Baca Formation: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|A geologic formation in New Mexico and Arizona}} |
{{Short description|A geologic formation in New Mexico and Arizona}} |
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{{Infobox rockunit |
{{Infobox rockunit |
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| name = Baca Formation |
| name = Baca Formation |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The formation consists of coarse [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]], red and white [[sandstone]], and red clay. Its total thickness is {{convert|694|feet|meters}}, of which {{convert|80-140|feet|meters}} is conglomerate.{{sfn|Wilpolt|MacAlpin|Bates|Vorbe|1946}} The formation rests unconformably on the [[Mesaverde Group]] and is overlain by the [[Oligocene]] [[Spears Formation]].{{sfn|Lucas|Schoch|Manning|Tsentas|1981}} |
The formation consists of coarse [[Conglomerate (geology)|conglomerate]], red and white [[sandstone]], and red [[clay]]. Its total thickness is {{convert|694|feet|meters|sp=us}}, of which {{convert|80-140|feet|meters|sp=us}} is conglomerate.{{sfn|Wilpolt|MacAlpin|Bates|Vorbe|1946}} The formation rests [[Unconformity (geology)|unconformably]] on the [[Cretaceous]] [[Mesaverde Group]] and is overlain by the [[Oligocene]] [[Spears Formation]].{{sfn|Lucas|Schoch|Manning|Tsentas|1981}} |
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The formation was deposited in a basin that developed in Eocene time in eastern Arizona and west-central New Mexico. The basin was mostly a system of [[braided streams]] subject to frequent [[flash floods]], with [[meandering streams]] restricted to the easternmost part of the basin. [[Paleocurrent]] directions showed that stream flow was generally to the east-northeast. Shallow floodplain lakes and a large, shallow closed lake in the eastern part of the basin were also present, though [[lacustrine]] beds are nearly absent due to extensive [[river delta]] formation.{{sfn|Cather|Johnson|1984}} Deposition ended with the eruption of the [[Mogollon-Datil volcanic field]], which disrupted the Baca drainage and buried the basin in [[volcaniclastic]] rock.{{sfn|Love|1989}} |
The formation was deposited in a [[Sedimentary basin|basin]] that developed in Eocene time in eastern Arizona and west-central New Mexico. The basin was mostly a system of [[braided streams]] subject to frequent [[flash floods]], with [[meandering streams]] restricted to the easternmost part of the basin. [[Paleocurrent]] directions showed that stream flow was generally to the east-northeast. Shallow [[floodplain]] lakes and a large, shallow [[closed lake]] in the eastern part of the basin were also present, though [[lacustrine]] beds are nearly absent due to extensive [[river delta]] formation.{{sfn|Cather|Johnson|1984}} Deposition ended with the eruption of the [[Mogollon-Datil volcanic field]], which disrupted the Baca [[River drainage|drainage]] and buried the basin in [[volcaniclastic]] rock.{{sfn|Love|1989}} |
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==Fossils== |
==Fossils== |
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The formation is relatively poor in vertebrate fossils, and only six of biostratigraphic significance have been found. These are the [[titanothere]]s ''Paleosyops'' and ''Manteoceras'', an [[artiodactyl]] [[fossil trackway]] and ''Protoreodon'' fossil, and a small mammalian fauna at Mariano Mesa. The titanotheres are characteristic of the [[Bridgerian]] [[Age (geology)|age]] while the trackways indicate a late Eocene age or younger.{{sfn|Lucas|Schoch|Manning|Tsentas|1981}} |
The formation is relatively poor in [[vertebrate]] fossils, and only six of [[biostratigraphic]] significance have been found. These are the [[titanothere]]s ''[[Paleosyops]]'' and ''[[Manteoceras]]'', an [[artiodactyl]] [[fossil trackway]] and ''[[Protoreodon]]'' fossil, and a small [[mammalian]] [[fauna]] at Mariano Mesa. The titanotheres are characteristic of the [[Bridgerian]] [[Age (geology)|age]] while the trackways indicate a late Eocene age or younger.{{sfn|Lucas|Schoch|Manning|Tsentas|1981}} |
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==History of investigation== |
==History of investigation== |
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The formation was first described by R.H. Wilpolt and his coinvestigators in 1946 and named for exposures in Baca Canyon in the [[ |
The formation was first described by R.H. Wilpolt and his coinvestigators in 1946 and named for exposures in Baca Canyon in the [[Bear Mountains (New Mexico)|Bear Mountains]].{{sfn|Wilpolt|MacAlpin|Bates|Vorbe|1946}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Cather |first1=S.M. |last2=Johnson |first2=B.D. |title=Eocene tectonics and depositional setting of west-central New Mexico and eastern Arizona |journal=New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Circular |date=1984 |volume=192 |url=https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/monographs/circulars/192/ |access-date=24 June 2021}} |
* {{cite journal |last1=Cather |first1=S.M. |last2=Johnson |first2=B.D. |title=Eocene tectonics and depositional setting of west-central New Mexico and eastern Arizona |journal=New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Circular |date=1984 |volume=192 |url=https://geoinfo.nmt.edu/publications/monographs/circulars/192/ |access-date=24 June 2021}} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Love |first1=D.W. |year=1989 |title=Bidahochi Formation; an interpretive summary |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Guidebook |volume=40 |pages=273–280 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/40/40_p0273_p0280.pdf |accessdate=8 October 2020}} |
* {{cite journal |last1=Love |first1=D.W. |year=1989 |title=Bidahochi Formation; an interpretive summary |journal=New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Guidebook |volume=40 |pages=273–280 |url=https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/40/40_p0273_p0280.pdf |accessdate=8 October 2020}} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Lucas |first1=Spencer G. |last2=Schoch |first2=Robert M. |last3=Manning |first3=Earl |last4=Tsentas |first4=Costgas |title=The Eocene biostratigraphy of New Mexico |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |date=1981 |volume=92 |issue=12 |pages=951 |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<951:TEBONM>2.0.CO;2}} |
* {{cite journal |last1=Lucas |first1=Spencer G. |last2=Schoch |first2=Robert M. |last3=Manning |first3=Earl |last4=Tsentas |first4=Costgas |title=The Eocene biostratigraphy of New Mexico |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |date=1981 |volume=92 |issue=12 |pages=951 |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<951:TEBONM>2.0.CO;2|bibcode=1981GSAB...92..951L }} |
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* {{cite journal |last1=Wilpolt |first1=R.H. |last2=MacAlpin |first2=A.J. |last3=Bates |first3=R.L. |last4=Vorbe |first4=George |year=1946 |title=Geologic map and stratigraphic sections of Paleozoic rocks of Joyita Hills, Los Pinos Mountains, and northern Chupadera Mesa, Valencia, Torrance, and Socorro Counties, New Mexico |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Preliminary Map |volume=OM-61 |url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5422.htm |accessdate=31 July 2020}} |
* {{cite journal |last1=Wilpolt |first1=R.H. |last2=MacAlpin |first2=A.J. |last3=Bates |first3=R.L. |last4=Vorbe |first4=George |year=1946 |title=Geologic map and stratigraphic sections of Paleozoic rocks of Joyita Hills, Los Pinos Mountains, and northern Chupadera Mesa, Valencia, Torrance, and Socorro Counties, New Mexico |journal=U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Preliminary Map |volume=OM-61 |url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5422.htm |accessdate=31 July 2020}} |
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Latest revision as of 03:32, 17 September 2024
| Baca Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: | |
 Red beds of the Baca Formation in the Sawtooth Mountains of New Mexico | |
| Type | Formation |
| Underlies | Spears Formation |
| Overlies | Mesaverde Group |
| Thickness | 694 feet (212 m) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Conglomerate |
| Other | Sandstone, claystone |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 34°19′55″N 107°16′19″W / 34.332°N 107.272°W |
| Region | New Mexico |
| Country | United States |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Baca Canyon |
| Named by | R.H. Wilpolt et al. |
| Year defined | 1946 |
  Baca Formation (the United States)  Baca Formation (New Mexico) | |
The Baca Formation is a geologic formation in southern New Mexico and Arizona.[1] It preserves fossils dating back to the Eocene period.[2]
Description
[edit]The formation consists of coarse conglomerate, red and white sandstone, and red clay. Its total thickness is 694 feet (212 m), of which 80–140 feet (24–43 m) is conglomerate.[1] The formation rests unconformably on the Cretaceous Mesaverde Group and is overlain by the Oligocene Spears Formation.[2]
The formation was deposited in a basin that developed in Eocene time in eastern Arizona and west-central New Mexico. The basin was mostly a system of braided streams subject to frequent flash floods, with meandering streams restricted to the easternmost part of the basin. Paleocurrent directions showed that stream flow was generally to the east-northeast. Shallow floodplain lakes and a large, shallow closed lake in the eastern part of the basin were also present, though lacustrine beds are nearly absent due to extensive river delta formation.[3] Deposition ended with the eruption of the Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, which disrupted the Baca drainage and buried the basin in volcaniclastic rock.[4]
Fossils
[edit]The formation is relatively poor in vertebrate fossils, and only six of biostratigraphic significance have been found. These are the titanotheres Paleosyops and Manteoceras, an artiodactyl fossil trackway and Protoreodon fossil, and a small mammalian fauna at Mariano Mesa. The titanotheres are characteristic of the Bridgerian age while the trackways indicate a late Eocene age or younger.[2]
History of investigation
[edit]The formation was first described by R.H. Wilpolt and his coinvestigators in 1946 and named for exposures in Baca Canyon in the Bear Mountains.[1]
See also
[edit]
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ a b c Wilpolt et al. 1946.
- ^ a b c Lucas et al. 1981.
- ^ Cather & Johnson 1984.
- ^ Love 1989.
References
[edit]- Cather, S.M.; Johnson, B.D. (1984). "Eocene tectonics and depositional setting of west-central New Mexico and eastern Arizona". New Mexico Bureau of Mines & Mineral Resources Circular. 192. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
- Love, D.W. (1989). "Bidahochi Formation; an interpretive summary" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Guidebook. 40: 273–280. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
- Lucas, Spencer G.; Schoch, Robert M.; Manning, Earl; Tsentas, Costgas (1981). "The Eocene biostratigraphy of New Mexico". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 92 (12): 951. Bibcode:1981GSAB...92..951L. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<951:TEBONM>2.0.CO;2.
- Wilpolt, R.H.; MacAlpin, A.J.; Bates, R.L.; Vorbe, George (1946). "Geologic map and stratigraphic sections of Paleozoic rocks of Joyita Hills, Los Pinos Mountains, and northern Chupadera Mesa, Valencia, Torrance, and Socorro Counties, New Mexico". U.S. Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations Preliminary Map. OM-61. Retrieved July 31, 2020.