Iphimedeia: Difference between revisions

Iphimedia
Iphimedia
Princess of Thessaly
Member of the Thessalian Royal Family
Other names	Iphimede, Iphimedea, Iphimedia
Abode	Thessaly
Genealogy
Parents	Triopas and Hiscilla
Siblings	Erysichthon and Phorbas
Consort	(1) Poseidon; (2) Aloeus
Children	(1) Aloadae (Otus and Ephialtes); (2) Aloadae and Pancratis (Pancrato)

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In Greek mythology, Iphimedeia (/ˌɪfɪmɪˈdaɪə/; Ancient Greek: Ἰφιμέδεια) or Iphimede (Ἰφιμέδη) was a Thessalian princess. She was attested in Homer's Odyssey in the Catalogue of women as being a mortal.

Family

Iphimedia was the daughter of Triopas of Thessaly (a son of Poseidon and Canace) and probably by Hiscilla, daughter of King Myrmidon of Phthia.^[1] Her possible brothers were Erysichthon^[2] and Phorbas.^[3]

Iphimedea had by Poseidon the twins Otus and Ephialtes who were called the Aloadae after their stepfather.^[4] One account called these men's natural father as Aloeus, husband and paternal uncle of Iphimede.^[5] The latter mothered as well Pancratis^[6] (or Pancrato^[7]) to Aloeus. She was probably also the mother of Elate and Platanus, the sisters of the Aloadae.

Mythology

Early years

Iphimedeia also fell in love with Poseidon, god of the sea, and would often come to the sea shore where she poured the sea water in her lap, until the god came and answered her feelings (cf. the story of Tyro).^[8]

Thracian abduction

Iphimedia's daughter Pancratis was renowned for her beauty. When the two participated in the celebration of the orgies of Dionysus near Drius in Achaea Phthiotis, they were carried off by the companions of the Thracian king Butes and brought to the island of Strongyle (later Naxos) where Pancratis was given in marriage to the new king Agassamenus and Iphimedia to a friend and lieutenant of his. Two other leaders, Sicelus and Hecetorus, had fought over Pancratis and killed each other (or else they were Scellis and Agassamenus themselves). Soon after, Otus and Ephialtes, sent by Aloeus, defeated the Thracians and rescued their mother and sister but Pancratis died not much later.^[9]

Connection with Hekate

Iphimedeia was one of the heroines whose spirits Odysseus encountered at the entrance of the Underworld.^[10]

According to Pietro Scarpi, Iphimedeia should be placed in the chthonic realm as a double of Hekate.^[11]

Ancient cults

Her name seems to be attested in Mycenaean Greek in the Linear B syllabic script at Pylos in the form 𐀂𐀟𐀕𐀆𐀊, i-pe-me-de-ja.^[12]^[13]

Pausanias mentions a painting of Iphimedeia by Polygnotus, and remarks that she was honored by the Carians in Mylasa.^[14]

The tomb of Iphimedeia and her sons was shown at Anthedon in Boetia.^[15]

Notes

^ Hyginus, De Astronomica 2.14.5
^ Callimachus, Hymn to Demeter 31–32 & 96-100
^ Homeric Hymns to Apollo 3.211
^ Homer, Odyssey 11.305; Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.89; Hyginus, Fabulae 28
^ Pausanias, 9.22.6
^ Diodorus Siculus, 5.50.6–51.2
^ Parthenius, 19 from the 2nd book of the Naxiaca of Andriscus
^ Apollodorus, 1.7.4
^ Diodorus Siculus, 5.50.6–51.2; Parthenius, 19 from the 2nd book of the Naxiaca of Andriscus
^ Homer, Odyssey 11.305
^ Pietro Scarpi, "Un teonimo miceneo e le sue implicazioni per la mitologia greca," Bolletino dell'Istituto di Filologia greca dell'Università di Padova 2 (1975) 230-51
^ Pylos Tn 316 inscription
^ "The Linear B word i-pe-me-de-ja". Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of Ancient languages. Raymoure, K.A. "Pylos PY Tn Linear B Series". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. Archived from the original on 2013-10-13. Retrieved 2014-03-13. "PY 316 Tn (44)". DĀMOS Database of Mycenaean at Oslo. University of Oslo.
^ Pausanias, 10.28.8
^ Pausanias, 9.22.6

References

Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888-1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Gaius Julius Hyginus, Astronomica from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Homer, The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
Parthenius, Love Romances translated by Sir Stephen Gaselee (1882-1943), S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 69. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1916. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
Parthenius, Erotici Scriptores Graeci, Vol. 1. Rudolf Hercher. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1858. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.

[1] Hyginus, De Astronomica 2.14.5

[2] Callimachus, Hymn to Demeter 31–32 & 96-100

[3] Homeric Hymns to Apollo 3.211

[:0-4] Homer, Odyssey 11.305; Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.89; Hyginus, Fabulae 28

[5] Pausanias, 9.22.6

[6] Diodorus Siculus, 5.50.6–51.2

[7] Parthenius, 19 from the 2nd book of the Naxiaca of Andriscus

[8] Apollodorus, 1.7.4

[9] Diodorus Siculus, 5.50.6–51.2; Parthenius, 19 from the 2nd book of the Naxiaca of Andriscus

[Homer,_Odyssey,_11._305-10] Homer, Odyssey 11.305

[11] Pietro Scarpi, "Un teonimo miceneo e le sue implicazioni per la mitologia greca," Bolletino dell'Istituto di Filologia greca dell'Università di Padova 2 (1975) 230-51

[12] Pylos Tn 316 inscription

[13] "The Linear B word i-pe-me-de-ja". Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of Ancient languages. Raymoure, K.A. "Pylos PY Tn Linear B Series". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. Archived from the original on 2013-10-13. Retrieved 2014-03-13. "PY 316 Tn (44)". DĀMOS Database of Mycenaean at Oslo. University of Oslo.

[14] Pausanias, 10.28.8

[15] Pausanias, 9.22.6

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Person in Greek mythology}}
-{{Redirect|Iphimedia|the arthropod genus of the [[Amphipod]]a|Iphimedia (arthropod)}}
+{{Redirect|Iphimedia|the arthropod genus|Iphimedia (crustacean)}}
-{{special characters}}
+{{Infobox deity
+| type = Greek
+| name = Iphimedia
+| image =
+| caption =
+| deity_of = Princess of [[Ancient Thessaly|Thessaly]]
+| abode = Thessaly
+| consort = (1) [[Poseidon]]<br>(2) [[Aloeus]]
+| parents = [[Triopas]] and [[Hiscilla]]
+| siblings = [[Erysichthon of Thessaly|Erysichthon]] and [[Phorbas of Thessaly|Phorbas]]
+| children = (1) [[Aloadae]] (Otus and Ephialtes)<br>(2) Aloadae and [[Pancratis]] ([[Pancrato]])
+| successor =
+| predecessor =
+| member_of = the Thessalian Royal Family
+| other_names = Iphimede, Iphimedea, Iphimedia
+}}{{special characters}}
-In [[Greek mythology]], '''Iphimedeia''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɪ|f|ᵻ|m|ᵻ|ˈ|d|aɪ|ə}}; [[Ancient Greek]]: Ἰφιμέδεια) was a [[Ancient Thessaly|Thessalian]] princess. She was attested in [[Homer]]'s ''[[Odyssey]]'' in the [[Catalogue of women]] as being a mortal.
+In [[Greek mythology]], '''Iphimedeia''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɪ|f|ᵻ|m|ᵻ|ˈ|d|aɪ|ə}}; [[Ancient Greek]]: Ἰφιμέδεια) or '''Iphimede''' (Ἰφιμέδη) was a [[Ancient Thessaly|Thessalian]] princess. She was attested in [[Homer]]'s ''[[Odyssey]]'' in the [[Catalogue of women]] as being a mortal.
 == Family ==
-Iphimedia was the daughter of [[Triopas]] of [[Thessaly]] (a son of [[Poseidon]] and [[Canace]]) and probably by [[Hiscilla]], daughter of King [[Myrmidon (hero)|Myrmidon]]<ref>Hyginus, [[De Astronomica|''De'' ''Astronomica'']] 2.14.5</ref> of [[Phthia]]. Her possible brothers were [[Erysichthon of Thessaly|Erysichthon]]<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' 8.756</ref> and [[Phorbas of Thessaly|Phorbas]].<ref>''Homeric Hymns to Apollo'' 3.211</ref> She became the wife of [[Aloeus]], who was also her paternal uncle.
+Iphimedia was the daughter of [[Triopas]] of [[Thessaly]] (a son of [[Poseidon]] and [[Canace]]) and probably by [[Hiscilla]], daughter of King [[Myrmidon (hero)|Myrmidon]] of [[Phthia]].<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], [[De Astronomica|''De'' ''Astronomica'']] [https://topostext.org/work/207#2.14.5 2.14.5]</ref> Her possible brothers were [[Erysichthon of Thessaly|Erysichthon]]<ref>[[Callimachus]], ''Hymn to Demeter'' [https://topostext.org/work/125#31 31–32] & [https://topostext.org/work/125#96 96-100]</ref> and [[Phorbas of Thessaly|Phorbas]].<ref>''Homeric Hymns to Apollo'' [https://topostext.org/work/356#207 3.211]</ref>
+Iphimedea had by [[Poseidon]] the twins [[Aloadae|Otus and Ephialtes]] who were called the Aloadae after their stepfather.<ref name=":0">[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+11.271&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136:book=:chapter=&highlight=Iphimedeia 11.305]; [[Pindar]], ''Pythian Ode'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Pind.+P.+4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162:book=:chapter=&highlight=Iphimedeia 4.89]; Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#28 28]</ref> One account called these men's natural father as [[Aloeus]], husband and paternal uncle of Iphimede.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+9.22.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Iphimedeia 9.22.6]</ref> The latter mothered as well [[Pancratis]]<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#50.6 5.50.6]–[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#51.1 51.2]</ref> (or [[Pancrato]]<ref>[[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]], [https://topostext.org/work/550#19 19]  from the 2nd book of the ''Naxiaca'' of Andriscus</ref>) to Aloeus. She was probably also the mother of [[Elate (mythology)|Elate]] and [[Platanus (mythology)|Platanus]], the sisters of the Aloadae.
 == Mythology ==
-Iphimedeia also fell in love with Poseidon and would often come to the sea shore and pour the sea water in her lap, until the god came and answered her feelings (cf. the story of [[Tyro]]).<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.7.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=1:chapter=7&highlight=Iphimedia 1.7.4]</ref> With [[Poseidon]] she was the mother of [[Aloadae|Otus and Ephialtes]] (who were called the Aloadae after their stepfather),<ref>Homer, ''Odyssey'' 11.305; [[Pindar]], ''Pythian Ode'' 4.89; [[Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' 28</ref> as well as [[Cercyon]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} and the bandit [[Sciron]]{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}}. One account calls Aloeus natural father of the Aloadae.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Graeciae Descriptio'' 9.22.6</ref>
+=== Early years ===
-With Aloeus, Iphimedeia had a daughter [[Pancratis]] (or [[Pancrato]]), renowned for her beauty. When she and her daughter were participating in the celebration of the [[orgia|orgies]] of [[Dionysus]], they were carried off by the companions of the Thracian [[Butes]] and brought to the island of Strongyle (later [[Naxos (island)|Naxos]]), where Pancratis was given in marriage to the new king [[Agassamenus]] and Iphimedia to a friend and lieutenant of his. Two other leaders, [[Sicelus]] and [[Hecetorus]], had fought over Pancratis and killed each other (or else they were [[Scellis]] and Agassamenus himself). Soon after, Otus and Ephialtes, sent by Aloeus, defeated the Thracians and rescued their mother and sister; but Pancratis died not much later.<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]], ''[[Bibliotheca historica]]'' 5.50.6–51.2; [[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]], ''Erotica Pathemata'' 19</ref>
+Iphimedeia also fell in love with Poseidon, god of the sea, and would often come to the sea shore where she poured the sea water in her lap, until the god came and answered her feelings (cf. the story of [[Tyro]]).<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.7.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=1:chapter=7&highlight=Iphimedia 1.7.4]</ref>
+=== Thracian abduction ===
-==Connection with Hekate==
+Iphimedia's daughter Pancratis was renowned for her beauty. When the two participated in the celebration of the [[orgia|orgies]] of [[Dionysus]] near Drius in [[Achaea Phthiotis]], they were carried off by the companions of the [[Thracians|Thracian]] king [[Butes]] and brought to the island of Strongyle (later [[Naxos (island)|Naxos]]) where Pancratis was given in marriage to the new king [[Agassamenus]] and Iphimedia to a friend and lieutenant of his. Two other leaders, [[Sicelus]] and [[Hecetorus]], had fought over Pancratis and killed each other (or else they were [[Scellis]] and Agassamenus themselves). Soon after, Otus and Ephialtes, sent by Aloeus, defeated the Thracians and rescued their mother and sister but Pancratis died not much later.<ref>Diodorus Siculus, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#50.6 5.50.6]–[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/5D*.html#51.1 51.2]; Parthenius, [https://topostext.org/work/550#19 19]  from the 2nd book of the ''Naxiaca'' of Andriscus</ref>
-According to Pietro Scarpi, Iphimedeia should be placed in the chthonic realm as a double of [[Hekate]].<ref>Pietro Scarpi, "Un teonimo miceneo e le sue implicazioni per la mitologia greca," Bolletino dell'Istituto di Filologia greca dell'Università di Padova 2 (1975) 230-51</ref>
+=== Connection with Hekate ===
-Iphimedeia was one of the heroines whose spirits [[Odysseus]] encountered at the entrance of the [[Greek underworld|Underworld]].<ref name="Homer, Odyssey, 11. 305">[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' 11.305</ref>
+Iphimedeia was one of the heroines whose spirits [[Odysseus]] encountered at the entrance of the [[Greek underworld|Underworld]].<ref name="Homer, Odyssey, 11. 305">Homer, ''Odyssey'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+11.271&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0136:book=:chapter=&highlight=Iphimedeia 11.305]</ref>
+According to Pietro Scarpi, Iphimedeia should be placed in the chthonic realm as a double of [[Hekate]].<ref>Pietro Scarpi, "Un teonimo miceneo e le sue implicazioni per la mitologia greca," Bolletino dell'Istituto di Filologia greca dell'Università di Padova 2 (1975) 230-51</ref>
 ==Ancient cults==
-Her name seems to be attested in [[Mycenaean Greek]] in the [[Linear B]] [[syllabic script]] at [[Pylos]] in the form {{lang|gmy|𐀂𐀟𐀕𐀆𐀊}}, ''i-pe-me-de-ja''.<ref>Pylos Tn 316 inscription</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of Ancient languages|url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=17017|title=The Linear B word i-pe-me-de-ja}} {{cite web|last=Raymoure|first=K.A.|url=http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/linear-b-transliterations/pylos/py-t/py-tn/|title=Pylos PY Tn Linear B Series|work=Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B|publisher=Deaditerranean}} {{cite web|url=https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/4985|website=DĀMOS Database of Mycenaean at Oslo|publisher=[[University of Oslo]]|title=PY 316 Tn (44)}}</ref>
+Her name seems to be attested in [[Mycenaean Greek]] in the [[Linear B]] [[syllabic script]] at [[Pylos]] in the form {{lang|gmy|𐀂𐀟𐀕𐀆𐀊}}, ''i-pe-me-de-ja''.<ref>Pylos Tn 316 inscription</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of Ancient languages|url=http://www.palaeolexicon.com/ShowWord.aspx?Id=17017|title=The Linear B word i-pe-me-de-ja}} {{cite web|last=Raymoure|first=K.A.|url=http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/linear-b-transliterations/pylos/py-t/py-tn/|title=Pylos PY Tn Linear B Series|work=Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B|publisher=Deaditerranean|access-date=2014-03-13|archive-date=2013-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013060200/http://minoan.deaditerranean.com/linear-b-transliterations/pylos/py-t/py-tn/|url-status=dead}} {{cite web|url=https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/4985|website=DĀMOS Database of Mycenaean at Oslo|publisher=[[University of Oslo]]|title=PY 316 Tn (44)}}</ref>
-[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] mentions a painting of Iphimedeia by [[Polygnotus]], and remarks that she was honored by the [[Caria]]ns in [[Mylasa]].<ref>Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio'' 10.28.8</ref>
+[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] mentions a painting of Iphimedeia by [[Polygnotus]], and remarks that she was honored by the [[Caria]]ns in [[Mylasa]].<ref>Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+10.28.8&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Iphimedeia 10.28.8]</ref>
-The tomb of Iphimedeia and her sons was shown at [[Anthedon (Boeotia)|Anthedon]] in [[Boetia]].<ref>Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio'' 9.22.6</ref>
+The tomb of Iphimedeia and her sons was shown at [[Anthedon (Boeotia)|Anthedon]] in [[Boetia]].<ref>Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.9.22.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Iphimedeia 9.22.6]</ref>
 ==Notes==
@@ Line 41: / Line 62: @@
 *[[Ovid|Publius Ovidius Naso]], ''Metamorphoses'' translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0028 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
 *Publius Ovidius Naso, ''Metamorphoses.'' Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0029 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
+[[Category:Princesses in Greek mythology]]
 [[Category:Family of Canace]]
 [[Category:Mortal parents of demigods in classical mythology]]
-[[Category:Women in Greek mythology]]
+[[Category:Mythological Thessalians]]
 [[Category:Characters in the Odyssey]]
-[[Category:Thessalian characters in Greek mythology]]
+[[Category:Thessalian mythology]]
-[[Category:Characters in Greek mythology]]
+[[Category:Hecate]]