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{{short description|Belgian operatic soprano (born 1970)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{infobox person
{{infobox person
| name = Isabelle Kabatu
| name = Isabelle Kabatu
| image = Isabelle KABATU.jpg
| image = Isabelle KABATU.jpg
| image_upright =
| image_upright = 1.3
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = <!--{{birth year and age|1959}}-->
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1970}}<!-- according to several Authority control records -->
| birth_place = [[Montignies-sur-Sambre]], Belgium
| birth_place = [[Montignies-sur-Sambre]], Belgium
| death_date = <!-- model: {{death date and age|yyyy|mm|dd|1965|12|16|df=y}} -->
| death_date = <!-- model: {{death date and age|yyyy|mm|dd|1965|12|16|df=y}} -->
| death_place =
| death_place =
| education = {{plainlist|
| education = {{plainlist|
* Conservatoire royal de Mons
* {{ill|Royal Conservatory of Mons|fr|Conservatoire royal de Mons}}
* [[Royal Conservatory of Brussels]]
* [[Conservatoire royal de Bruxelles]]
* [[Conservatory of Nice]]
* [[Conservatory of Nice]]
}}
}}
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}}
}}
| awards =
| awards =
| website = {{url|http://www.isabellekabatu.com/}}
| website = {{url|https://www.isabellekabatu.com/}}
}}
}}


'''Isabelle Kabatu''' is a Belgian operatic [[soprano]]. She has appeared internationally, with a focus on the Italian repertoire such as Verdi's [[La traviata]] and [[Aida]], and Puccini's [[Manon Lescaut]] and [[Tosca]]. She appeared as Bess in Gershwin's ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' beginning at the [[Houston Grand Opera]] and touring the world. In 2012, she appeared in the world premiere of Franck's youthful work ''[[Stradella (Franck)|Stradella]]''.
'''Isabelle Kabatu''' (born 1970) is a Belgian operatic [[soprano]] with a father from [[Belgian Congo]]<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" /> and a Belgian mother. She has appeared internationally, with a focus on the Italian repertoire such as Verdi's ''[[La traviata]]'' and ''[[Aida]]'', and Puccini's ''[[Manon Lescaut (Puccini)|Manon Lescaut]]'' and ''[[Tosca]]''. She appeared as Bess in Gershwin's ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' beginning at the [[Houston Grand Opera]] and touring the world. In 2012, she appeared in the world premiere of Franck's early work ''[[Stradella (Franck)|Stradella]]''.


== Life ==
== Life ==
Born in [[Montignies-sur-Sambre]], Kabatu studied voice and at the Royal Conservatories of Belgium in [[Mons]], [[Royal Conservatory of Brussels|Brussels]] and Ghent. She improved her skills with [[Jessye Norman]].<ref>''[[Les Inrockuptibles]]'', issues 85–92, Editions Indépendantes, 1996 ({{p.|70}})</ref><ref>Belgian opera houses and singers, Richard T. Soper, Reprint Co., 1999 ({{p.|225}}).</ref><ref>Le rêve d'Élisabeth : cinquante ans de Concours Reine Élisabeth par Thierry Bouckaert, Editions Complexe, 2001 ({{p.|210}}).</ref>
Born in [[Montignies-sur-Sambre]], Kabatu studied voice and at the Royal Conservatories of Belgium in [[Mons, Belgium|Mons]], [[Royal Conservatory of Brussels|Brussels]] and Ghent. She improved her skills with [[Jessye Norman]].<ref>''[[Les Inrockuptibles]]'', issues 85–92, Editions Indépendantes, 1996, {{p.|70}}</ref><ref>''Belgian Opera Houses and Singers'', Richard T. Soper, Reprint Co., 1999, {{p.|225}}.</ref><ref>''Le rêve d'Élisabeth : cinquante ans de Concours Reine Élisabeth'' by Thierry Bouckaert, Editions Complexe, 2001, {{p.|210}}.</ref>


She was a laureate of the [[Queen Elisabeth Competition]] in May 1992. Kabatu was ranked 12th out of 12 finalists,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.concours-reine-elisabeth.be/fr/i/294-Isabelle_KABATU.html |title=lauréats/jury - Isabelle KABATU 12th prize, Chant 1992 |website=www.concours-reine-elisabeth.be}}</ref> and two years later, in 1994, she won first prize in the [[Viotti Competition]]. That same year, she made her operatic debut in the title role of Verdi's ''[[La traviata]]'' in Lisbon.<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" />
She was a laureate of the [[Queen Elisabeth Competition]] in May 1992. Kabatu was ranked 12th out of 12 finalists,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.concours-reine-elisabeth.be/fr/i/294-Isabelle_KABATU.html |title=Lauréats/Jury Isabelle Kabatu 12th prize, Chant 1992 |website=www.concours-reine-elisabeth.be |access-date=11 October 2019 |archive-date=22 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722083005/http://www.concours-reine-elisabeth.be/fr/i/294-Isabelle_KABATU.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and two years later, in 1994, she won first prize in the [[Viotti Competition]]. That same year, she made her operatic debut in the title role of Verdi's ''[[La traviata]]'' in Lisbon.<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" />


Kabatu furthered her studies at the [[Conservatory of Nice]]<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" /> with {{Ill|Jean-Pierre Blivet|fr}} in 1995. In 1996, she appeared in a production of the [[Houston Grand Opera]] as Bess in a production of Gershwin's ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' that toured to [[La Scala]] in Milan, the [[Opéra Bastille]] in Paris, and the [[Bunkamura]] of Tokyo.<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" />
Kabatu furthered her studies at the [[Conservatory of Nice]]<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" /> with {{Ill|Jean-Pierre Blivet|fr}} in 1995. In 1996, she appeared in a production of the [[Houston Grand Opera]] as Bess in a production of Gershwin's ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'' that toured to [[La Scala]] in Milan, the [[Opéra Bastille]] in Paris, and the [[Bunkamura]] of Tokyo.<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" />


At the [[Glimmerglass Festival]] in New York, she had a great success in the title role of Puccini's ''[[Madama Butterfly]]''.<!-- which she also sang --><ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" /> Her roles also include Verdi's [[Aida]], Amelia in ''[[Un ballo in maschera]]'' and Leonora in ''[[La forza del destino]]'', Puccini's [[Tosca]] and [[Manon Lescaut]], <!--[[La Fanciulla del West]],--> and Dolly in Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari's ''[[Sly (opera)|Sly]]'', alongside [[José Carreras]] in the title role, in a production that was recorded.<!--... on the great opera stages, [[Vienna State Opera]], Barcelona's [[Liceo]], Dresden's [[Semperoper]], San Francisco's Houston, Verona's Arena...--><ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" />
At the [[Glimmerglass Festival]] in New York, she had a great success in the title role of Puccini's ''[[Madama Butterfly]]''.<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" /> Her roles also include Verdi's ''[[Aida]]'', Amelia in ''[[Un ballo in maschera]]'' and Leonora in ''[[La forza del destino]]'', Puccini's ''[[Tosca]]'' and ''[[Manon Lescaut]]'', <!--[[La Fanciulla del West]],--> and Dolly in Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari's ''[[Sly (opera)|Sly]]'', alongside [[José Carreras]] in the title role, in a production that was recorded.<!--... on the great opera stages, [[Vienna State Opera]], Barcelona's [[Liceo]], Dresden's [[Semperoper]], San Francisco's Houston, Verona's Arena...--><ref name="Kutsch/Riemens" />


In 1999, she married the director and painter [[Stefano Giuliani (artist)|Stefano Giuliani]] in [[Ixelles]] and in 2000 founded with him a lyrical workshop, "Da Tempesta Company", to help young artists musicians, singers, scenographers, decorators and visual artists.<ref name="interview2010">{{Cite web |url=http://archives.lesoir.be/-titre-l-8217-habitat-c-8217-est-quelque-chose-d-8217-e_t-20100518-00WZNR.html |title=lesoir.be, interview, Saturday 22 May 2010 |website=archives.lesoir.be}}</ref> Since its creation, this workshop has produced about ten operas, often with orchestra.<!--, by [[Claudio Monteverdi]],--><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archives.lesoir.be/opera-le-baroque-montois-mer-trop-houleuse-pour-monteve_t-20000916-Z0JP2X.html |title=lesoir.be - OPÉRA Le baroque montois Mer trop houleuse pour Monteverdi - by Michel Friche Saturday 16 September 2000 |website=archives.lesoir.be }}</ref><!-- [[Mozart]], [[Rossini]], [[Bizet]], [[Jacques Offenbach|Offenbach]].-->
In 1999, she married the director and painter Stefano Giuliani in [[Ixelles]] and in 2000 founded with him a lyrical workshop, "Da Tempesta Company", to help young artists musicians, singers, scenographers, decorators and visual artists.<ref name="interview2010">{{Cite news|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/-titre-l-8217-habitat-c-8217-est-quelque-chose-d-8217-e_t-20100518-00WZNR.html|title=Interview|date=22 May 2010|newspaper=[[Le Soir]]|location=Brussels}}{{dead link|date=December 2023}}</ref> Since its creation, this workshop has produced about ten operas, often with orchestra.<!--, by [[Claudio Monteverdi]],--><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/opera-le-baroque-montois-mer-trop-houleuse-pour-monteve_t-20000916-Z0JP2X.html|title=Opéra Le baroque montois Mer trop houleuse pour Monteverdi|language=fr|author=Michel Friche|date=16 September 2000|newspaper=[[Le Soir]]|location=Brussels}}{{dead link|date=December 2023}}</ref><!-- [[Mozart]], [[Rossini]], [[Bizet]], [[Jacques Offenbach|Offenbach]].-->


Kabatu won the [[Prix des arts de la scène (Hainaut)]] in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hainaut.be/magazine/archives/Dialogue54/dupont.asp |title=Les Prix du Hainaut 2003 sont décernés |website=www.hainaut.be}}</ref> She sang Aida in Rome in 2005 and there met the tenor [[Placido Domingo]], with whom she often collaborated.<ref name="interview2010"/>
Kabatu won the {{ill|Prix des arts de la scène (Hainaut)|fr|lt=Prix des arts de la scène}} in Hainaut Province, Belgium, in 2003.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hainaut.be/magazine/archives/Dialogue54/dupont.asp |title=Les Prix du Hainaut 2003 sont décernés |website=www.hainaut.be }}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She sang Aida in Rome in 2005 and there met the tenor [[Placido Domingo]], with whom she often collaborated.<ref name="interview2010"/>


In 2008 she sang Chimène in the new production of Massenet's ''[[Le Cid (opera)|Le Cid]]'' at the [[Opernhaus Zürich]] alongside [[José Cura]], supervised by [[Michel Plasson]] and [[Nicolas Joel]], and in 2009 she performed the role of Madame Lidoine in Poulenc's ''[[Dialogues des Carmélites]]'' at the [[Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse]].<ref>A performance broadcast on [[France Musique]] as part of ''Le concert du soir'', Thursday 21 January 2010.</ref> In September 2012, she played the role of Leonor in the world premiere of Franck's ''[[Stradella (Franck)|Stradella]]'' at the [[Opéra Royal de Wallonie]] in Liège.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.moustique.be/mosquito/152168/opera-stradella-bulles-miroirs-rideaux-de-pluie |title=Opéra: Stradella - bulle, miroirs, rideau de pluie}}</ref>
In 2008 she sang Chimène in the new production of Massenet's ''[[Le Cid (opera)|Le Cid]]'' at the [[Opernhaus Zürich]] alongside [[José Cura]], supervised by [[Michel Plasson]] and [[Nicolas Joel]], and in 2009 she performed the role of Madame Lidoine in Poulenc's ''[[Dialogues des Carmélites]]'' at the [[Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse]].<ref>A performance broadcast on [[France Musique]] as part of ''Le concert du soir'', Thursday 21 January 2010.{{better source needed|date=December 2023}}</ref> In September 2012, she played the role of Léonor in the world premiere of Franck's ''[[Stradella (Franck)|Stradella]]'' at the [[Opéra Royal de Wallonie]] in Liège.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moustique.be/mosquito/152168/opera-stradella-bulles-miroirs-rideaux-de-pluie|title=Opéra: ''Stradella'' bulle, miroirs, rideau de pluie|language=fr|access-date=11 October 2019|archive-date=22 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122204809/http://www.moustique.be/mosquito/152168/opera-stradella-bulles-miroirs-rideaux-de-pluie|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Recordings ==
== Recordings ==
* ''Dolly'' in E. Wolf-Ferrari's ''[[Sly (opera)|Sly ovvero La leggenda del dormiente risvegliato]]'', Munich, Koch International, 2001 (2 CDs, recorded in 2000), alongside [[José Carreras]]<ref>[http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2001/June01/Sly.htm Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876-1948) / Sly ] musicweb-international.com June 2001</ref>
* Dolly in E. Wolf-Ferrari's ''[[Sly (opera)|Sly ovvero La leggenda del dormiente risvegliato]]'', Munich, Koch International, 2001 (2 CDs, recorded in 2000), alongside [[José Carreras]]<ref>[http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2001/June01/Sly.htm Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876–1948) / ''Sly''], musicweb-international.com June 2001</ref>
* ''Aïda'', conductor [[Fabio Mastrangelo]]
* Aida, in Verdi's opera, conductor {{ill|Fabio Mastrangelo|it}}
* ''Stradella'', by César Franck, conductor Paolo Arrivabeni, direction Jaco Van Dormael, DVD label : Dynamic<ref>[http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2014/May14/Franck_Stradella_37692.htm César Franck / Stradella] musicweb-international.com</ref>
* Léonor in César Franck's ''Stradella'', conductor {{ill|Paolo Arrivabeni|de}}, direction Jaco Van Dormael, DVD label: Dynamic<ref>[http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2014/May14/Franck_Stradella_37692.htm "César Franck / ''Stradella''], musicweb-international.com</ref>
* ''[[Carmen]]'', Festival of Avenche<ref>{{OCLC|716533217}}</ref>
* Carmen in Bizet's ''Carmen'', Festival of Avenche<ref>''Carmen'' (1996 recording) {{OCLC|716533217}}</ref>
<!--* Donizetti's ''[[Maria Stuarda]]'', Nightingale, 2004 (2 CDs) - can't find that one-->
<!--* Donizetti's ''[[Maria Stuarda]]'', Nightingale, 2004 (2 CDs) - can't find that one-->
* ''Vénus'' in Wagner's [[Tannhäuser (opera)|Tannhäuser]] conducted by [[Franz Welser-Möst]], Zurich, 2004 (2 DVDs EMI, 180 minutes)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jkaufmann.info/cdKritik_fr/tannh_01.htm |title=Wagner: Tannhäuser, Zürich |website=www.jkaufmann.info}}</ref>
* Venus in Wagner's ''[[Tannhäuser (opera)|Tannhäuser]]'' conducted by [[Franz Welser-Möst]], Zürich, 2004 (2 DVDs EMI, 180 minutes)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jkaufmann.info/cdKritik_fr/tannh_01.htm |title=Wagner: ''Tannhäuser'', Zürich |website=www.jkaufmann.info}}</ref>
* ''Bess'' in Gershwin's ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'', Munich, Sony Music Entertainment, 2009 (3 CDs and a leaflet, recorded in Graz, Helmut-List-Halle, Austria), conducted by [[Nikolaus Harnoncourt]]<ref>{{BNF|42088443q}}</ref><ref>Clements, Andrew, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/nov/19/porgy-bess-nikolaus-harnoncourt-review "Gershwin: Porgy and Bess: Lemalu/Kabatu/Nwobilo/Forest/Arnold Schoenberg Choir/Chamber Orchestra of Europe/Harnoncourt"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 19 November 2009.</ref>
* Bess in Gershwin's ''[[Porgy and Bess]]'', Munich, Sony Music Entertainment, 2009 (3 CDs and a leaflet, recorded in Graz, Helmut-List-Halle, Austria), conducted by [[Nikolaus Harnoncourt]]<ref>''Porgy and Bess'' 2009 recording {{BNF|42088443q}}</ref><ref>Clements, Andrew, [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/nov/19/porgy-bess-nikolaus-harnoncourt-review "Gershwin: Porgy and Bess: Lemalu/Kabatu/Nwobilo/Forest/Arnold Schoenberg Choir/Chamber Orchestra of Europe/Harnoncourt"], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 19 November 2009.</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens">{{cite book
<ref name="Kutsch/Riemens">{{cite book
| last = Kutsch
| last1 = Kutsch
| first = K. J.
| first1 = K.-J.
| authorlink = Karl-Josef Kutsch
| author1-link = Karl-Josef Kutsch
| last2 = Riemens
| last2 = Riemens
| first2 = Leo
| first2 = Leo
| authorlink2 = Leo Riemens
| author2-link = Leo Riemens
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dsfq_5dFeL0C&pg=PA2297
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dsfq_5dFeL0C&pg=PA2297
| title = Kabatu, Isabella
| chapter = Kabatu, Isabella
| work = [[Großes Sängerlexikon]]
| title = [[Großes Sängerlexikon]]
| publisher = Franc–Kaidanoff
| publisher = [[Walter de Gruyter]]
| edition = 4th
| edition = 4th
| language = German
| language = de
| year = 2004
| year = 2004
| page = 2297
| page = 2297
Line 72: Line 73:


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{DNB portal|135211735}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* {{official|http://www.isabellekabatu.com/}}
* {{official|https://www.isabellekabatu.com/}}
* [https://www.lesarchivesduspectacle.net/?IDX_Personne=72631 Isabelle Kabatu] on Bases spectacle
* [https://www.lesarchivesduspectacle.net/?IDX_Personne=72631 "Isabelle Kabatu"], lesarchivesduspectacle.net


{{Portal bar|Opera|Belgium}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Opera|Belgium}}
{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kabatu, Isabelle}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kabatu, Isabelle}}
[[Category:People from Charleroi]]
[[Category:Musicians from Charleroi]]
[[Category:Belgian operatic sopranos]]
[[Category:Belgian operatic sopranos]]
[[Category:21st-century opera singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Belgian women opera singers]]
[[Category:21st-century women opera singers]]
[[Category:Royal Conservatory of Brussels alumni]]
[[Category:Royal Conservatory of Brussels alumni]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Date of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1970 births]]

Latest revision as of 10:24, 17 September 2024

Isabelle Kabatu
Born1970 (age 53–54)
Education
Occupation
Websitewww.isabellekabatu.com

Isabelle Kabatu (born 1970) is a Belgian operatic soprano with a father from Belgian Congo[1] and a Belgian mother. She has appeared internationally, with a focus on the Italian repertoire such as Verdi's La traviata and Aida, and Puccini's Manon Lescaut and Tosca. She appeared as Bess in Gershwin's Porgy and Bess beginning at the Houston Grand Opera and touring the world. In 2012, she appeared in the world premiere of Franck's early work Stradella.

Life

[edit]

Born in Montignies-sur-Sambre, Kabatu studied voice and at the Royal Conservatories of Belgium in Mons, Brussels and Ghent. She improved her skills with Jessye Norman.[2][3][4]

She was a laureate of the Queen Elisabeth Competition in May 1992. Kabatu was ranked 12th out of 12 finalists,[5] and two years later, in 1994, she won first prize in the Viotti Competition. That same year, she made her operatic debut in the title role of Verdi's La traviata in Lisbon.[1]

Kabatu furthered her studies at the Conservatory of Nice[1] with Jean-Pierre Blivet [fr] in 1995. In 1996, she appeared in a production of the Houston Grand Opera as Bess in a production of Gershwin's Porgy and Bess that toured to La Scala in Milan, the Opéra Bastille in Paris, and the Bunkamura of Tokyo.[1]

At the Glimmerglass Festival in New York, she had a great success in the title role of Puccini's Madama Butterfly.[1] Her roles also include Verdi's Aida, Amelia in Un ballo in maschera and Leonora in La forza del destino, Puccini's Tosca and Manon Lescaut, and Dolly in Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari's Sly, alongside José Carreras in the title role, in a production that was recorded.[1]

In 1999, she married the director and painter Stefano Giuliani in Ixelles and in 2000 founded with him a lyrical workshop, "Da Tempesta Company", to help young artists musicians, singers, scenographers, decorators and visual artists.[6] Since its creation, this workshop has produced about ten operas, often with orchestra.[7]

Kabatu won the Prix des arts de la scène [fr] in Hainaut Province, Belgium, in 2003.[8] She sang Aida in Rome in 2005 and there met the tenor Placido Domingo, with whom she often collaborated.[6]

In 2008 she sang Chimène in the new production of Massenet's Le Cid at the Opernhaus Zürich alongside José Cura, supervised by Michel Plasson and Nicolas Joel, and in 2009 she performed the role of Madame Lidoine in Poulenc's Dialogues des Carmélites at the Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse.[9] In September 2012, she played the role of Léonor in the world premiere of Franck's Stradella at the Opéra Royal de Wallonie in Liège.[10]

Recordings

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Kutsch, K.-J.; Riemens, Leo (2004). "Kabatu, Isabella". Großes Sängerlexikon (in German) (4th ed.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 2297. ISBN 978-3-59-844088-5.
  2. ^ Les Inrockuptibles, issues 85–92, Editions Indépendantes, 1996, p. 70
  3. ^ Belgian Opera Houses and Singers, Richard T. Soper, Reprint Co., 1999, p. 225.
  4. ^ Le rêve d'Élisabeth : cinquante ans de Concours Reine Élisabeth by Thierry Bouckaert, Editions Complexe, 2001, p. 210.
  5. ^ "Lauréats/Jury – Isabelle Kabatu 12th prize, Chant 1992". www.concours-reine-elisabeth.be. Archived from the original on 22 July 2014. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Interview". Le Soir. Brussels. 22 May 2010.[dead link]
  7. ^ Michel Friche (16 September 2000). "Opéra – Le baroque montois Mer trop houleuse pour Monteverdi". Le Soir (in French). Brussels.[dead link]
  8. ^ "Les Prix du Hainaut 2003 sont décernés". www.hainaut.be.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ A performance broadcast on France Musique as part of Le concert du soir, Thursday 21 January 2010.[better source needed]
  10. ^ "Opéra: Stradella – bulle, miroirs, rideau de pluie" (in French). Archived from the original on 22 November 2012. Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  11. ^ Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari (1876–1948) / Sly, musicweb-international.com June 2001
  12. ^ "César Franck / Stradella, musicweb-international.com
  13. ^ Carmen (1996 recording) OCLC 716533217
  14. ^ "Wagner: Tannhäuser, Zürich". www.jkaufmann.info.
  15. ^ Porgy and Bess 2009 recording BnF 42088443q
  16. ^ Clements, Andrew, "Gershwin: Porgy and Bess: Lemalu/Kabatu/Nwobilo/Forest/Arnold Schoenberg Choir/Chamber Orchestra of Europe/Harnoncourt", The Guardian, 19 November 2009.
[edit]