Trams in Shenyang: Difference between revisions

Shenyang Tramway Network
Shenyang Tramway Network
	Shenyang Trams in the 1930s
Operation
Locale	Shenyang, People's Republic of China
Open	15 August 2013
Lines	3
Infrastructure
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Horse Tram era
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Japanese-Owned era: 1925–1973
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Current era: 2013
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Track length (double)	70 km
Stops	65

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Shenyang, a major industrial city on the Hun River in northeast China has returned its tramway as a modern tram system. Shenyang once had a standard steel wheeled tramway network. Unlike other Chinese towns & cities, Shenyang's tram system was not opened directly as an electric tram. The tram service was completely stopped in 1973. On 15 August, 2013 Shenyang opened a modern tram system in Hunnan New District south of central Shenyang.

History

A horse tramway was opened at Shenyang in 1907. The Japanese - who operated the railways - started electrification in March 1924 even before the creation of the Manchukuo puppet state, and finally the electric tramway opened in October 1925 from Huaiyangmen via Taiqinggong to Xiaoxibianmen.^[2] In November 1925, the section between Xiaoxibianmen to Xita started operating. In 1926 Sino-Japanese joint venture opened a tramway, starting at Mukden Railway Station to Xiaoxibianmen.^[3] From 1920s to 1945 a total of six tram routes was put into operation in Shenyang.

The Chinese Civil War and Second Sino-Japanese War had great impact to tramway operations with power shortages and bombing causing the tram service to be suspended numerous times. By December 12, 1948, all six routes were fully rebuilt.^[4] After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Shenyang had 170 tramcars, making it the largest in the country. The number of private cars greatly increased leading to major traffic congestion and delays to tram services. With the emergence of the first trolleybus line in Shenyang, the development of the tram gradually gave way to the trolleybus. On August 1, 1974, the last tram lines from Shenyang Railway Station to Taiqinggong were removed.^[5]

History

1925 - Electric tram started running from 15 March.
1945 - Total six routes opened as a maximum extension of the network.
1974- The last tram ran.
2013 - Tram returned as modern system.

Fleet

Shenyang's tram was one of the modern tram in Asia. There were two closed type coaches. Electricity were drawn by bow collectors. However, after that tramway had very little upgrade and basically the 1930s electric cars were still running in the 1970s.

Depots & termini

Huai door, Taiqinggong, West Gate Mukden Railway Station was some of the termini.

References

^ "Shenyang Tramway". Railway-Technology. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
^ 《沈阳市志》第一卷·大事记1924年3月. 沈阳出版社. 1989. p. 51. ISBN 7-80556-000-5.
^ 《沈阳市志》第一卷·大事记1926年6月1日. 沈阳出版社. 1989. p. 56. ISBN 7-80556-000-5.
^ "特供稿：从马铁到地铁——沈阳城市公共交通百年回望_沈阳公交网". www.shenyangbus.com. Retrieved 2017-09-10.
^ 沈阳市人民政府地方志编撰办公室 (1989). 沈阳市志. 沈阳出版社. p. 51. ISBN 7-80556-000-5.

External links

Old photos of Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang & Tianjin tram

[1] "Shenyang Tramway". Railway-Technology. Retrieved 30 January 2015.

[2] 《沈阳市志》第一卷·大事记1924年3月. 沈阳出版社. 1989. p. 51. ISBN 7-80556-000-5.

[3] 《沈阳市志》第一卷·大事记1926年6月1日. 沈阳出版社. 1989. p. 56. ISBN 7-80556-000-5.

[4] "特供稿：从马铁到地铁——沈阳城市公共交通百年回望_沈阳公交网". www.shenyangbus.com. Retrieved 2017-09-10.

[5] 沈阳市人民政府地方志编撰办公室 (1989). 沈阳市志. 沈阳出版社. p. 51. ISBN 7-80556-000-5.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{for|the second generation tram system in Shenyang|Shenyang Modern Tram}}
+{{for|the second-generation tram system in Shenyang|Shenyang Modern Tram}}
 {{Infobox tram network
 | box_width =
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 | logo_alt =
 | image = Tram Shenyang 1930s.jpg
-| image_width =
+| image_width = 275px
 | image_alt =
 | caption = Shenyang Trams in the 1930s
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 | lines = 3
 | routes =
-| owners = RATPDev              <!-- or: | owners = -->
+| owners = RATPDev
 | operator =             <!-- or: | operators = -->
 <!--------Infrastructure-------->
@@ Line 121: / Line 121: @@
 | era3_stock =
 | era3_single_track_length =
-| era3_double_track_length = 70 km <ref>{{cite web|title=Shenyang Tramway|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/shenyang-tramway/|website=Railway-Technology|accessdate=30 January 2015}}</ref>
+| era3_double_track_length = 70 km <ref>{{cite web|title=Shenyang Tramway|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/shenyang-tramway/|website=Railway-Technology|access-date=30 January 2015}}</ref>
 | era3_total_track_length =
 | era3_route_length =
@@ Line 133: / Line 133: @@
 | era3_website =
 }}
-[[Shenyang]], a major industrial city on the Hun River in northeast China has returned its tramway as a modern tram system.
+[[Shenyang]], a major industrial city on the Hun River in northeast China has returned its tramway as a modern tram system. Shenyang once had a standard steel wheeled tramway network. Unlike other Chinese towns & cities, Shenyang's tram system was not opened directly as an [[electric tram]]. The tram service was completely stopped in 1973. On 15 August, 2013 Shenyang opened a [[Shenyang Modern Tram|modern tram system]] in [[Hunnan New District]] south of central Shenyang.
-Shenyang once had a standard steel wheeled tramway network. Unlike other Chinese towns & cities, Shenyang's tram system was not opened directly as an [[electric tram]]. The tram service was completely stopped in 1973. Tram returned in Shenyang in 2013.
 ==History==
-A horse tramway was opened at Shenyang in 1907, and later the it was planned for electrification. The Japanese started electrification in March 1924, and finally electric tramway opened in Oct. 1925. From Huai door to Taiqinggong to a small west gate of the first line and opened to traffic. In November 1925, a small tram to the west gate of the opening section of the West Tower. In 1926 Sino-Japanese joint venture opened tram traffic, starting at Mukden railway station, the west end is a small door . From 1920s to 1945 accounting period ended, a total of six Shenyang tram routes was in operation.
+A horse tramway was opened at Shenyang in 1907. The Japanese - who operated the railways - started electrification in March 1924 even before the creation of the [[Manchukuo]] puppet state, and finally the electric tramway opened in October 1925 from Huaiyangmen via Taiqinggong to Xiaoxibianmen.<ref>{{cite book|title=《沈阳市志》第一卷·大事记1924年3月|publisher=沈阳出版社|year=1989|isbn=7-80556-000-5|pages=51}}</ref> In November 1925, the section between Xiaoxibianmen to [[Xita (Shenyang)|Xita]] started operating. In 1926 Sino-Japanese joint venture opened a tramway, starting at [[Shenyang Railway Station|Mukden Railway Station]] to Xiaoxibianmen.<ref>{{cite book|title=《沈阳市志》第一卷·大事记1926年6月1日|publisher=沈阳出版社|year=1989|isbn=7-80556-000-5|pages=56}}</ref> From 1920s to 1945 a total of six tram routes was put into operation in Shenyang.
+The [[Chinese Civil War]] and [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] had great impact to tramway operations with power shortages and bombing causing the tram service to be suspended numerous times. By December 12, 1948, all six routes were fully rebuilt.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shenyangbus.com/a/gjls/2010/1209/3880.html|title=特供稿：从马铁到地铁——沈阳城市公共交通百年回望_沈阳公交网|website=www.shenyangbus.com|access-date=2017-09-10}}</ref> After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Shenyang had 170 tramcars, making it the largest in the country. The number of private cars greatly increased leading to major traffic congestion and delays to tram services. With the emergence of the first [[trolleybus]] line in Shenyang, the development of the tram gradually gave way to the trolleybus. On August 1, 1974, the last tram lines from [[Shenyang Railway Station]] to Taiqinggong were removed.<ref>{{cite book|title=沈阳市志|author=沈阳市人民政府地方志编撰办公室|publisher=沈阳出版社|year=1989|isbn=7-80556-000-5|pages=51}}</ref>
-After 1945 defeat of Japan , the country's total bipartisan see-saw fighting in Shenyang, trams run under severe impact. [[Civil war]] during the period January 12, 1946, causing the city's power supply cut off, and the tram service was suspended. In October 5, 1947, the urban power shortage, two main tram routes in East & West was suspended again. In November 1948, the KMT in Shenyang defeat, in the city days started aircraft bombing, strafing, resulting in Shenyang full 24.6 kilometers of tram 6 again outage. The PLA Shenyang Military Control Commission tissue repair Special City, November 6, 1948 Great East Gate to Shenyang station line was opened; In December 12, 1948, six routes was fully recovered.
+===History===
-People's Republic of China after the establishment of Shenyang has 170 trams, ranking first in the country. But a ddition of the war damage, traffic congestion also grew rapidly. Starting of bus & taxi service grew very rapidly. The number of private cars also increased very much, and especially many streets, which were ideal for tram, now started occupying by motor vehicles. Tramcars were not modernized for many decades, and basically the 1930's electric cars were still running in the 1970’s. On that time buses and trolleybuses started faster & smoother journey with modern buses, whereas trams were still slower, single coach and many backdated features like trolley pole etc., so looked outdated. Under maintenance of tracks caused some derailments and bumpy rides, which were not liked by commuters. Due to the wars between China & Japan, reconstruction of Shenyang became urgent, and for this program, many streets were necessary for widening. The transport authority thought that a slow tram transport with fast bus transport on middle of a wide road will cause many problems for smoother city transportation. The tramway had little comfort and was slow because it was caught in the traffic jam caused by the cars, [[rickshaws]] etc. The tracks were also outdated, noisy and in the middle of the street. Cars had to pass the tramway on the right, causing danger for the pedestrians boarding and alighting the tramway. By justifying all ways, transport department decided to close the tram network and replace it with trolleybus service
-With the emergence of the first [[trolleybus]] line in Shenyang, the development of the tram gradually gave way to the trolleybus. August 1, 1974, Shenyang station to Taiqinggong tram lines were removed, Shenyang original tram system bid farewell to the stage of history.
-After closing tram network in early '70, people of Shenyang thought the only unfashioned obstacle of smooth city traveling has removed, and the city can move faster than before, but it proved false some years later. Uncontrolled increasing of petrol vehicles like [[bus]], [[taxicab]], and [[Motor vehicle|private car]] started chocking the streets of Shenyang. Like most Asian countries, China suffered by many problems of developing countries, including [[pollution]], [[traffic jam]], illegal [[Human migration|migration]], low [[literacy]] and booming increasing of [[population]] etc. Increasing population started increasing [[urbanization]] of Shenyang, and it started increasing [[motor vehicles]], which started increasing air & [[sound pollution]], traffic jam & [[smog]]. From starting '80, all this problems started and at mid '90, inhabitants of Shenyang realized that non-controlling of motor vehicles & closure of tram was a great mistake. Although trolleybus is anslo a coppution free transportation, maintenance of that system was even higher than tram, because it run on rubber tyre, which damages faster than iron wheel. Many cities around the world like [[Tunis]], [[Algiers]], [[Oran]], [[Sydney]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Pyongyang]], [[Dublin]], [[Edinburgh]], [[Athens]], [[Bergen]] etc. also understood that error, and like them, two Chinese cities [[Tianjin]] & [[Shanghai]] also returned tram. Mainly looking Tianjin & Shanghai, Shenyang also planned for return of tram.
-Downtown Shenyang was then so overcrowded by motor vehicles around 2000, so opening a tramway system were not possible there, so transport authority decided to construct it in the south of [[Hun He]], which is in souther side of the main city. in 2011.
-===Past in a nutshell===
 *1925 - Electric tram started running from 15 March.
@@ Line 156: / Line 146: @@
 *1974- The last tram ran.
 *2013 - Tram returned as modern system.
-==Tram routes==
 ==Fleet==
+[[File:Straßenbahn (Shenyang).jpg|thumb|Shenyang (first generation) tram car]]
-Shenyang's tram was one of the modern tram in Asia. There were two closed type coaches. Electricity were drawn by bow collectors. However, after that tramway had very little upgrade and basically the 1930's electric cars were still running in the 1970's. These vehicles looked outdated compared to the new cars and buses that were then on the streets. That was one of the strong reasons of closure of the system.
+Shenyang's tram was one of the modern tram in Asia. There were two closed type coaches. Electricity were drawn by bow collectors. However, after that tramway had very little upgrade and basically the 1930s electric cars were still running in the 1970s.
 ==Depots & termini==
-Huai door, Taiqinggong , West Gate Mukden Railway Station was some of the termini.
+Huai door, Taiqinggong, West Gate Mukden Railway Station was some of the termini.
-==Alignment==
-All tram routes were on unreserved tracks and middle of the roads. Tramcars were caught in the traffic jam caused by the cars. The tracks were also outdated, noisy and in the middle of the street. Cars had to pass the tramway on the right, causing danger for the [[pedestrians]] boarding and alighting the tramway. Those were one of the strong reasons of closure of the system.
 ==See also==
+*[[Shenyang Modern Tram]] - The second generation tram in Shenyang
+*[[Shenyang Metro]]
-[[Shenyang Modern Tram]] - The second generation tram in Shenyang
+*[[Shenyang suburban train|Shen Fu Intercity Railway]]
-[[Shenyang Metro]]
+*[[Changchun Tram]]
+*[[Trams in Dalian|Dalian Tram]]
+*[[Hong Kong Tramways|Hong Kong Tram]]
-[[Shenyang suburban train|Shen Fu Intercity Railway]]
+*[[Trams in Qingdao|Qingdao Tram]]
-[[Anren Tram]]
-[[Changchun Tram]]
-[[Trams in Dalian|Dalian Tram]]
-[[Hong Kong Tramways|Hongkong Tram]]
-[[Trams in Qingdao|Qingdao Tram]]
-[[Trams in Suzhou|Suzhou Tram]]
-[[TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram|Tianjin Modern Tram]]  - rubber tired tram of Tianjin
-[[Zhangjiang Tram|Shanghai Modern Tram]] - rubber tired tram of Shanghai
 == References ==
@@ Line 205: / Line 174: @@
 [[Category:Tram transport in China|Shenyang]]
 [[Category:Transport in Shenyang]]
+[[Category:Town tramway systems by city|Shenyang]]
-{{tram-stub}}