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{{Year in Germany|1934}} |
{{Year in Germany|1934}} |
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Events in the year '''1934 in [[Germany]]'''. |
Events in the year '''1934 in [[Germany]]'''. |
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===National level=== |
===National level=== |
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Head of State |
Head of State |
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* |
* [[President of Germany (1919–1945)|President]]: |
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**[[Paul von Hindenburg]] <small>(until 2 August 1934)</small> |
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**[[Adolf Hitler]] <small>(from 2 August 1934; as [[Führer]] and Chancellor)</small> |
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[[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] |
* [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]]: |
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* |
**[[Adolf Hitler]] ([[Nazi Party]]) |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
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* 1 January — Germany passes the "[[Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring]]". |
* [[1 January]] — Germany passes the "[[Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring]]".<ref>{{cite book | last = Proctor | first = Robert | title = Racial hygiene: medicine under the Nazis | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, Mass | year = 1988 | isbn = 9780674745780 | page=108}}</ref> |
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* 10 January — [[Marinus van der Lubbe]] is executed in Germany. |
* [[10 January]] — [[Marinus van der Lubbe]] is executed in Germany. |
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* 26 January — |
* [[26 January]] — The 10 year [[German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact]] is signed by Germany and the [[Second Polish Republic]]. |
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* 20 March — All the police forces in Germany come under the command of [[Heinrich Himmler]]. |
* [[20 March]] — All the police forces in Germany come under the command of [[Heinrich Himmler]]. |
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* 29 May |
* [[29 May]]-[[31 May]] — The Confessional Synod of the [[German Evangelical Church]] meets in [[Barmen]], Germany to write the [[Barmen Declaration]]. |
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* 30 June — |
* [[30 June]] — |
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**The Nazi [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] camp [[Oranienburg]] becomes a national camp, taken over by the [[SS]]. |
**The Nazi [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] camp [[Oranienburg]] becomes a national camp, taken over by the [[SS]]. |
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**[[Night of the Long Knives]]: [[Nazism|Nazis]] purge the [[Sturmabteilung|SA]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Night-of-the-Long-Knives |website=Encyclopedia Britannica | |
**[[Night of the Long Knives]]: [[Nazism|Nazis]] purge the [[Sturmabteilung|SA]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Night-of-the-Long-Knives |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=12 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref> |
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* 10 July — German [[Social Democrat]] and author [[Erich Mühsam]] is killed in [[Oranienburg]] [[concentration camp]]. |
* [[10 July]] — German [[Social Democrat]] and author [[Erich Mühsam]] is killed in [[Oranienburg]] [[concentration camp]]. |
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* 2 August — President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] dies and [[Adolf Hitler]] declares himself ''[[Führer]]'' of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor. |
* [[2 August]] — President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] dies and [[Adolf Hitler]] declares himself ''[[Führer]]'' of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor. |
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* 19 August — German voters retroactively endorse Hitler's assumption of the powers of head of state in a [[German referendum, 1934|referendum]], with 89.9% in favor; Hitler effectively becomes the absolute dictator of Germany.<ref name=USHMMTOE1933-38>{{cite web |url= https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1933-1938 |title=Timeline of Events 1933-1938 |
* [[19 August]] — German voters retroactively endorse Hitler's assumption of the powers of head of state in a [[German referendum, 1934|referendum]], with 89.9% in favor; Hitler effectively becomes the absolute dictator of Germany.<ref name=USHMMTOE1933-38>{{cite web |url= https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1933-1938 |title=Timeline of Events 1933-1938 |website=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> |
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* |
* [[5 September|5]]–[[10 September]] — The [[Nuremberg Rally|6th Nazi Party Congress]] is held in Nuremberg, attended by about 700,000 Nazi Party supporters and the Leni Riefenstahl film ''[[Triumph of the Will|Triumph des Willens]]'' is made at this rally.<ref>{{cite document|title=Document number 2374 through PS-3311-PS|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1946|page=811}}</ref> |
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==Births== |
==Births== |
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* |
* [[1 January]] - [[Hans Huber (boxer)|Hans Huber]], German boxer |
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* |
* [[4 January]] - [[Hellmuth Karasek]], German journalist, literary critic, novelist and author (died [[2015 in Germany|2015]]) |
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* [[29 January]] - [[Paul Gutama Soegijo]], German musician and composer (died [[2019 in Germany|2019]])<ref>{{cite Grove |last=Raden |first=Franki |date=20 January 2001 |title=Soegijo, Paul Gutama |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26092 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |
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* March |
* [[20 March]] - [[Peter Berling]], German actor (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]]) |
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* [[27 March]] |
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** [[Jutta Limbach]], German politician and jurist (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/pressemitteilungen/bvg14-028.html|title=Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Jutta Limbach feiert ihren 80. Geburtstag|date=26 March 2014|website=[[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]], Karlsruhe|access-date=9 April 2022}}</ref> |
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* |
** [[Peter Schamoni]], German film director (died [[2011 in Germany|2011]]) |
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* April |
* [[1 April]] - [[Elmar Faber]], German book publisher (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]]) |
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* |
* [[5 April]] - [[Roman Herzog]], German politician, [[President of Germany]] (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]]) |
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* |
* [[13 April]] - [[Siegfried Matthus]], German composer (died [[2021 in Germany|2021]]) |
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* |
* [[27 April]] - [[Jürgen Kühling]], German judge (died [[2019 in Germany|2019]]) |
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* |
* [[6 May]] - [[Oskar Gottlieb Blarr]], German composer |
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* |
* [[27 May]] - [[Uwe Friedrichsen]], German actor (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]]) |
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* |
* [[21 June]] - [[Josef Stoer]], German mathematician |
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* [[3 July]] |
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* |
** [[Klaus von Beyme]], German political scientist (died [[2021 in Germany|2021]]) |
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** [[Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg]], German general |
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* [[17 July]] |
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* |
** [[Rainer Kirsch]], German journalist and writer (died [[2015 in Germany|2015]]) |
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** [[Horst Steinmann]], German economist |
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* |
* [[20 July]] - [[Uwe Johnson]], German writer (died [[1984 in Germany|1984]]) |
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* |
* [[29 July]] — [[Albert Speer, Jr.]], German architect (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]]) |
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* [[1 August]] |
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* November 30 - [[Albert, Margrave of Meissen (1934–2012)|Albert, Margrave of Meissen]], German nobleman (died [[2012 in Germany|2012]]) |
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** [[Hermann Baumann (musician)|Hermann Baumann]], German horn player (died [[2023 in Germany|2023]]) |
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* [[29 August]] |
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** [[Gerhard Lohfink]], German Catholic priest and theologian (died [[2024 in Germany|2024]])<ref>[https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2024/04/03/gerhard-lohfink-remembrance-jesus-247623 Remembering Gerhard Lohfink, who wrote the best book on Jesus I’ve ever read]</ref> |
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* [[7 September]] - [[Mary Bauermeister]], German artist (died [[2023 in Germany|2023]]) |
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* [[7 October]] — [[Ulrike Meinhof]], German terrorist (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Boar | first = Roger | title = Crooks, crime and corruption | publisher = Dorset Press | location = New York | year = 1991 | isbn = 9780880296151 | page=371}}</ref> |
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* [[19 October]] — [[Eva-Maria Hagen]], German actress and singer (died [[2022 in Germany|2022]])<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/eva-maria-hagen-the-bardot-of-the-east-dies-at-87/a-62869568 Eva-Maria Hagen, the 'Bardot of the East,' dies at 87]</ref> |
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* [[15 November]] - [[Martin Bangemann]], German politician (died [[2022 in Germany|2022]]) |
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* [[24 November]] - [[Wolfgang Rademann]], German television producer and journalist (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]]) |
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* [[29 November]] - [[Günter Wewel]], German opera singer and television presenter (died [[2023 in Germany|2023]])<ref>[https://www.tz.de/stars/volkslieder-fuer-millionen-kammersaenger-guenter-wewel-ist-tot-zr-92269962.html Volkslieder für Millionen: Kammersänger Günter Wewel ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref> |
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* [[30 November]] - [[Albert, Margrave of Meissen (1934–2012)|Albert, Margrave of Meissen]], German nobleman (died [[2012 in Germany|2012]])<ref>{{cite journal | title=Obituary: Prince Albert of Saxony | author=Beeche, Arturo | journal=Eurohistory |date=October 2012 | volume=15.5 | issue=89 | pages=17, 39}}</ref> |
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* [[5 December]] - [[Eberhard Jüngel]], German Lutheran theologian (died [[2021 in Germany|2021]]) |
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== Deaths == |
== Deaths == |
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* [[1 January]] — [[Jakob Wassermann]], Jewish-German novelist (born [[1873 in Germany|1873]]) |
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* |
* [[21 January]] - [[Paul Troost]], German architect (born [[1878 in Germany|1878]])<ref>[[Sven Felix Kellerhoff|Kellerhoff, Sven Felix]] (2004) ''The Führer Bunker: Hitler's Last Refuge''. Berlin: Story Verlag. p.38</ref> |
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* |
* [[29 January]] - [[Fritz Haber]], German chemist (born [[1868 in Germany|1868]]) |
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* |
* [[1 March]] - [[Wilhelm Diegelmann]], German actor (born [[1861 in Germany|1861]]) |
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* 7 April - [[Karl von Einem]], Prussian Minister of War (born [[1853 in Germany|1853]]) |
* [[7 April]] - [[Karl von Einem]], Prussian Minister of War (born [[1853 in Germany|1853]]) |
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* [[10 June]] - [[Victor Villiger]], Swiss-German chemist (born [[1868]]) |
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* [[19 June]] – [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872-1934)|Prince Bernhard of Lippe]] (born [[1872]]) |
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** [[Gregor Strasser]], German [[German Imperial Army|Imperial]] soldier and early Nazi (born [[1892 in Germany|1892]]) |
** [[Gregor Strasser]], German [[German Imperial Army|Imperial]] soldier and early Nazi (born [[1892 in Germany|1892]]) |
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** [[Kurt von Schleicher]], German Imperial general, politician and former [[Chancellor of Germany]] (born [[1882 in Germany|1882]]) |
** [[Kurt von Schleicher]], German Imperial general, politician and former [[Chancellor of Germany]] (born [[1882 in Germany|1882]]) |
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** [[Karl Ernst]], Nazi paramilitary (born [[1904 in Germany|1904]]) |
** [[Karl Ernst]], Nazi paramilitary (born [[1904 in Germany|1904]]) |
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* July - [[Karl-Günther Heimsoth]], German physician and polygraph (born [[1899 in Germany|1899]]) |
* July - [[Karl-Günther Heimsoth]], German physician and polygraph (born [[1899 in Germany|1899]]) |
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* 1 July |
* [[1 July]] |
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* |
** [[Edgar Julius Jung]], German lawyer and political activist (born [[1894 in Germany|1894]]) |
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** [[Ernst Röhm]], German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born [[1887 in Germany|1887]])<ref>{{cite book | last=Kershaw |first=Ian |year=2008 |title=Hitler: A Biography |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-06757-6 | page=312}}</ref> |
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* |
* [[10 July]] - [[Erich Mühsam]], German poet and playwright (born [[1878 in Germany|1878]]) |
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* |
* [[13 July]] - [[Fritz Graebner]], German ethnologist (born [[1877 in Germany|1877]]) |
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* [[2 August]] — [[Paul von Hindenburg]], German general and politician (born [[1847 in Germany|1847]]) |
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* [[15 October]] - [[Samuel von Fischer]], German publisher (born [[1859 in Germany|1859]]) |
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* [[19 October]] – [[Alexander von Kluck]], German general (born [[1846 in Germany|1846]]) |
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* [[20 October]] — [[Hans Böhning]], World War I German flying ace (born [[1893 in Germany|1893]]) |
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* [[12 November]] - [[Walther Bensemann]], German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, [[Kicker (sports magazine)|Kicker]] (born [[1873 in Germany|1873]]) |
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* [[16 November]] - [[Carl von Linde]], German engineer and scientist (born [[1842]]) |
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==References== |
==References== |
Latest revision as of 23:19, 15 September 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2022) |
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See also: | Other events of 1934 History of Germany • Timeline • Years |
Events in the year 1934 in Germany.
Incumbents
National level
Head of State
- President:
- Paul von Hindenburg (until 2 August 1934)
- Adolf Hitler (from 2 August 1934; as Führer and Chancellor)
Events
- 1 January — Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring".[1]
- 10 January — Marinus van der Lubbe is executed in Germany.
- 26 January — The 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by Germany and the Second Polish Republic.
- 20 March — All the police forces in Germany come under the command of Heinrich Himmler.
- 29 May-31 May — The Confessional Synod of the German Evangelical Church meets in Barmen, Germany to write the Barmen Declaration.
- 30 June —
- The Nazi SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the SS.
- Night of the Long Knives: Nazis purge the SA.[2]
- 10 July — German Social Democrat and author Erich Mühsam is killed in Oranienburg concentration camp.
- 2 August — President Paul von Hindenburg dies and Adolf Hitler declares himself Führer of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
- 19 August — German voters retroactively endorse Hitler's assumption of the powers of head of state in a referendum, with 89.9% in favor; Hitler effectively becomes the absolute dictator of Germany.[3]
- 5–10 September — The 6th Nazi Party Congress is held in Nuremberg, attended by about 700,000 Nazi Party supporters and the Leni Riefenstahl film Triumph des Willens is made at this rally.[4]
Births
- 1 January - Hans Huber, German boxer
- 4 January - Hellmuth Karasek, German journalist, literary critic, novelist and author (died 2015)
- 29 January - Paul Gutama Soegijo, German musician and composer (died 2019)[5]
- 20 March - Peter Berling, German actor (died 2017)
- 27 March
- Jutta Limbach, German politician and jurist (died 2016)[6]
- Peter Schamoni, German film director (died 2011)
- 1 April - Elmar Faber, German book publisher (died 2017)
- 5 April - Roman Herzog, German politician, President of Germany (died 2017)
- 13 April - Siegfried Matthus, German composer (died 2021)
- 27 April - Jürgen Kühling, German judge (died 2019)
- 6 May - Oskar Gottlieb Blarr, German composer
- 27 May - Uwe Friedrichsen, German actor (died 2016)
- 21 June - Josef Stoer, German mathematician
- 3 July
- Klaus von Beyme, German political scientist (died 2021)
- Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German general
- 10 July - Alfred Biolek, German television presenter (died 2021)
- 17 July
- Rainer Kirsch, German journalist and writer (died 2015)
- Horst Steinmann, German economist
- 20 July - Uwe Johnson, German writer (died 1984)
- 29 July — Albert Speer, Jr., German architect (died 2017)
- 1 August
- Hermann Baumann, German horn player (died 2023)
- Oskar Negt, German philosopher (died 2024)
- 29 August
- Gerhard Lohfink, German Catholic priest and theologian (died 2024)[7]
- Horst Szymaniak, German football player (died 2009)
- 5 September - Paul Josef Cordes, German cardinal
- 7 September - Mary Bauermeister, German artist (died 2023)
- 16 September - Hans A. Engelhard, German jurist and politician (died 2008)
- 24 September - Manfred Wörner, German politician (died 1994)
- 7 October — Ulrike Meinhof, German terrorist (died 1976)[8]
- 19 October — Eva-Maria Hagen, German actress and singer (died 2022)[9]
- 15 November - Martin Bangemann, German politician (died 2022)
- 21 November - Gerhard Erber, German pianist (died 2021)
- 24 November - Wolfgang Rademann, German television producer and journalist (died 2016)
- 29 November - Günter Wewel, German opera singer and television presenter (died 2023)[10]
- 30 November - Albert, Margrave of Meissen, German nobleman (died 2012)[11]
- 5 December - Eberhard Jüngel, German Lutheran theologian (died 2021)
Deaths
- 1 January — Jakob Wassermann, Jewish-German novelist (born 1873)
- 21 January - Paul Troost, German architect (born 1878)[12]
- 29 January - Fritz Haber, German chemist (born 1868)
- 1 March - Wilhelm Diegelmann, German actor (born 1861)
- 7 April - Karl von Einem, Prussian Minister of War (born 1853)
- 10 June - Victor Villiger, Swiss-German chemist (born 1868)
- 19 June – Prince Bernhard of Lippe (born 1872)
- 30 June (assassinations associated with The Night of the Long Knives):
- Gregor Strasser, German Imperial soldier and early Nazi (born 1892)
- Kurt von Schleicher, German Imperial general, politician and former Chancellor of Germany (born 1882)
- Gustav Ritter von Kahr, German politician (born 1862)
- Erich Klausener, German Catholic politician (born 1885)
- Herbert von Bose, German politician (born 1893)
- Edmund Heines, Nazi paramilitary (born 1897)
- Ferdinand von Bredow, German Generalmajor, former head of the Abwehr (born 1884)
- Fritz Gerlich, German journalist and historian (born 1883)
- Peter von Heydebreck, German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born 1889)
- Karl Ernst, Nazi paramilitary (born 1904)
- July - Karl-Günther Heimsoth, German physician and polygraph (born 1899)
- 1 July
- Edgar Julius Jung, German lawyer and political activist (born 1894)
- Ernst Röhm, German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born 1887)[13]
- 10 July - Erich Mühsam, German poet and playwright (born 1878)
- 13 July - Fritz Graebner, German ethnologist (born 1877)
- 2 August — Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician (born 1847)
- 15 October - Samuel von Fischer, German publisher (born 1859)
- 19 October – Alexander von Kluck, German general (born 1846)
- 20 October — Hans Böhning, World War I German flying ace (born 1893)
- 12 November - Walther Bensemann, German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, Kicker (born 1873)
- 16 November - Carl von Linde, German engineer and scientist (born 1842)
- 17 November - Joachim Ringelnatz, German writer (born 1883)
- 5 December – Oskar von Hutier, German general (born 1857)
References
- ^ Proctor, Robert (1988). Racial hygiene: medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. p. 108. ISBN 9780674745780.
- ^ "Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ^ "Timeline of Events 1933-1938". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC.
- ^ "Document number 2374 through PS-3311-PS" (Document). U.S. Government Printing Office. 1946. p. 811.
- ^ Raden, Franki (20 January 2001). "Soegijo, Paul Gutama". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ^ "Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Jutta Limbach feiert ihren 80. Geburtstag". Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Karlsruhe. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
- ^ Remembering Gerhard Lohfink, who wrote the best book on Jesus I’ve ever read
- ^ Boar, Roger (1991). Crooks, crime and corruption. New York: Dorset Press. p. 371. ISBN 9780880296151.
- ^ Eva-Maria Hagen, the 'Bardot of the East,' dies at 87
- ^ Volkslieder für Millionen: Kammersänger Günter Wewel ist tot (in German)
- ^ Beeche, Arturo (October 2012). "Obituary: Prince Albert of Saxony". Eurohistory. 15.5 (89): 17, 39.
- ^ Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (2004) The Führer Bunker: Hitler's Last Refuge. Berlin: Story Verlag. p.38
- ^ Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.