSep2011>{{cite journal|last=Clowes|first=Roger|author2=Luis E. Campusano|author3=Matthew J. Graham|author4=Ilona K. S¨ochting|last-author-amp=yes|title=Two close Large Quasar Groups of size ∼ 350 Mpc at z ∼ 1.2|journal=Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc|date=2001-09-01|arxiv=1108.6221}}</ref> and contains 38 [[quasar]]s. It was discovered in 2011 during the course of the [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey]]. Until the discovery of the [[Huge-LQG]] in November 2012, it was the largest known structure in the universe, beating [[Clowes–Campusano LQG]]'s 20 year record as largest known structure at the time of its discovery.
'''U1.11''' is a [[large quasar group]] located in the [[constellation]]s of [[Leo (constellation)|Leo]] and [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]. It is one of the [[list of largest cosmic structures|largest LQG's known]], with the estimated maximum diameter of 780 [[Parsec|Mpc]] (2.2 billion [[light-year]]s)<ref name="ClowesSep2011">{{Cite journal |last=Clowes |first=Roger G. |last2=Campusano |first2=Luis E. |last3=Graham |first3=Matthew J. |last4=Söchting |first4=Ilona K. |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=Two close large quasar groups of size ∼ 350 Mpc at: Two close large quasar groups |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=419 |issue=1 |pages=556–565 |arxiv=1108.6221 |bibcode=2012MNRAS.419..556C |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19719.x |s2cid=31553670 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and contains 38 [[quasar]]s. It was discovered in 2011 during the course of the [[Sloan Digital Sky Survey]]. Until the discovery of the [[Huge-LQG]] in November 2012, it was the largest known structure in the universe, beating [[Clowes–Campusano LQG]]'s 20-year record as largest known structure at the time of its discovery.


==Characteristics==
==Characteristics==


The structure is located approximately 2° away from the Clowes-Campusano LQG (CCLQG).<ref name=ClowesSep2011 /> It is at redshift 1.11,{{clarify}} hence its name, corresponding to a distance of approximately 8.8 billion light years away.<ref name=ClowesSep2011 /> It is adjacent to the CCLQG, and is relatively close to U1.54, another LQG.<ref name=ClowesSep2011 /> It compromises 38 quasars,<ref name=ClowesSep2011 /> and may suggest the evolution of a large galaxy filament.
The structure is located approximately 2° away from the Clowes-Campusano LQG (CCLQG).<ref name="ClowesSep2011" /> It is at [[redshift]] z = 1.11,{{clarify|date=September 2016}} hence its name, corresponding to a distance of approximately 8.8 billion light years away.<ref name="ClowesSep2011" /> It is adjacent to the CCLQG, and is relatively close to U1.54, another LQG.<ref name="ClowesSep2011" /> It is composed of 38 quasars,<ref name="ClowesSep2011" /> and may suggest the evolution of a large galaxy filament.


==Cosmological principle==
==Cosmological principle==


According to the [[cosmological principle]], the random distribution of [[matter]] and [[energy]] within the different parts of the universe must be approximately homogeneous and isotropic, and that random overdensities of these objects must be small if projected on a large enough scale. Whilst Yadav ''et al'' projected that the maximum structural sizes was somewhere around 260 [[Parsec|h/Mpc]],<ref name="Yadav">{{cite journal|last=Yadav|first=Jaswant|author2=J. S. Bagla|author3=Nishikanta Khandai|last-author-amp=yes|title=Fractal dimension as a measure of the scale of homogeneity|journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]]|date=25 February 2010|volume=405|issue=3|pages=2009–2015|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16612.x|url=http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/content/405/3/2009.abstract?ijkey=dee165dd1cdd9c394d4f6c3ad6bbd7d468d7997a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha|accessdate=15 January 2013|bibcode=2010MNRAS.405.2009Y}}</ref> while others gave values of 70-130 h/Mpc.<ref name="Hogg">Hogg, D.W. ''et al''., (May 2005) "Cosmic Homogeneity Demonstrated with Luminous Red Galaxies". ''The Astrophysical Journal '''''624''': 54&ndash;58. [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0411197 arXiv:astro-ph/0411197]. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApJ...624...54H Bibcode:2005ApJ...624...54H]. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/429084 doi:10.1086/429084].</ref><ref name="Scrimgeour">Scrimgeour, Morag I. ''et al.'', (May 2012) "The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: the transition to large-scale cosmic homogeneity". ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'' 425 (1): 116&ndash;134. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.6812 arXiv:1205.6812]. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.425..116S Bibcode: 2012MNRAS.425...116S]. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21402.x doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21402.x].</ref><ref name="Nadathur">Nadathur, Seshadri, (July 2013) "Seeing patterns in noise: gigaparsec-scale 'structures' that do not violate homogeneity". ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'' in press. [http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.1700 arXiv:1306.1700]. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013MNRAS.tmp.1690N Bibcode: 2013MNRAS.tmp.1690N]. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstt1028 doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt1028].</ref> More recent calculations suggest values within 370 Mpc. However, U1.11 was twice as large as the presiding scale, and other structures are found that were larger than the said scale. (Some structures exceed the scale by a factor of 8, such as [[Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall]]. Given also its proximity to the Huge-LQG, CCLQG and U1.54,<ref name=ClowesSep2011 /> it will be a big contradiction to the modern cosmological model.
According to the [[cosmological principle]], the random distribution of [[matter]] and [[energy]] within the different parts of the universe must be approximately homogeneous and isotropic, and that random overdensities of these objects must be small if projected on a large enough scale. Yadav ''et al'' projected that the maximum structural sizes was somewhere around 260 [[Parsec|h/Mpc]],<ref name="Yadav">{{Cite journal |last=Yadav |first=Jaswant K. |last2=Bagla |first2=J. S. |last3=Khandai |first3=Nishikanta |name-list-style=amp |date=April 2010 |title=Fractal dimension as a measure of the scale of homogeneity: The scale of homogeneity |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=405 |issue=3 |pages=2009–2015 |arxiv=1001.0617 |bibcode=2010MNRAS.405.2009Y |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16612.x |s2cid=118603499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> while others gave values of 70-130 h/Mpc.<ref name="Hogg">{{Cite journal |last=Hogg |first=David W. |last2=Eisenstein |first2=Daniel J. |last3=Blanton |first3=Michael R. |last4=Bahcall |first4=Neta A. |last5=Brinkmann |first5=J. |last6=Gunn |first6=James E. |last7=Schneider |first7=Donald P. |year=2005 |title=Cosmic Homogeneity Demonstrated with Luminous Red Galaxies |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=624 |issue=1 |pages=54–58 |arxiv=astro-ph/0411197 |bibcode=2005ApJ...624...54H |doi=10.1086/429084 |issn=0004-637X |s2cid=15957886}}</ref><ref name="Scrimgeour">{{Cite journal |last=Scrimgeour |first=Morag I. |last2=Davis |first2=Tamara |last3=Blake |first3=Chris |last4=James |first4=J. Berian |last5=Poole |first5=Gregory B. |last6=Staveley-Smith |first6=Lister |last7=Brough |first7=Sarah |last8=Colless |first8=Matthew |last9=Contreras |first9=Carlos |last10=Couch |first10=Warrick |last11=Croom |first11=Scott |last12=Croton |first12=Darren |last13=Drinkwater |first13=Michael J. |last14=Forster |first14=Karl |last15=Gilbank |first15=David |display-authors=3 |year=2012 |title=The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: the transition to large-scale cosmic homogeneity: Cosmic homogeneity in the WiggleZ survey |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=425 |issue=1 |pages=116–134 |arxiv=1205.6812 |bibcode=2012MNRAS.425..116S |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21402.x |s2cid=19959072 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Nadathur">{{Cite journal |last=Nadathur |first=Seshadri |year=2013 |title=Seeing patterns in noise: gigaparsec-scale 'structures' that do not violate homogeneity |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=434 |issue=1 |pages=398–406 |arxiv=1306.1700 |bibcode=2013MNRAS.434..398N |doi=10.1093/mnras/stt1028 |issn=0035-8711 |doi-access=free}}</ref> More recent calculations suggest values within 370 Mpc. However, U1.11 was twice as large as the presiding scale, and other structures are found that were larger than the said scale. (Some structures exceed the scale by a factor of 8, such as [[Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall]].) Given also its proximity to the Huge-LQG, CCLQG and U1.54,<ref name="ClowesSep2011" /> it will be a big contradiction to the modern cosmological model.


==References==
==References==
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Stars of Leo}}
{{Virgo}}
{{2011 in space}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:U1.11}}
[[Category:Galaxy filaments]]
[[Category:Galaxy filaments]]
[[Category:Quasars]]
[[Category:Quasars]]
[[Category:Large Quasar Groups]]
[[Category:Large quasar groups]]
[[Category:Large-scale structure of the cosmos]]
[[Category:Large-scale structure of the cosmos]]
[[Category:Leo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Leo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Virgo (constellation)]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2011|20110615]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2011|20110831]]

Latest revision as of 22:37, 14 September 2024

U1.11 is a large quasar group located in the constellations of Leo and Virgo. It is one of the largest LQG's known, with the estimated maximum diameter of 780 Mpc (2.2 billion light-years)[1] and contains 38 quasars. It was discovered in 2011 during the course of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Until the discovery of the Huge-LQG in November 2012, it was the largest known structure in the universe, beating Clowes–Campusano LQG's 20-year record as largest known structure at the time of its discovery.

Characteristics

[edit]

The structure is located approximately 2° away from the Clowes-Campusano LQG (CCLQG).[1] It is at redshift z = 1.11,[clarification needed] hence its name, corresponding to a distance of approximately 8.8 billion light years away.[1] It is adjacent to the CCLQG, and is relatively close to U1.54, another LQG.[1] It is composed of 38 quasars,[1] and may suggest the evolution of a large galaxy filament.

Cosmological principle

[edit]

According to the cosmological principle, the random distribution of matter and energy within the different parts of the universe must be approximately homogeneous and isotropic, and that random overdensities of these objects must be small if projected on a large enough scale. Yadav et al projected that the maximum structural sizes was somewhere around 260 h/Mpc,[2] while others gave values of 70-130 h/Mpc.[3][4][5] More recent calculations suggest values within 370 Mpc. However, U1.11 was twice as large as the presiding scale, and other structures are found that were larger than the said scale. (Some structures exceed the scale by a factor of 8, such as Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall.) Given also its proximity to the Huge-LQG, CCLQG and U1.54,[1] it will be a big contradiction to the modern cosmological model.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Clowes, Roger G.; Campusano, Luis E.; Graham, Matthew J. & Söchting, Ilona K. (2012). "Two close large quasar groups of size ∼ 350 Mpc at: Two close large quasar groups". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 419 (1): 556–565. arXiv:1108.6221. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.419..556C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19719.x. S2CID 31553670.
  2. ^ Yadav, Jaswant K.; Bagla, J. S. & Khandai, Nishikanta (April 2010). "Fractal dimension as a measure of the scale of homogeneity: The scale of homogeneity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 405 (3): 2009–2015. arXiv:1001.0617. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.405.2009Y. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16612.x. S2CID 118603499.
  3. ^ Hogg, David W.; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Blanton, Michael R.; Bahcall, Neta A.; Brinkmann, J.; Gunn, James E.; Schneider, Donald P. (2005). "Cosmic Homogeneity Demonstrated with Luminous Red Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 624 (1): 54–58. arXiv:astro-ph/0411197. Bibcode:2005ApJ...624...54H. doi:10.1086/429084. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 15957886.
  4. ^ Scrimgeour, Morag I.; Davis, Tamara; Blake, Chris; et al. (2012). "The WiggleZ Dark Energy Survey: the transition to large-scale cosmic homogeneity: Cosmic homogeneity in the WiggleZ survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 425 (1): 116–134. arXiv:1205.6812. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.425..116S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21402.x. S2CID 19959072.
  5. ^ Nadathur, Seshadri (2013). "Seeing patterns in noise: gigaparsec-scale 'structures' that do not violate homogeneity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 434 (1): 398–406. arXiv:1306.1700. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.434..398N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1028. ISSN 0035-8711.
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