Jump to content

1934 in Germany: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(37 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive -->
{{One source|date=June 2018}}
{{pp-sock|small=yes}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2022}}
{{Year in Germany|1934}}
{{Year in Germany|1934}}
Events in the year '''1934 in [[Germany]]'''.
Events in the year '''1934 in [[Germany]]'''.
Line 7: Line 9:
===National level===
===National level===
Head of State
Head of State
*[[Paul von Hindenburg]] ([[President of Germany (1919–1945)|President]]) (Non-partisan) to 2 August, then [[Adolf Hitler]] (the [[Führer]]) ([[Nazi Party]])
* [[President of Germany (1919–1945)|President]]:
**[[Paul von Hindenburg]] <small>(until 2 August 1934)</small>
**[[Adolf Hitler]] <small>(from 2 August 1934; as [[Führer]] and Chancellor)</small>


[[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]]
* [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]]:
* [[Adolf Hitler]] ([[Nazi Party]])
**[[Adolf Hitler]] ([[Nazi Party]])


==Events==
==Events==
* 1 January — Germany passes the "[[Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring]]".
* [[1 January]] — Germany passes the "[[Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring]]".<ref>{{cite book | last = Proctor | first = Robert | title = Racial hygiene: medicine under the Nazis | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, Mass | year = 1988 | isbn = 9780674745780 | page=108}}</ref>
* 10 January — [[Marinus van der Lubbe]] is executed in Germany.
* [[10 January]] — [[Marinus van der Lubbe]] is executed in Germany.
* 26 January — The 10 year [[German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact]] is signed by Germany and the [[Second Polish Republic]].
* [[26 January]] — The 10 year [[German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact]] is signed by Germany and the [[Second Polish Republic]].
* 20 March — All the police forces in Germany come under the command of [[Heinrich Himmler]].
* [[20 March]] — All the police forces in Germany come under the command of [[Heinrich Himmler]].
* 29 May - 31 May — The Confessional Synod of the [[German Evangelical Church]] meets in [[Barmen]], Germany to write the [[Barmen Declaration]].
* [[29 May]]-[[31 May]] — The Confessional Synod of the [[German Evangelical Church]] meets in [[Barmen]], Germany to write the [[Barmen Declaration]].
* 30 June —
* [[30 June]]
**The Nazi [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] camp [[Oranienburg]] becomes a national camp, taken over by the [[SS]].
**The Nazi [[Sturmabteilung|SA]] camp [[Oranienburg]] becomes a national camp, taken over by the [[SS]].
**[[Night of the Long Knives]]: [[Nazism|Nazis]] purge the [[Sturmabteilung|SA]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Night-of-the-Long-Knives |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |accessdate=12 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
**[[Night of the Long Knives]]: [[Nazism|Nazis]] purge the [[Sturmabteilung|SA]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Night-of-the-Long-Knives |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=12 June 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
* 10 July — German [[Social Democrat]] and author [[Erich Mühsam]] is killed in [[Oranienburg]] [[concentration camp]].
* [[10 July]] — German [[Social Democrat]] and author [[Erich Mühsam]] is killed in [[Oranienburg]] [[concentration camp]].
* 2 August — President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] dies and [[Adolf Hitler]] declares himself ''[[Führer]]'' of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
* [[2 August]] — President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] dies and [[Adolf Hitler]] declares himself ''[[Führer]]'' of Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
* 19 August — German voters retroactively endorse Hitler's assumption of the powers of head of state in a [[German referendum, 1934|referendum]], with 89.9% in favor; Hitler effectively becomes the absolute dictator of Germany.<ref name=USHMMTOE1933-38>{{cite web |url= https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1933-1938 |title=Timeline of Events 1933-1938 |year= |website=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]|series= |publisher= |location=Washington, DC|accessdate=}}</ref>
* [[19 August]] — German voters retroactively endorse Hitler's assumption of the powers of head of state in a [[German referendum, 1934|referendum]], with 89.9% in favor; Hitler effectively becomes the absolute dictator of Germany.<ref name=USHMMTOE1933-38>{{cite web |url= https://www.ushmm.org/learn/timeline-of-events/1933-1938 |title=Timeline of Events 1933-1938 |website=[[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]|location=Washington, DC}}</ref>
* 5–10 September — The [[Nuremberg Rally|6th Nazi Party Congress]] is held in Nuremberg, attended by about 700,000 Nazi Party supporters and the Leni Riefenstahl film ''[[Triumph of the Will|Triumph des Willens]]'' is made at this rally.<ref name="IMDB">[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0025913/ Triumph des Willens (1935)]</ref><ref>[http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/propaganda_in_nazi_germany.htm Propaganda in Nazi Germany]</ref>
* [[5 September|5]]–[[10 September]] — The [[Nuremberg Rally|6th Nazi Party Congress]] is held in Nuremberg, attended by about 700,000 Nazi Party supporters and the Leni Riefenstahl film ''[[Triumph of the Will|Triumph des Willens]]'' is made at this rally.<ref>{{cite document|title=Document number 2374 through PS-3311-PS|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1946|page=811}}</ref>


==Births==
==Births==
* January 1 - [[Hans Huber (boxer)|Hans Huber]], German boxer
* [[1 January]] - [[Hans Huber (boxer)|Hans Huber]], German boxer
* January 4 - [[Hellmuth Karasek]], German journalist, literary critic, novelist and author (died [[2015 in Germany|2015]])
* [[4 January]] - [[Hellmuth Karasek]], German journalist, literary critic, novelist and author (died [[2015 in Germany|2015]])
* [[29 January]] - [[Paul Gutama Soegijo]], German musician and composer (died [[2019 in Germany|2019]])<ref>{{cite Grove |last=Raden |first=Franki |date=20 January 2001 |title=Soegijo, Paul Gutama |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.26092 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* March 20 - [[Peter Berling]], German actor (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]])
* March 27 - [[Jutta Limbach]], German politician and jurist (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]])
* [[20 March]] - [[Peter Berling]], German actor (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]])
* [[27 March]]
* March 27 - [[Peter Schamoni]], German film director (died [[2011 in Germany|2011]])
** [[Jutta Limbach]], German politician and jurist (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/pressemitteilungen/bvg14-028.html|title=Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Jutta Limbach feiert ihren 80. Geburtstag|date=26 March 2014|website=[[Federal Constitutional Court of Germany]], Karlsruhe|access-date=9 April 2022}}</ref>
* April 1 [[Elmar Faber]], German book publisher (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]])
* April 5 - [[Roman Herzog]], German politician (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]])
** [[Peter Schamoni]], German film director (died [[2011 in Germany|2011]])
* April 27 - [[Jürgen Kühling]], German judge
* [[1 April]] - [[Elmar Faber]], German book publisher (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]])
* May 27 - [[Uwe Friedrichsen]], German actor (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]])
* [[5 April]] - [[Roman Herzog]], German politician, [[President of Germany]] (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]])
* Jun 7 - [[Princess Felicitas of Prussia]] (died [[2009 in Germany|2009]])
* [[13 April]] - [[Siegfried Matthus]], German composer (died [[2021 in Germany|2021]])
* July 3 - [[Klaus von Beyme]], German political scientist
* [[27 April]] - [[Jürgen Kühling]], German judge (died [[2019 in Germany|2019]])
* July 3 - [[Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg]], German general
* [[6 May]] - [[Oskar Gottlieb Blarr]], German composer
* July 10 - [[Alfred Biolek]], German teleivison presenter
* [[27 May]] - [[Uwe Friedrichsen]], German actor (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]])
* July 17 - [[Rainer Kirsch]], German journalist and writer (died [[2015 in Germany|2015]])
* [[21 June]] - [[Josef Stoer]], German mathematician
* [[3 July]]
* July 20 - [[Uwe Johnson]], German writer (died [[1984 in Germany|1984]])
* July 29 — [[Albert Speer, Jr.]], German architect (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]])
** [[Klaus von Beyme]], German political scientist (died [[2021 in Germany|2021]])
** [[Berthold Maria Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg]], German general
* August 29 - [[Horst Szymaniak]], German football player (died [[2009 in Germany|2009]])
* [[10 July]] - [[Alfred Biolek]], German television presenter (died [[2021 in Germany|2021]])
* September 5 - [[Paul Josef Cordes]], German cardinal
* [[17 July]]
* September 16 - [[Hans A. Engelhard]], German jurist and politician (died [[2008 in Germany|2008]])
* September 24 -[[Manfred Wörner]], German politician (died [[1994 in Germany|1994]])
** [[Rainer Kirsch]], German journalist and writer (died [[2015 in Germany|2015]])
** [[Horst Steinmann]], German economist
* October 7 [[Ulrike Meinhof]], German terrorist (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])
* November 15 - [[Martin Bangemann]], German politician
* [[20 July]] - [[Uwe Johnson]], German writer (died [[1984 in Germany|1984]])
* November 24 - [[Wolfgang Rademann]], German television producer and journalist (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]])
* [[29 July]] [[Albert Speer, Jr.]], German architect (died [[2017 in Germany|2017]])
* [[1 August]]
* November 30 - [[Albert, Margrave of Meissen (1934–2012)|Albert, Margrave of Meissen]], German nobleman (died [[2012 in Germany|2012]])
** [[Hermann Baumann (musician)|Hermann Baumann]], German horn player (died [[2023 in Germany|2023]])
** [[Oskar Negt]], German philosopher (died [[2024 in Germany|2024]])
* [[29 August]]
** [[Gerhard Lohfink]], German Catholic priest and theologian (died [[2024 in Germany|2024]])<ref>[https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2024/04/03/gerhard-lohfink-remembrance-jesus-247623 Remembering Gerhard Lohfink, who wrote the best book on Jesus I’ve ever read]</ref>
** [[Horst Szymaniak]], German football player (died [[2009 in Germany|2009]])
* [[5 September]] - [[Paul Josef Cordes]], German cardinal
* [[7 September]] - [[Mary Bauermeister]], German artist (died [[2023 in Germany|2023]])
* [[16 September]] - [[Hans A. Engelhard]], German jurist and politician (died [[2008 in Germany|2008]])
* [[24 September]] - [[Manfred Wörner]], German politician (died [[1994 in Germany|1994]])
* [[7 October]] — [[Ulrike Meinhof]], German terrorist (died [[1976 in Germany|1976]])<ref>{{cite book | last = Boar | first = Roger | title = Crooks, crime and corruption | publisher = Dorset Press | location = New York | year = 1991 | isbn = 9780880296151 | page=371}}</ref>
* [[19 October]] — [[Eva-Maria Hagen]], German actress and singer (died [[2022 in Germany|2022]])<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/eva-maria-hagen-the-bardot-of-the-east-dies-at-87/a-62869568 Eva-Maria Hagen, the 'Bardot of the East,' dies at 87]</ref>
* [[15 November]] - [[Martin Bangemann]], German politician (died [[2022 in Germany|2022]])
* [[21 November]] - [[Gerhard Erber]], German pianist (died [[2021 in Germany|2021]])
* [[24 November]] - [[Wolfgang Rademann]], German television producer and journalist (died [[2016 in Germany|2016]])
* [[29 November]] - [[Günter Wewel]], German opera singer and television presenter (died [[2023 in Germany|2023]])<ref>[https://www.tz.de/stars/volkslieder-fuer-millionen-kammersaenger-guenter-wewel-ist-tot-zr-92269962.html Volkslieder für Millionen: Kammersänger Günter Wewel ist tot] {{in lang|de}}</ref>
* [[30 November]] - [[Albert, Margrave of Meissen (1934–2012)|Albert, Margrave of Meissen]], German nobleman (died [[2012 in Germany|2012]])<ref>{{cite journal | title=Obituary: Prince Albert of Saxony | author=Beeche, Arturo | journal=Eurohistory |date=October 2012 | volume=15.5 | issue=89 | pages=17, 39}}</ref>
* [[5 December]] - [[Eberhard Jüngel]], German Lutheran theologian (died [[2021 in Germany|2021]])


== Deaths ==
== Deaths ==
* [[1 January]] — [[Jakob Wassermann]], Jewish-German novelist (born [[1873 in Germany|1873]])
{{Expand section|date=April 2011}}
* 1 January [[Jakob Wassermann]], Jewish-German novelist (born [[1873 in Germany|1873]])
* [[21 January]] - [[Paul Troost]], German architect (born [[1878 in Germany|1878]])<ref>[[Sven Felix Kellerhoff|Kellerhoff, Sven Felix]] (2004) ''The Führer Bunker: Hitler's Last Refuge''. Berlin: Story Verlag. p.38</ref>
* 21 January - [[Paul Troost]], German architect (born [[1878 in Germany|1878]])
* [[29 January]] - [[Fritz Haber]], German chemist (born [[1868 in Germany|1868]])
* 29 January - [[Fritz Haber]], German chemist (born [[1868 in Germany|1868]])
* [[1 March]] - [[Wilhelm Diegelmann]], German actor (born [[1861 in Germany|1861]])
* 7 April - [[Karl von Einem]], Prussian Minister of War (born [[1853 in Germany|1853]])
* [[7 April]] - [[Karl von Einem]], Prussian Minister of War (born [[1853 in Germany|1853]])
* [[10 June]] - [[Victor Villiger]], Swiss-German chemist (born [[1868]])
* 30 June (assassinations associated with The Night of the Long Knives):
* [[19 June]] – [[Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872-1934)|Prince Bernhard of Lippe]] (born [[1872]])
* [[30 June]] (assassinations associated with The Night of the Long Knives):
** [[Gregor Strasser]], German [[German Imperial Army|Imperial]] soldier and early Nazi (born [[1892 in Germany|1892]])
** [[Gregor Strasser]], German [[German Imperial Army|Imperial]] soldier and early Nazi (born [[1892 in Germany|1892]])
** [[Kurt von Schleicher]], German Imperial general, politician and former [[Chancellor of Germany]] (born [[1882 in Germany|1882]])
** [[Kurt von Schleicher]], German Imperial general, politician and former [[Chancellor of Germany]] (born [[1882 in Germany|1882]])
Line 70: Line 93:
** [[Karl Ernst]], Nazi paramilitary (born [[1904 in Germany|1904]])
** [[Karl Ernst]], Nazi paramilitary (born [[1904 in Germany|1904]])
* July - [[Karl-Günther Heimsoth]], German physician and polygraph (born [[1899 in Germany|1899]])
* July - [[Karl-Günther Heimsoth]], German physician and polygraph (born [[1899 in Germany|1899]])
* 1 July - [[Edgar Julius Jung]]
* [[1 July]]
* 2 July - [[Ernst Röhm]], German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born [[1887 in Germany|1887]])
** [[Edgar Julius Jung]], German lawyer and political activist (born [[1894 in Germany|1894]])
** [[Ernst Röhm]], German Imperial Army officer and Nazi paramilitary (born [[1887 in Germany|1887]])<ref>{{cite book | last=Kershaw |first=Ian |year=2008 |title=Hitler: A Biography |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-06757-6 | page=312}}</ref>
* 10 July - [[Erich Mühsam]], German poet and playwright (born [[1878 in Germany|1878]])
* 2 August [[Paul von Hindenburg]], German general and politician (born [[1847 in Germany|1847]])
* [[10 July]] - [[Erich Mühsam]], German poet and playwright (born [[1878 in Germany|1878]])
* 15 October - [[Samuel von Fischer]], German publisher (born [[1859 in Germany|1859]])
* [[13 July]] - [[Fritz Graebner]], German ethnologist (born [[1877 in Germany|1877]])
* 20 October — [[Hans Böhning]], World War I German flying ace (born [[1893 in Germany|1893]])
* [[2 August]] — [[Paul von Hindenburg]], German general and politician (born [[1847 in Germany|1847]])
* 12 November - [[Walther Bensemann]], German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, Kicker.(born [[1873 in Germany|1873]])
* [[15 October]] - [[Samuel von Fischer]], German publisher (born [[1859 in Germany|1859]])
* 16 November - [[Carl von Linde]], German engineer and scientist (born [[1842]])
* [[19 October]] [[Alexander von Kluck]], German general (born [[1846 in Germany|1846]])
* 17 November - [[Joachim Ringelnatz]], German writer (born [[1883 in Germany|1883]])
* [[20 October]] [[Hans Böhning]], World War I German flying ace (born [[1893 in Germany|1893]])
* [[12 November]] - [[Walther Bensemann]], German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, [[Kicker (sports magazine)|Kicker]] (born [[1873 in Germany|1873]])
* [[16 November]] - [[Carl von Linde]], German engineer and scientist (born [[1842]])
* [[17 November]] - [[Joachim Ringelnatz]], German writer (born [[1883 in Germany|1883]])
* [[5 December]] [[Oskar von Hutier]], German general (born [[1857 in Germany|1857]])


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 23:19, 15 September 2024

1934
in
Germany

Decades:
See also:Other events of 1934
History of Germany  • Timeline  • Years

Events in the year 1934 in Germany.

Incumbents

National level

Head of State

Events

Births

Deaths

References

  1. ^ Proctor, Robert (1988). Racial hygiene: medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. p. 108. ISBN 9780674745780.
  2. ^ "Night of the Long Knives - Summary & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
  3. ^ "Timeline of Events 1933-1938". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Washington, DC.
  4. ^ "Document number 2374 through PS-3311-PS" (Document). U.S. Government Printing Office. 1946. p. 811.
  5. ^ Raden, Franki (20 January 2001). "Soegijo, Paul Gutama". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
  6. ^ "Prof. Dr. h.c. mult. Jutta Limbach feiert ihren 80. Geburtstag". Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, Karlsruhe. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  7. ^ Remembering Gerhard Lohfink, who wrote the best book on Jesus I’ve ever read
  8. ^ Boar, Roger (1991). Crooks, crime and corruption. New York: Dorset Press. p. 371. ISBN 9780880296151.
  9. ^ Eva-Maria Hagen, the 'Bardot of the East,' dies at 87
  10. ^ Volkslieder für Millionen: Kammersänger Günter Wewel ist tot (in German)
  11. ^ Beeche, Arturo (October 2012). "Obituary: Prince Albert of Saxony". Eurohistory. 15.5 (89): 17, 39.
  12. ^ Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (2004) The Führer Bunker: Hitler's Last Refuge. Berlin: Story Verlag. p.38
  13. ^ Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.