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|<ref name="schatzman">{{citation | first=Évry | last=Schatzman | year=1958 | page=2 | author-link=Évry Schatzman | title=White Dwarfs | publisher=North Holland Publishing Company | postscript=. }}</ref>
|<ref name="schatzman">{{citation | first=Évry | last=Schatzman | year=1958 | page=2 | author-link=Évry Schatzman | title=White Dwarfs | publisher=North Holland Publishing Company | postscript=. }}</ref>
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| First white dwarf in a planetary system
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| First white dwarf with a planet
| First white dwarf with a planet
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| This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the [[PSR B1620-26|PSR B1620-26 system]]
| This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the [[PSR B1620-26|PSR B1620-26 system]]
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| <ref name=2003Sci...301..193S>{{cite journal |title= A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation |author1=Steinn Sigurdsson |author2=Harvey B. Richer |author3=Brad M. Hansen |author4=Ingrid H. Stairs |author5=Stephen E. Thorsett |date= July 2003 |bibcode= 2003Sci...301..193S |doi= 10.1126/science.1086326 |arxiv= astro-ph/0307339 |journal= Science |volume= 301 |issue= 5630 |pages= 193–196 |pmid=12855802}}</ref><ref name=ProAstronomy-2010-08-20>{{cite web |url= http://blog.professorastronomy.com/2010/08/looking-for-planets-around-white-dwarfs.html |title= Looking for planets around white dwarfs |date= 20 August 2010 |publisher= Professor Astronomy }}</ref>
| <ref name=2003Sci...301..193S>{{cite journal |title= A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation |author1=Steinn Sigurdsson |author2=Harvey B. Richer |author3=Brad M. Hansen |author4=Ingrid H. Stairs |author5=Stephen E. Thorsett |date= July 2003 |bibcode= 2003Sci...301..193S |doi= 10.1126/science.1086326 |arxiv= astro-ph/0307339 |journal= Science |volume= 301 |issue= 5630 |pages= 193–196 |pmid=12855802|s2cid=39446560 }}</ref><ref name=ProAstronomy-2010-08-20>{{cite web |url= http://blog.professorastronomy.com/2010/08/looking-for-planets-around-white-dwarfs.html |title= Looking for planets around white dwarfs |date= 20 August 2010 |publisher= Professor Astronomy }}</ref>


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| 1852
| 1852
| {{convert|8.6|ly|pc|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| {{convert|8.6|ly|pc|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| Sirius B is also the first white dwarf discovered. <!-- nearest as of 2005 -->
| Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. <!-- nearest as of 2005 -->
| {{see also|#Nearest}}
| {{see also|#Nearest}}
| <ref name=AotU-12.5ly/><ref name=BBC-2005-12-14>BBC News, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4528586.stm "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf"], '''Christine McGourty''', ''14 December 2005'' (accessed 2010-11-01)</ref>
| <ref name=AotU-12.5ly/><ref name=BBC-2005-12-14>BBC News, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4528586.stm "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf"], '''Christine McGourty''', ''14 December 2005'' (accessed 2010-11-01)</ref>
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| [[SN UDS10Wil|SN&nbsp;UDS10Wil&nbsp;progenitor]]
| [[SN UDS10Wil|SN&nbsp;UDS10Wil&nbsp;progenitor]]
| 2013
| 2013
| 10,000,000,000[[Light year|Ly]] [[redshift|z]]=1.914
| 10,000,000,000 [[Light-year|ly]] [[redshift|z]]=1.914
| [[SN Wilson]] is a type-Ia [[supernova]] whose progenitor was a white dwarf
| [[SN Wilson]] is a type-Ia [[supernova]] whose progenitor was a white dwarf
|
|
| <ref name=Discovery.com-2013-04-05>{{cite news |url= http://news.discovery.com/space/galaxies/hubble-spots-the-most-distant-supernova-ever-130405.htm |title= Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever |date= 5 April 2013 |author= Jason Major |publisher= Discovery Channel }}</ref><ref name=CANDELS-2013-04-23>{{cite web |url= http://candels-collaboration.blogspot.ca/2013/04/candels-finds-most-distant-type-ia.html |title= CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed |date= 23 April 2013 |publisher= Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) }}</ref><ref name=2013ApJ...768..166J>{{Cite journal |title= The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914 |author1=David O. Jones |author2=Steven A. Rodney |author3=Adam G. Riess |author4=Bahram Mobasher |author5=Tomas Dahlen |author6=Curtis McCully |author7=Teddy F. Frederiksen |author8=Stefano Casertano |author9=Jens Hjorth |author10=Charles R. Keeton |author11=Anton Koekemoer |author12=Louis-Gregory Strolger |author13=Tommy G. Wiklind |author14=Peter Challis |author15=Or Graur |author16=Brian Hayden |author17=Brandon Patel |author18=Benjamin J. Weiner |author19=Alexei V. Filippenko |author20=Peter Garnavich |author21=Saurabh W. Jha |author22=Robert P. Kirshner |author23=Henry C. Ferguson |author24=Norman A. Grogin |author25=Dale Kocevski |arxiv= 1304.0768 |bibcode= 2013ApJ...768..166J |doi= 10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166 |journal= The Astrophysical Journal |volume= 768 |issue= 2 |id= 166 |publication-date= May 2013 |date= 2 April 2013 |pages=166}}</ref>
| <ref name=Discovery.com-2013-04-05>{{cite news |url= http://news.discovery.com/space/galaxies/hubble-spots-the-most-distant-supernova-ever-130405.htm |title= Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever |date= 5 April 2013 |author= Jason Major |publisher= Discovery Channel }}</ref><ref name=CANDELS-2013-04-23>{{cite web |url= http://candels-collaboration.blogspot.ca/2013/04/candels-finds-most-distant-type-ia.html |title= CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed |date= 23 April 2013 |publisher= Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS) }}</ref><ref name=2013ApJ...768..166J>{{Cite journal |title= The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914 |author1=David O. Jones |author2=Steven A. Rodney |author3=Adam G. Riess |author4=Bahram Mobasher |author5=Tomas Dahlen |author6=Curtis McCully |author7=Teddy F. Frederiksen |author8=Stefano Casertano |author9=Jens Hjorth |author10=Charles R. Keeton |author11=Anton Koekemoer |author12=Louis-Gregory Strolger |author13=Tommy G. Wiklind |author14=Peter Challis |author15=Or Graur |author16=Brian Hayden |author17=Brandon Patel |author18=Benjamin J. Weiner |author19=Alexei V. Filippenko |author20=Peter Garnavich |author21=Saurabh W. Jha |author22=Robert P. Kirshner |author23=Henry C. Ferguson |author24=Norman A. Grogin |author25=Dale Kocevski |arxiv= 1304.0768 |bibcode= 2013ApJ...768..166J |doi= 10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166 |journal= The Astrophysical Journal |volume= 768 |issue= 2 |id= 166 |publication-date= May 2013 |date= 2 April 2013 |pages=166|s2cid=118890248 }}</ref>
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| Oldest
| Oldest
| [[WD 0343+247]]<br>SDSS J110217.48+411315.4
| [[WD 0346+246]]
| 2012
| 2021
| 11.5 billion years
| 12 Gy (tied)
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| <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Lacki |first1=Brian C. |last2=Brzycki |first2=Bryan |last3=Croft |first3=Steve |last4=Czech |first4=Daniel |last5=DeBoer |first5=David |last6=DeMarines |first6=Julia |last7=Gajjar |first7=Vishal |last8=Isaacson |first8=Howard |last9=Lebofsky |first9=Matt |last10=MacMahon |first10=David H. E. |last11=Price |first11=Danny C. |last12=Sheikh |first12=Sofia Z. |last13=Siemion |first13=Andrew P. V. |last14=Drew |first14=Jamie |last15=Worden |first15=S. Pete |date=2021-11-24 |title=One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=257 |issue=2 |pages=42 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a |doi-access=free |arxiv=2006.11304 |bibcode=2021ApJS..257...42L |issn=0067-0049}}</ref>
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| Youngest
| Youngest
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| SDSS J0003+0718
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| 2011
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| < 13 My
| provisional estimate
| provisional estimate
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| This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud
| This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud
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| <ref name=ScienceDaily-2015-11-24>{{cite news |url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151124122514.htm |title= The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy |date= 24 November 2015 |author= Universitaet Tübingen |publisher= Science Daily }}</ref><ref name=2015A&A...584A..19W>{{cite journal |title= Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo |author1=K. Werner |author2=T. Rauch |volume= 584 |publication-date= December 2015 |id= A19 |journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics |doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201527261 |bibcode= 2015A&A...584A..19W |arxiv= 1509.08942 |date= 29 September 2015 |pages=A19}}</ref>
| <ref name=ScienceDaily-2015-11-24>{{cite news |url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151124122514.htm |title= The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy |date= 24 November 2015 |author= Universitaet Tübingen |publisher= Science Daily }}</ref><ref name=2015A&A...584A..19W>{{cite journal |title= Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo |author1=K. Werner |author2=T. Rauch |volume= 584 |publication-date= December 2015 |id= A19 |journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics |doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201527261 |bibcode= 2015A&A...584A..19W |arxiv= 1509.08942 |date= 29 September 2015 |pages=A19|s2cid=118458007 }}</ref><ref name=":0" />
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| Lowest surface temperature
| Lowest surface temperature
| [[PSR J2222−0137|PSR J2222–0137]] B<br/>[[WD J2147–4035]]
| [[LSPM J1403+4533]]
| 2021<br/>2022
| 2010
| 3000K<br/>3050 K
| {{convert|2670|K|C F|lk=on}}
| in binary<br/>single
| Quite a large margin of error ({{convert|1500|K|C F|lk=off}})
|
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| <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kilic|first=Mukremin|last2=Leggett|first2=S. K.|last3=Tremblay|first3=P. -E.|last4=von Hippel|first4=Ted|last5=Bergeron|first5=P.|last6=Harris|first6=Hugh C.|last7=Munn|first7=Jeffrey A.|last8=Williams|first8=Kurtis A.|last9=Gates|first9=Evalyn|last10=Farihi|first10=J.|date=2010-09-01|title=A Detailed Model Atmosphere Analysis of Cool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJS..190...77K|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=190|pages=77–99|doi=10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/77|issn=0067-0049}}</ref>
| <ref name=":0" /><ref name="Elms2022">{{Cite journal |last1=Elms |first1=Abbigail K. |last2=Tremblay |first2=Pier-Emmanuel |last3=Gänsicke |first3=Boris T. |last4=Koester |first4=Detlev |last5=Hollands |first5=Mark A. |last6=Gentile Fusillo |first6=Nicola Pietro |last7=Cunningham |first7=Tim |last8=Apps |first8=Kevin |date=2022-12-01 |title=Spectral analysis of ultra-cool white dwarfs polluted by planetary debris |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=517 |issue=3 |pages=4557–4574 |arxiv=2206.05258 |bibcode=2022MNRAS.517.4557E |doi=10.1093/mnras/stac2908 |issn=0035-8711 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
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| Most luminous
| Most luminous
| [[Z Andromedae]] B
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| 1,500 - 9,800 L<sub>☉</sub>
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| <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sokoloski |first1=J. L. |last2=Kenyon |first2=S. J. |last3=Espey |first3=B. R. |last4=Keyes |first4=Charles D. |last5=McCandliss |first5=S. R. |last6=Kong |first6=A. K. H. |last7=Aufdenberg |first7=J. P. |last8=Filippenko |first8=A. V. |last9=Li |first9=W. |last10=Brocksopp |first10=C. |last11=Kaiser |first11=Christian R. |last12=Charles |first12=P. A. |last13=Rupen |first13=M. P. |last14=Stone |first14=R. P. S. |date=2006-01-10 |title=A "Combination Nova" Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=636 |issue=2 |pages=1002–1019 |doi=10.1086/498206 |arxiv=astro-ph/0509638 |bibcode=2006ApJ...636.1002S |s2cid=8941207 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>
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| Least luminous
| Least luminous
| [[PSR J2222-0137]] B
| [[ESO 439-26]]
| 2014
| too dim to observe
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| {{solar luminosity|{{val|1.15|e=-5}}}}
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| likely based on too high of a parallax
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| Brightest apparent
| Brightest apparent
| Sirius
| Sirius B
| 1852
| 1852
| 8.44 (V)
| 8.44 (V)
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| Dimmest apparent
| Dimmest apparent
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| PSR J2222-0137 B
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| 2014
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| too dim to observe
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| Most massive (contender)
| Most massive
| [[ZTF J1901+1458]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-30 |title=A White Dwarf Living on the Edge |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/a-white-dwarf-living-on-the-edge |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=California Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref>
| [[RE J0317-853]]
| 1998
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| 1.35 M<sub>☉</sub>
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| Most massive (contender)
| [[ZTF J1901+1458]]
| 2020
| 2020
| 1.35 M<sub>☉</sub>
| 1.35 M<sub>☉</sub>
|
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|<ref name=":1" />
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|-
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| Least massive
| Least massive
| [[SDSS J091709.55+463821.8]]
| [[NLTT 11748]]
| 2007
| 2007
| 0.17 M<sub>☉</sub>
| 0.13–0.16 M<sub>☉</sub>
|
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| <ref name=":0" />
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|-
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| Largest
| Largest
| [[Z Andromedae]] B
| [[Z Andromedae]] B
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| 0.17—0.16 {{Solar radius}}
| {{val|0.265|0.095|ul=R_solar}}
|
|
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| <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sokoloski |first1=J. L. |last2=Kenyon |first2=S. J. |last3=Espey |first3=B. R. |last4=Keyes |first4=Charles D. |last5=McCandliss |first5=S. R. |last6=Kong |first6=A. K. H. |last7=Aufdenberg |first7=J. P. |last8=Filippenko |first8=A. V. |last9=Li |first9=W. |last10=Brocksopp |first10=C. |last11=Kaiser |first11=Christian R. |last12=Charles |first12=P. A. |last13=Rupen |first13=M. P. |last14=Stone |first14=R. P. S. |date=2006-01-01 |title=A ''Combination Nova'' Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...636.1002S |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=636 |issue=2 |pages=1002–1019 |doi=10.1086/498206 |arxiv=astro-ph/0509638 |bibcode=2006ApJ...636.1002S |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>
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| Smallest
| Smallest
| [[ZTF J1901+1458]]
| [[HD 49798]]
| 2021
| 2021
| {{val|0.003|ul=R_solar}}
| {{val|0.0023|ul=R_solar}}
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| <ref>{{Cite web |title=New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/504/1/920/6219849 |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=academic.oup.com}}</ref>
|}
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==Other notable white dwarfs==
==Notes==
*SDSS J1228+1040, A white dwarf with disk of debris.
*[[SDSS J1228+1040]], a white dwarf with a disk of debris.
*[[ZTF J203349.8+322901.1]], a white dwarf with one side made up of hydrogen and the other of helium, nicknamed [[Janus]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Caiazzo |first1=Ilaria |last2=Burdge |first2=Kevin B. |last3=Tremblay |first3=Pier-Emmanuel |last4=Fuller |first4=James |last5=Ferrario |first5=Lilia |last6=Gänsicke |first6=Boris T. |last7=Hermes |first7=J. J. |last8=Heyl |first8=Jeremy |last9=Kawka |first9=Adela |last10=Kulkarni |first10=S. R. |last11=Marsh |first11=Thomas R. |last12=Mróz |first12=Przemek |last13=Prince |first13=Thomas A. |last14=Richer |first14=Harvey B. |last15=Rodriguez |first15=Antonio C. |date=2023-07-19 |title=A rotating white dwarf shows different compositions on its opposite faces |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06171-9 |journal=Nature |volume=620 |issue=7972 |language=en |pages=61–66 |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9 |issn=1476-4687|arxiv=2308.07430 |bibcode=2023Natur.620...61C }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-19 |title=Two-Faced Star Exposed |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/two-faced-star-exposed |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=California Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref>
{{reflist|group=NB}}
{{reflist|group=NB}}


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* [[Lists of astronomical objects]]
* [[Lists of astronomical objects]]
* [[Lists of stars]]
* [[Lists of stars]]
* [[List of exoplanets and planetary debris around white dwarfs]]


{{white dwarf}}
{{white dwarf}}

Latest revision as of 09:02, 17 September 2024

This is a list of exceptional white dwarf stars.

Firsts

[edit]

These were the first white dwarfs discovered fitting these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
First discovered Sirius B 1852 Sirius system Sirius B is also the nearest white dwarf (as of 2005) [1][2]
First found in a binary star system
First double white dwarf system LDS 275 1944 L 462-56 system [3]
First solitary white dwarf Van Maanen 2 1917 Van Maanen's star is also the nearest solitary white dwarf [4]
First white dwarf with a planet WD B1620−26 2003 PSR B1620-26 b (planet) This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system [5][6]
First singular white dwarf with a planet WD 1145+017 2015 WD 1145+017 b Planet is extremely small and is disintegrating.
First white dwarf that is a pulsar AR Scorpii A 2016 The star is in a binary system with a red dwarf [7]

Extremes

[edit]

These are the white dwarfs which are currently known to fit these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
Nearest Sirius 1852 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered.
See also: § Nearest
 [1][2]
Farthest SN UDS10Wil progenitor 2013 10,000,000,000 ly z=1.914 SN Wilson is a type-Ia supernova whose progenitor was a white dwarf [8][9][10]
Oldest WD 0346+246 2021 11.5 billion years [11]
Youngest provisional estimate
Highest surface temperature RX J0439.8−6809 2015 250,000 K (250,000 °C; 450,000 °F) This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud [12][13][11]
Lowest surface temperature PSR J2222–0137 B
WD J2147–4035 		2021
2022 		3000K
3050 K 		in binary
single 		[11][14]
Most luminous Z Andromedae B 1,500 - 9,800 L☉ [15]
Least luminous ESO 439-26 1.15×10−5 L☉ likely based on too high of a parallax
Brightest apparent Sirius B 1852 8.44 (V)
Dimmest apparent
Most massive ZTF J1901+1458[16] 2020 1.35 M☉ [16]
Least massive NLTT 11748 2007 0.13–0.16 M☉ [11]
Largest Z Andromedae B 0.17—0.16 R☉ [17]
Smallest HD 49798 2021 0.0023 R☉ [18]

Nearest

[edit]
10 nearest white dwarfs
Star Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 8.58 ly (2.63 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. It is part of the Sirius system. [1][2][19][20]
Procyon B 11.43 ly (3.50 pc) Part of Procyon system [19][20]
van Maanen's Star 14.04 ly (4.30 pc) [19][20]
GJ 440 15.09 ly (4.63 pc) [19]
40 Eridani B 16.25 ly (4.98 pc) Part of 40 Eridani system [19][20]
Stein 2051 B 18.06 ly (5.54 pc) Part of Stein 2051 system [19][20]
LP 44-113 20.0 ly (6.1 pc) [20]
G 99-44 20.9 ly (6.4 pc) [20]
L 97-12 25.8 ly (7.9 pc) [20]
Wolf 489 26.7 ly (8.2 pc) [20]

Other notable white dwarfs

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Atlas of the Universe, "The Universe within 12.5 Light Years: The Nearest Stars", Richard Powell, 30 July 2006 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  2. ^ a b c BBC News, "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf", Christine McGourty, 14 December 2005 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  3. ^ W. J. Luyten (September 1944). "Note on the Double White Dwarf L 462-56 = LDS 275". Astrophysical Journal. 100: 202. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..202L. doi:10.1086/144658.
  4. ^ Schatzman, Évry (1958), White Dwarfs, North Holland Publishing Company, p. 2.
  5. ^ Steinn Sigurdsson; Harvey B. Richer; Brad M. Hansen; Ingrid H. Stairs; Stephen E. Thorsett (July 2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation". Science. 301 (5630): 193–196. arXiv:astro-ph/0307339. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..193S. doi:10.1126/science.1086326. PMID 12855802. S2CID 39446560.
  6. ^ "Looking for planets around white dwarfs". Professor Astronomy. 20 August 2010.
  7. ^ Hambsch, Franz-Josef. "Amateurs Help Discover Pulsing White Dwarf". Sky and Telescope.
  8. ^ Jason Major (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel.
  9. ^ "CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed". Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). 23 April 2013.
  10. ^ David O. Jones; Steven A. Rodney; Adam G. Riess; Bahram Mobasher; Tomas Dahlen; Curtis McCully; Teddy F. Frederiksen; Stefano Casertano; Jens Hjorth; Charles R. Keeton; Anton Koekemoer; Louis-Gregory Strolger; Tommy G. Wiklind; Peter Challis; Or Graur; Brian Hayden; Brandon Patel; Benjamin J. Weiner; Alexei V. Filippenko; Peter Garnavich; Saurabh W. Jha; Robert P. Kirshner; Henry C. Ferguson; Norman A. Grogin; Dale Kocevski (2 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal. 768 (2) (published May 2013): 166. arXiv:1304.0768. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..166J. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. S2CID 118890248. 166.
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See also

[edit]
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