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{{Short description|North Cape York Paman languages group}}
{{Infobox Language family
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
| name = Wik
{{Infobox language family
| states = [[Australia]]
|name = Wik
| region = [[Cape York Peninsula]], [[Queensland]]
|altname = Middle Paman
| familycolor = Australian
|region = [[Cape York Peninsula]], [[Queensland]]
| fam1 = [[Pama-Nyungan languages|Pama-Nyungan]]
| fam2 = [[Paman languages|Paman]]
|ethnicity = [[Wik peoples]]
|familycolor = Australian
| fam3 = [[Northern Paman languages|Northern]]
|fam1 = [[Pama–Nyungan languages|Pama–Nyungan]]
| child1 = Wik-Ngathan
| child2 = Wik-Me'nh
|fam2 = [[Paman languages|Paman]]
|fam3 = [[North Cape York Paman languages|North Cape York]]
| child3 = Wik-Mungknh
| child4 = Kugu-Muminh
|child1 = Wik-Ngathan
| child5 = [[Ayabadhu language]]
|child2 = Wik-Me'nh
|child3 = Wik-Mungkan
| child6 = [[Pakanha language|Bakanha language]]
|child4 = Kugu-Muminh
|child5 = Ayabadhu
|child6 = Pakanha
|glotto = wika1239
|glottoname = Wik proper
|glottorefname=Wik
|glotto2 = paka1251
|glottoname2 = Pakanha
|glotto3 = wikn1246
|glottoname3 = Kugu-Muminh
|glottorefname3=Wikngenchera
|map = Wik languages.png
|mapcaption = Wik languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan)
}}
}}


The '''Wik languages''' are a subdivision of the [[Paman languages]] consisting of sixteen [[language]]s, all spoken on the [[Cape York Peninsula]] of [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. This grouping was first proposed by [[R. M. W. Dixon]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Dixon | first = R. M. W. | authorlink = R. M. W. Dixon | year = 2002 | title = Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development}}</ref> The [[Ethnologue]] classification is slightly different and some of the languages have other names.<ref>[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=45-16 Ethnologue report on Middle Paman languages]</ref>
The '''Wik languages''' are a subdivision of the [[Paman languages]] consisting of sixteen [[language]]s, all spoken on the [[Cape York Peninsula]] of [[Queensland]], [[Australia]]. This grouping was first proposed by [[R. M. W. Dixon]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Dixon | first = R. M. W. | author-link = R. M. W. Dixon | year = 2002 | title = Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development}}</ref>


Each of the Kugu-Muminh dialects may have the [[prefix]] ''Wik-'' instead of ''Kugu-''. [[Wik Paach language|Wik Paach]] is not a Wik language despite its name.
The sixteen languages can be seen below:

* '''Wik-Ngathan'''
The languages are as follows; often various dialects are considered separate languages:
** [[Wik-Ngathan language]]

** [[Wik-Ngatharr language]]
{{tree list}}
* '''Wik-Me'nh'''
** [[Wik-Me'nh language]]
* '''Wik'''
** [[Wik-Ep language]]
** [[Wik-Ngathan language|Wik-Ngathan]] (incl. [[Wik-Ngatharr language|Wik-Ngatharr]] dialect)
** [[Wik-Me'nh language|Wik-Me'nh]]
* '''Wik-Mungknh'''
** [[Wik-Mungknh language]]
** [[Wik-Mungkan language|Wik-Mungkan]]
** [[Wik-Iiyanh language]]
** [[Wik-Ompoma language|Wik-Ompoma]] (Ambama) {{extinct}}
** [[Kugu Nganhcara language|Kugu Nganhcara]] (incl. [[Gugu Uwanh dialect]]) {{extinct}}
* '''Kugu-Muminh'''
** [[Kugu-Muminh language]]
** [[Ayabadhu language|Ayabadhu]] {{extinct}}
** [[Kugu-Nganhcara language]]
** [[Pakanha language|Pakanha]] {{extinct}}
{{tree list/end}}
** [[Kugu-Mu'inh language]]

** [[Kugu-Uwanh language]]
The [[Flinders Island language]] and [[Barrow Point language]] were apparently Wik.
** [[Kugu-Ugbanh language]]
** [[Kugu-Yi'anh language]]
** [[Kugu-Mangk language]]
** [[Kugu-Iyanh language]]
* [[Ayabadhu language]]
* [[Pakanha language|Bakanha language]]
Note that each of the Kugu-Muminh languages may have the [[prefix]] ''Wik-'' instead of ''Kugu-''.


== See also ==
== See also ==
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{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Pama–Nyungan languages|Paman}}
[[Category:Northern Paman languages]]

[[Category:Australian Aboriginal languages]]
[[Category:Wik languages| ]]
[[Category:North Cape York Paman languages]]



{{ia-lang-stub}}
{{ia-lang-stub}}

Latest revision as of 10:26, 16 September 2024

Wik
Middle Paman
Geographic
distribution
Cape York Peninsula, Queensland
EthnicityWik peoples
Linguistic classificationPama–Nyungan
Subdivisions
  • Wik-Ngathan
  • Wik-Me'nh
  • Wik-Mungkan
  • Kugu-Muminh
  • Ayabadhu
  • Pakanha
Language codes
Glottologwika1239  (Wik proper)
paka1251  (Pakanha)
wikn1246  (Kugu-Muminh)
Wik languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan)

The Wik languages are a subdivision of the Paman languages consisting of sixteen languages, all spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. This grouping was first proposed by R. M. W. Dixon.[1]

Each of the Kugu-Muminh dialects may have the prefix Wik- instead of Kugu-. Wik Paach is not a Wik language despite its name.

The languages are as follows; often various dialects are considered separate languages:

The Flinders Island language and Barrow Point language were apparently Wik.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development.