Women in Guam: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Plumeria Girl.jpg|thumb|right|A young woman from Guam.]] |
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'''Women in Guam''', sometimes referred to as Guamanian women or Chamorro (also spelled as Chamoru) women, are women who live in and are from [[Guam]], an [[unincorporated territory of the United States|unincorporated territory]] of the [[United States]]. By traditionial Guamanian culture, the women of Guam are the managers of family resources such as land and food. At present, women - together with Guamanian men - participate in jobs that belong to the wage economy category; but there are also women - among men - who work in the agricultural sector.<ref name=Perez/> |
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'''Women in Guam''' are residents of the [[unincorporated territory of the United States|unincorporated territory]] of the [[United States]] of [[Guam]]. |
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== Culture == |
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In the culture of the [[Chamorro people]], there had been a balance in the gender roles of women and men. The oldest daughter in the Guamanian family shares power with the oldest son. Women, by tradition, is a powerful figure within the household (men excel in areas of public affairs such as hunting and fishing). The eldest daughter had the responsibility of caring for her parents during their older years.<ref name=Perez/> |
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According to Guamanian culture, women are the managers of family resources, such as land and food, which makes them popular in the family set-up, especially with children. Women participate in the wage economy and in the agricultural sector.<ref name="Perez" /> |
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In [[Chamorro people|Chamorro]] culture the gender roles for males and females are distinct and balanced. For example, the oldest daughter in the Guamanian family traditionally shares power with the oldest son. The eldest daughter has the responsibility of caring for her parents during their elder days.<ref name="Perez" /> Women, by tradition, are powerful figures within the household, while men excel in areas such as hunting and fishing. |
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| ⚫ | Traditional gender roles within Guam changed during three centuries of [[colonialism]]. While men dominate the political sphere, women have become more involved and active participants in social, religious and cultural organizations. Roman Catholicism brought changes such as increasing the status government, business, and church, while women adopted roles related to controlling the family. During the second half of the 20th century, some women were elected as political officials and as leaders in many civic and governmental organizations.<ref name="Perez" /> |
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| ⚫ | In the |
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| ⚫ | In the practice of ''poksai,'' a common form of [[adoption]] in Guamanian society, childless Guamanian women may raise a niece or a nephew as a family member, then known as the ''clan'' or ''extended family'' (the core of Guamanian society).<ref name="Perez">{{cite web|last=Hattori|first=Anne Perez|title=Guam|url=http://www.everyculture.com/Ge-It/Guam.html|work=Countries and Their Cultures|accessdate=6 October 2013}}</ref> |
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==English literacy== |
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Chamorro women are categorized into three evolutionary [[generation]]s based on how they value English literacy. The first category valued English literacy for school education and official business domains. The second valued it for schooleducation and professional competence.<ref name="Landy" /> The two generations are closely related. The only difference is the business purpose in the first. The third generation valued English literacy for private and public spheres of influence. Despite the differences, all three commonly use their original language [[Chamorro language|Chamorro]] for religious purposes inclusive of prayer and songs.<ref name="Landy">{{cite web |last=Landy|first=Thomas M.|website=Catholics and cultures |url=https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/guam-matriarchal-culture-endures-sex-considered-private-issue |title=Matriarchal traditions endure from pre-colonial Guam|access-date=20 April 2019 }}</ref> |
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==Elder rituals== |
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The Chamorro people have a unique way of showing respect to elders. Children are taught at an early age how to seek ritual blessings from them. For example, before children go to play, they are advised to seek blessings from and demonstrate respect to their aunts and uncles by holding and smelling their hands.<ref name="Landy" /> The Filipino Mano employ similar rituals, with the major purpose of demonstrating respect for elders.<ref name="Landy" /> The role of the elder is not restricted to men, but may also include women. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{commons category|People |
{{commons category|People of Guam}} |
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* [http://www.guamwomensclinic.com/main/ Guam Women's Clinic] |
* [http://www.guamwomensclinic.com/main/ Guam Women's Clinic] |
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* [http://guampedia.com/women-in-guam-history-2/ Women in Guam History] from Guampedia |
* [http://guampedia.com/women-in-guam-history-2/ Women in Guam History] from Guampedia |
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* [http://www.uog.edu/dynamicdata/WomenGenderStudies.aspx?siteid=1&p=308 Women & Gender Studies Program], College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, University of Guam |
* [http://www.uog.edu/dynamicdata/WomenGenderStudies.aspx?siteid=1&p=308 Women & Gender Studies Program], College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, University of Guam |
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*{{Cite journal|last=Dalton|first=Bridget|date=2000|title=Exploring Literacy on the Internet: To See One Another More Clearly: A Pacific Children's Literature Web Project|journal=The Reading Teacher|volume=53|issue=8|pages=684–693|issn=0034-0561|jstor=20204865}} |
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*{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/guam-matriarchal-culture-endures-sex-considered-private-issue|title=Matriarchal traditions endure from pre-colonial Guam|last=Landy|first=T. M.|date=2018-05-02|website=Catholics & Cultures|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}} |
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| title = [[Women in Oceania]] |
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{{Oceania topic | prefix = Women in | title = [[Women's liberation movement in Oceania]] | state = expanded }} |
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{{Oceania topic | Gender inequality in }} |
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| title = [[Women in Asia]] |
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{{Asia topic | prefix = Women in | title = Women | state = expanded }} |
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{{Asia topic | Women's liberation movement in | title = [[Women's liberation movement in Asia]] }} |
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{{Asia topic | Feminism in | title = [[Feminism in Asia]] }} |
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{{Asia topic | Gender inequality in }} |
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{{Culture of Oceania|state=autocollapse}} |
{{Culture of Oceania|state=autocollapse}} |
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{{United States topics}} |
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{{Guam-stub}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Women In Guam}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Women In Guam}} |
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[[Category:Women in Guam| ]] |
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[[Category:Women in Oceania]] |
[[Category:Women in Oceania]] |
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[[Category:History of women in the United States]] |
[[Category:History of women in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Micronesian people]] |
[[Category:Micronesian people]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Guamanian women]] |
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[[Category:Chamorro people| 01]] |
[[Category:Chamorro people| 01]] |
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[[Category:Oceanian diaspora in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Pacific Islands American]] |
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[[Category:Chamorro| 01]] |
[[Category:Chamorro| 01]] |
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[[Category:Women by country|Guam]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:39, 15 September 2024
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Women in Guam are residents of the unincorporated territory of the United States of Guam.
Culture
[edit]According to Guamanian culture, women are the managers of family resources, such as land and food, which makes them popular in the family set-up, especially with children. Women participate in the wage economy and in the agricultural sector.[1]
In Chamorro culture the gender roles for males and females are distinct and balanced. For example, the oldest daughter in the Guamanian family traditionally shares power with the oldest son. The eldest daughter has the responsibility of caring for her parents during their elder days.[1] Women, by tradition, are powerful figures within the household, while men excel in areas such as hunting and fishing.
Traditional gender roles within Guam changed during three centuries of colonialism. While men dominate the political sphere, women have become more involved and active participants in social, religious and cultural organizations. Roman Catholicism brought changes such as increasing the status government, business, and church, while women adopted roles related to controlling the family. During the second half of the 20th century, some women were elected as political officials and as leaders in many civic and governmental organizations.[1]
In the practice of poksai, a common form of adoption in Guamanian society, childless Guamanian women may raise a niece or a nephew as a family member, then known as the clan or extended family (the core of Guamanian society).[1]
English literacy
[edit]Chamorro women are categorized into three evolutionary generations based on how they value English literacy. The first category valued English literacy for school education and official business domains. The second valued it for schooleducation and professional competence.[2] The two generations are closely related. The only difference is the business purpose in the first. The third generation valued English literacy for private and public spheres of influence. Despite the differences, all three commonly use their original language Chamorro for religious purposes inclusive of prayer and songs.[2]
Elder rituals
[edit]The Chamorro people have a unique way of showing respect to elders. Children are taught at an early age how to seek ritual blessings from them. For example, before children go to play, they are advised to seek blessings from and demonstrate respect to their aunts and uncles by holding and smelling their hands.[2] The Filipino Mano employ similar rituals, with the major purpose of demonstrating respect for elders.[2] The role of the elder is not restricted to men, but may also include women.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]External links
[edit]
- Guam Women's Clinic
- Women in Guam History from Guampedia
- Women & Gender Studies Program, College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, University of Guam
- Dalton, Bridget (2000). "Exploring Literacy on the Internet: To See One Another More Clearly: A Pacific Children's Literature Web Project". The Reading Teacher. 53 (8): 684–693. ISSN 0034-0561. JSTOR 20204865.
- Landy, T. M. (2018-05-02). "Matriarchal traditions endure from pre-colonial Guam". Catholics & Cultures. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
