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{{Short description|Subspecies of bird}} |
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{{Subspeciesbox |
{{Subspeciesbox |
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| name = South philippine-dwarf kingfisher |
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| image = South Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher.jpg |
| image = South Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher.jpg |
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| status = VU |
| status = VU |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International. |year=2016 |title=''Ceyx mindanensis'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T61655468A95174804 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61655468A95174804.en |access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref> |
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| status_ref = https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/61655468/95174804 |
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| genus = Ceyx |
| genus = Ceyx |
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| species_link = South Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher |
| species_link = South Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher |
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The '''South philippine dwarf kingfisher''' ('''''Ceyx melanurus mindanensis''''') is a subspecies of [[bird]] in the family [[Alcedinidae]] that is endemic to the [[Philippines]] found in the islands of [[Mindanao]] and [[Basilan]]. Its natural [[habitat]] is tropical moist lowland [[Forest|forests]]. It is threatened by [[Habitat destruction|habitat loss]]. |
The '''South philippine dwarf kingfisher''' ('''''Ceyx melanurus mindanensis''''') is a subspecies of [[bird]] in the family [[Alcedinidae]] that is endemic to the [[Philippines]] found in the islands of [[Mindanao]] and [[Basilan]]. Its natural [[habitat]] is tropical moist lowland [[Forest|forests]]. It is threatened by [[Habitat destruction|habitat loss]]. It is treated as a separate species by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]. |
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== Taxonomy and description == |
== Taxonomy and description == |
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The Philippine dwarf kingfisher is a small mostly orange kingfisher with a red beak and legs, and a white belly. It has a light lilac hue which is more intense in the southern subspecies and has |
The Philippine dwarf kingfisher is a small mostly orange kingfisher with a red beak and legs, and a white belly. It has a light lilac hue which is more intense in the southern subspecies and has more plain orange wings compared to the dark blue of the other two subspecies of this bird<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher |url=https://ebird.org/species/phikin1 |website=Ebird}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Desmond |title=Birds of the Philippines |publisher=Lynx and Birdlife Guides International |year=2020 |location=Barcelona |pages=206–207}}</ref> |
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The Philippine kingfisher was [[Species description|formally described]] by the German naturalist [[Johann Jakob Kaup]] in 1848 under the [[binomial name]] ''Alcedo melanura''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kaup |first=Johann Jakob |author-link=Johann Jakob Kaup |year=1848 |title=Die Familie der Eisvögel (Alcedidae) |journal=Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung |language=German |volume=2 |pages=61–81 [74] |oclc=183221382}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480196 |title=Check-List of Birds of the World |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1945 |editor-last=Peters |editor-first=James Lee |editor-link=James L. Peters |volume=5 |place=Cambridge, Massachusetts |page=185}}</ref> The [[specific epithet]] is from the [[Ancient Greek]] ''melanouros'' meaning "with a black tail".<ref>{{cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |url=https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997 |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names |publisher=Christopher Helm |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997/page/n248 248] |url-access=limited}}</ref> The Philippine dwarf kingfisher is now placed in the genus ''[[Ceyx (bird)|Ceyx]]'' that was introduced by the French naturalist [[Bernard Germain de Lacépède]] in 1799.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lacépède |first=Bernard Germain de |author-link=Bernard Germain de Lacépède |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA84 |title=Discours d'ouverture du Cours d'histoire naturelle des animaux vertébrés et a sang rouge: Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des oiseaux |publisher=Plassan |year=1799 |place=Paris |page=10}}</ref><ref name="ioc">{{cite web |year=2020 |editor1-last=Gill |editor1-first=Frank |editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/rollers/ |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> |
The Philippine kingfisher was [[Species description|formally described]] by the German naturalist [[Johann Jakob Kaup]] in 1848 under the [[binomial name]] ''Alcedo melanura''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Kaup |first=Johann Jakob |author-link=Johann Jakob Kaup |year=1848 |title=Die Familie der Eisvögel (Alcedidae) |journal=Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung |language=German |volume=2 |pages=61–81 [74] |oclc=183221382}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480196 |title=Check-List of Birds of the World |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=1945 |editor-last=Peters |editor-first=James Lee |editor-link=James L. Peters |volume=5 |place=Cambridge, Massachusetts |page=185}}</ref> The [[specific epithet]] is from the [[Ancient Greek]] ''melanouros'' meaning "with a black tail".<ref>{{cite book |last=Jobling |first=James A. |url=https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997 |title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names |publisher=Christopher Helm |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/helmdictionarysc00jobl_997/page/n248 248] |url-access=limited}}</ref> The Philippine dwarf kingfisher is now placed in the genus ''[[Ceyx (bird)|Ceyx]]'' that was introduced by the French naturalist [[Bernard Germain de Lacépède]] in 1799.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lacépède |first=Bernard Germain de |author-link=Bernard Germain de Lacépède |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6uhAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA84 |title=Discours d'ouverture du Cours d'histoire naturelle des animaux vertébrés et a sang rouge: Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des oiseaux |publisher=Plassan |year=1799 |place=Paris |page=10}}</ref><ref name="ioc">{{cite web |year=2020 |editor1-last=Gill |editor1-first=Frank |editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers |url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/rollers/ |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> |
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== Habitat and conservation status == |
== Habitat and conservation status == |
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It is found in lowland [[Primary forest|primary]] and [[secondary forest]] up to 750 |
It is found in lowland [[Primary forest|primary]] and [[secondary forest]] up to {{convert|750|m|ft}} above sea level. It prefers areas with high rainfall. |
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As the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] recognizes it as its own species it has been assessed as a [[vulnerable species]]. The Southern subspecies has a lower estimated population of 2,500 to 9,999 mature individuals. This species' main threat is [[habitat loss]] with wholesale clearance of forest habitats as a result of logging, agricultural conversion and mining activities occurring within the range. |
As the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] recognizes it as its own species it has been assessed as a [[vulnerable species]]. The Southern subspecies has a lower estimated population of 2,500 to 9,999 mature individuals. This species' main threat is [[habitat loss]] with wholesale clearance of forest habitats as a result of logging, agricultural conversion and mining activities occurring within the range.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-01 |title=Ceyx mindanensis: BirdLife International |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t61655468a95174804.en |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species |doi=10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t61655468a95174804.en}}</ref> |
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There are currently no targeted conservation plans for the species. It occurs in a few protected areas throughout its range like the [[Pasonanca Natural Park]] and [[Mount Kitanglad|Mount Kitanglad National Park]] but protection and enforcement from loggers and hunters is still lax.<ref |
There are currently no targeted conservation plans for the species. It occurs in a few protected areas throughout its range like the [[Pasonanca Natural Park]] and [[Mount Kitanglad|Mount Kitanglad National Park]] but protection and enforcement from loggers and hunters is still lax.<ref name="iucn"/><ref name=":1" /> |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q27613649}} |
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[[Category:Ceyx (bird)]] |
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[[Category:Endemic birds of the Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Birds described in 1890]] |
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[[Category:Taxa named by Joseph Beal Steere]] |
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Latest revision as of 06:19, 17 September 2024
| South philippine dwarf kingfisher | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Coraciiformes |
| Family: | Alcedinidae |
| Subfamily: | Alcedininae |
| Genus: | Ceyx |
| Species: | |
| Subspecies: | C. m. mindanensis
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| Trinomial name | |
| Ceyx melanurus mindanensis Steere, 1890
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The South philippine dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx melanurus mindanensis) is a subspecies of bird in the family Alcedinidae that is endemic to the Philippines found in the islands of Mindanao and Basilan. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is treated as a separate species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
Taxonomy and description
[edit]The Philippine dwarf kingfisher is a small mostly orange kingfisher with a red beak and legs, and a white belly. It has a light lilac hue which is more intense in the southern subspecies and has more plain orange wings compared to the dark blue of the other two subspecies of this bird[2][3]
The Philippine kingfisher was formally described by the German naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup in 1848 under the binomial name Alcedo melanura.[4][5] The specific epithet is from the Ancient Greek melanouros meaning "with a black tail".[6] The Philippine dwarf kingfisher is now placed in the genus Ceyx that was introduced by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799.[7][8]
The subspecies C. m. mindanensis is sometimes treated as a separate species, the south Philippine dwarf kingfisher (Ceyx mindanensis), with the nominate and samarensis classified by the Handbook of the Birds of the World as the north Philippine dwarf kingfisher.[9] The two proposed species are differentiated by color and size: north Philippine dwarf kingfishers have dark blue spotted wings and ears and are slightly smaller than south Philippine dwarf kingfishers, which have a more noticeable lilac hue and are overall more uniform orange.
In March 2020 a fledgling of the C. m. mindanensis subspecies was photographed for the first time by the Robert S. Kennedy Conservation Society led by Miguel David De Leon in Cagayan de Oro.[10]
Habitat and conservation status
[edit]It is found in lowland primary and secondary forest up to 750 metres (2,460 ft) above sea level. It prefers areas with high rainfall.
As the International Union for Conservation of Nature recognizes it as its own species it has been assessed as a vulnerable species. The Southern subspecies has a lower estimated population of 2,500 to 9,999 mature individuals. This species' main threat is habitat loss with wholesale clearance of forest habitats as a result of logging, agricultural conversion and mining activities occurring within the range.[11]
There are currently no targeted conservation plans for the species. It occurs in a few protected areas throughout its range like the Pasonanca Natural Park and Mount Kitanglad National Park but protection and enforcement from loggers and hunters is still lax.[1][3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b BirdLife International. (2016). "Ceyx mindanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T61655468A95174804. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61655468A95174804.en. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
- ^ "Philippine Dwarf Kingfisher". Ebird.
- ^ a b Allen, Desmond (2020). Birds of the Philippines. Barcelona: Lynx and Birdlife Guides International. pp. 206–207.
- ^ Kaup, Johann Jakob (1848). "Die Familie der Eisvögel (Alcedidae)". Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereins für das Großherzogthum Hessen und Umgebung (in German). 2: 61–81 [74]. OCLC 183221382.
- ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1945). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 185.
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 248. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Lacépède, Bernard Germain de (1799). Discours d'ouverture du Cours d'histoire naturelle des animaux vertébrés et a sang rouge: Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des oiseaux. Paris: Plassan. p. 10.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (2020). "Rollers, ground rollers & kingfishers". IOC World Bird List Version 10.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ^ del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N.; Kirwan, G.M. (2020). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "South Philippine Dwarf-kingfisher (Ceyx mindanensis)". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
- ^ ago, Mario Alvaro Limos | 2 days. "Ultra-Rare Dwarf Kingfisher Fledgling Photographed for the Very First Time". Esquiremag.ph. Retrieved 2020-03-16.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Ceyx mindanensis: BirdLife International". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t61655468a95174804.en. Retrieved 2024-09-17.