Charis (butterfly): Difference between revisions

Charis
	Anius metalmark (C.anius); male Antioquia, Colombia
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Riodinidae
Tribe:	Riodinini
Genus:	Charis; Hübner, 1819
Synonyms
	Charmona Stichel, 1910 ; Charmonana Hemming, 1967 ; Charmonona Strand, 1932 ; Sarota Westwood, 1851 ;

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Charis is a genus of the Riodinini tribe of metalmark butterflies (family Riodinidae). Nineteen species have been identified within the Charis cleonus complex^[3] (however, further analysis has revised this clade to contain 22 species^[4]) and eight species within the Charis gynaea group (clade).^[5] Charis butterflies are common in the Neotropics and often live in primary and secondary growth.^[5] The Charis cleonus group exhibits contemporary parapatric distributions throughout Amazonia and are thought to have speciated allopatrically; residing in "areas of endemism".^[3] Some evidence suggests that Charis (among other Riodininae groups) are reproductively isolated by mating preferences for different topographic areas and different times—of which, may have promoted speciation between the various groups.^[6]

Species

Charis cleonus complex
- Charis major subgroup
  - Charis ma Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis major (Lathy, 1932)
  - Charis matic Harvey & Hall, 2002
- Charis cleonus subgroup
  - Charis ariquemes Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis brasilia Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis breves Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis cacaulandia Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis caryatis Hewitson, 1866
  - Charis cleonus (Stoll, 1781)
  - Charis cuiaba Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis humaita Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis ipiranga Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis iquitos Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis manicore Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis manu Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis maues Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis negro Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis palcazu Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis rocana Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis santarem Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis tapajos Harvey & Hall, 2002
  - Charis tefe Harvey & Hall, 2002
Charis gynaea group
- Charis barnesi Hall & Harvey, 2001
- Charis callaghani Hall & Harvey, 2001
- Charis gallardi Hall & Harvey, 2001
- Charis gynaea (Godart, 1824)
- Charis nicolayi Hall & Harvey, 2001
- Charis smalli Hall & Harvey, 2001
- Charis zama Bates, 1868

References

^ "Charis Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
^ "Charis". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
^ ^a ^b ^c Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2002), "The Phylogeography of Amazonia Revisited: New Evidence from Riodinid Butterflies", Evolution, 56 (7): 1489–1497, doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1489:tpoarn]2.0.co;2, PMID 12206248
^ Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2002), "Phylogenetic revision of the Charis cleonus complex (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)", Systematic Entomology, 27: 265–300, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00173.x Full text: [1]
^ ^a ^b Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2001), "Phylogenetic Revision of the Charis gynaea Group (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) with Comments on Historical Relationships Among Neotropical Areas of Endemism", Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94 (5): 631–647, doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0631:protcg]2.0.co;2
^ Curtis J. Callaghan (1983), "A study of isolating mechanisms among neotropical butterflies of the subfamily Riodininae", Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 21 (3): 159–176

This Riodinidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] "Charis Hübner, [1819]" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved May 19, 2017.

[2] "Charis". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 2024-03-27.

[HallHarvey2002-3] Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2002), "The Phylogeography of Amazonia Revisited: New Evidence from Riodinid Butterflies", Evolution, 56 (7): 1489–1497, doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1489:tpoarn]2.0.co;2, PMID 12206248

[4] Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2002), "Phylogenetic revision of the Charis cleonus complex (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)", Systematic Entomology, 27: 265–300, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00173.x Full text: [1]

[HallHarvey2001-5] Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey (2001), "Phylogenetic Revision of the Charis gynaea Group (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) with Comments on Historical Relationships Among Neotropical Areas of Endemism", Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 94 (5): 631–647, doi:10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0631:protcg]2.0.co;2

[6] Curtis J. Callaghan (1983), "A study of isolating mechanisms among neotropical butterflies of the subfamily Riodininae", Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 21 (3): 159–176

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Genus of butterflies}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{Automatic taxobox
-| name = ''Charis''
+| image =  Anius metalmark (Charis anius) male Antioquia.jpg
-| image =
+| image_caption = Anius metalmark (''C.anius'')<br>male Antioquia, Colombia
-| image_width =
-| image_caption =
+| taxon = Charis
+| authority = [[Jacob Hübner|Hübner]], 1819<ref>[http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/riodinidae/charis/ "''Charis'' Hübner, [1819&#93;"] at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms''. Retrieved May 19, 2017.</ref>
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
+| synonyms =
-| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
+{{Species list
-| subphylum = [[Hexapoda]]
+| Charmona | Stichel, 1910
-| classis = [[Insect]]a
+| Charmonana | Hemming, 1967
-| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
+| Charmonona | Strand, 1932
-| subordo = [[Ditrysia]]
+| Sarota | Westwood, 1851
-| infraordo = [[Rhopalocera]]
+}}
-| superfamilia = [[Papilionoidea]]
+| synonyms_ref = <ref>{{Cite GBIF|id=8014063|taxon=''Charis''|access-date=2024-03-27}}</ref>
-| familia = [[Riodinidae]]
-| subfamilia = [[Riodininae]]
-| tribus = [[Riodinini]]
-| genus = '''''Charis'''''
 }}
-'''''Charis''''' is a genus of the [[Riodinini]] [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] of metalmark [[butterflies]] ([[family (biology)|family]] [[Riodinidae]]). Nineteen species have been identified within the ''[[Charis cleonus]]'' complex<ref name=HallHarvey2002>{{Citation |title=The Phylogeography of Amazonia Revisited: New Evidence from Riodinid Butterflies | author=Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey | journal=Evolution | year=2002 | volume=56 | issue=7 | pages=1489-1497 | doi= }}</ref> (however, further analysis has revised this clade to contain 22 species<ref>{{Citation |title=Phylogenetic revision of the Charis cleonus complex (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) | author=Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey | journal=Systematic Entomology | year=2002 | volume=27 | issue= | pages=265-300 | doi= }}</ref>) and eight species within the ''[[Charis gynea]]'' group ([[clade]]).<ref name=HallHarvey2001>{{Citation |title=Phylogenetic Revision of the ''Charis gynaea'' Group (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) with Comments on Historical Relationships Among Neotropical Areas of Endemism | author=Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey  | journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America | year=2001 | volume=94 | issue=5 | pages=631-647 | doi= }}</ref> ''Charis'' butterflies are common in the [[Neotropics]] and often live in primary and secondary growth.<ref name=HallHarvey2001/> The ''Charis cleonus'' group exhibits contemporary [[parapatric speciation|parapatric]] distributions throughout [[Amazon rainforest|Amazonia]] and are thought to have speciated [[allopatric speciation|allopatrically]]; residing in "areas of endemism".<ref name=HallHarvey2002/> Some evidence suggests that ''Charis'' (among other [[Riodininae]] groups) are [[reproductive isolation|reproductively isolated]] by mating preferences for different [[topography|topographic]] areas and different times—of which, may have promoted speciation between the various groups.<ref>{{Citation |title=A study of isolating mechanisms among neotropical butterflies of the subfamily Riodininae | author=Curtis J. Callaghan | journal=Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera | year=1983 | volume=21 | issue=3 | pages=159-176 | doi= }}</ref>
+'''''Charis''''' is a genus of the [[Riodinini]] [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] of metalmark [[butterflies]] ([[family (biology)|family]] [[Riodinidae]]). Nineteen species have been identified within the ''[[Charis cleonus]]'' complex<ref name=HallHarvey2002>{{Citation |title=The Phylogeography of Amazonia Revisited: New Evidence from Riodinid Butterflies | author=Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey | journal=Evolution | year=2002 | volume=56 | issue=7 | pages=1489–1497 | doi= 10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[1489:tpoarn]2.0.co;2 | pmid=12206248}}</ref> (however, further analysis has revised this clade to contain 22 species<ref>{{Citation |title=Phylogenetic revision of the Charis cleonus complex (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) | author=Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey | journal=Systematic Entomology | year=2002 | volume=27 | pages=265–300 | doi= 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00173.x| doi-access=free }} Full text: [http://butterfliesofecuador.com/reprints/2002HH_PR.pdf]</ref>) and eight species within the ''[[Charis gynaea]]'' group ([[clade]]).<ref name=HallHarvey2001>{{Citation |title=Phylogenetic Revision of the ''Charis gynaea'' Group (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) with Comments on Historical Relationships Among Neotropical Areas of Endemism | author=Jason P. W. Hall and Donald J. Harvey  | journal=Annals of the Entomological Society of America | year=2001 | volume=94 | issue=5 | pages=631–647 | doi= 10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0631:protcg]2.0.co;2| doi-access=free }}</ref> ''Charis'' butterflies are common in the [[Neotropics]] and often live in primary and secondary growth.<ref name=HallHarvey2001/> The ''Charis cleonus'' group exhibits contemporary [[parapatric speciation|parapatric]] distributions throughout [[Amazon rainforest|Amazonia]] and are thought to have speciated [[allopatric speciation|allopatrically]]; residing in "areas of endemism".<ref name=HallHarvey2002/> Some evidence suggests that ''Charis'' (among other [[Riodininae]] groups) are [[reproductive isolation|reproductively isolated]] by mating preferences for different [[topography|topographic]] areas and different times—of which, may have promoted speciation between the various groups.<ref>{{Citation |title=A study of isolating mechanisms among neotropical butterflies of the subfamily Riodininae | author=Curtis J. Callaghan | journal=Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera | year=1983 | volume=21 | issue=3 | pages=159–176 }}</ref>
-[[File:Area Cladogram of Charis butterflies (Horizontal).png|Right|thumb|300px|A cladogram of species in the ''Charis cleonus'' group superimposed over a map of [[South America]] showing the biogeographic ranges or each species.<ref name=HallHarvey2002/>]]
+[[File:Area Cladogram of Charis butterflies (Horizontal).png|right|thumb|300px|A cladogram of species in the ''Charis cleonus'' group superimposed over a map of [[South America]] showing the biogeographic ranges or each species.<ref name=HallHarvey2002/>]]
+==Species==
+*''Charis cleonus'' complex
+**''Charis major'' subgroup
+***''[[Charis ma]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis major]]'' <small>(Lathy, 1932)</small>
+***''[[Charis matic]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+**''Charis cleonus'' subgroup
+***''[[Charis ariquemes]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis brasilia]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis breves]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis cacaulandia]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis caryatis]]'' <small>Hewitson, 1866</small>
+***''[[Charis cleonus]]'' <small>(Stoll, 1781)</small>
+***''[[Charis cuiaba]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis humaita]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis ipiranga]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis iquitos]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis manicore]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis manu]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis maues]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis negro]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis palcazu]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis rocana]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis santarem]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis tapajos]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+***''[[Charis tefe]]'' <small>Harvey & Hall, 2002</small>
+*''Charis gynaea'' group
+**''[[Charis barnesi]]'' <small>Hall & Harvey, 2001</small>
+**''[[Charis callaghani]]'' <small>Hall & Harvey, 2001</small>
+**''[[Charis gallardi]]'' <small>Hall & Harvey, 2001</small>
+**''[[Charis gynaea]]'' <small>(Godart, 1824)</small>
+**''[[Charis nicolayi]]'' <small>Hall & Harvey, 2001</small>
+**''[[Charis smalli]]'' <small>Hall & Harvey, 2001</small>
+**''[[Charis zama]]'' <small>Bates, 1868</small>
 == References ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{Reflist}}
+{{Taxonbar|from=Q1762570}}
+[[Category:Riodinini]]
-{{commonscat|Riodininae}}
+[[Category:Taxa described in 1819]]
+[[Category:Taxa named by Jacob Hübner]]
+[[Category:Riodinidae of South America]]
-[[Category:Riodininae]]
-[[Category:Riodinini|*]]
-[[Category:Butterfly tribes]]
 {{Riodinidae-stub}}