1904 Cardiganshire County Council election: Difference between revisions
Adding local short description: "1904 Welsh local election", overriding Wikidata description "County Council elections, Cardiganshire, March 1904" |
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{{Short description|1904 Welsh local election}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
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{{TOC right}} |
{{TOC right}} |
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==Overview of the Result== |
==Overview of the Result== |
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The election was dominated by the controversy over the Education Act and the funding of church schools. In some quarters, candidates were described as 'Progressive' or 'Sectarian' rather than on party lines.<ref name="WG 3-10-04 noms">{{cite news|title=Cardiganshire County Council. The Forthcoming Election|url=http://welshnewspapers.llgc.org.uk/en/page/view/3864181/ART18| |
The election was dominated by the controversy over the Education Act and the funding of church schools. In some quarters, candidates were described as 'Progressive' or 'Sectarian' rather than on party lines.<ref name="WG 3-10-04 noms">{{cite news|title=Cardiganshire County Council. The Forthcoming Election|url=http://welshnewspapers.llgc.org.uk/en/page/view/3864181/ART18|date=3 October 1904|newspaper=Welsh Gazette|accessdate=3 March 2014}}</ref> However, as in previous elections, there was a large Liberal majority, which was assured once the unopposed returns had been confirmed. |
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==Unopposed Returns== |
==Unopposed Returns== |
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==The New Council== |
==The New Council== |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary begin|title = Cardiganshire County Council 1904 : elected members}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
|plus/minus = |
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}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Liberal Unionist |
|party = Liberal Unionist |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
|plus/minus = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Independent (politician) |
|party = Independent (politician) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary begin|title = Cardiganshire County Council 1904 : elected members and sitting aldermen}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
|plus/minus = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
|plus/minus = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Liberal Unionist |
|party = Liberal Unionist |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
|plus/minus = |
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}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Independent (politician) |
|party = Independent (politician) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary begin|title = Cardiganshire County Council 1904 : following election of new aldermen and by-elections}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
|plus/minus = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
|plus/minus = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Liberal Unionist |
|party = Liberal Unionist |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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|plus/minus = |
|plus/minus = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party| |
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|party = Independent (politician) |
|party = Independent (politician) |
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|seats = |
|seats = |
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J.M. Howell, whose term as alderman had come to an end, was elected unopposed for a seat that was previously held by a Conservative. |
J.M. Howell, whose term as alderman had come to an end, was elected unopposed for a seat that was previously held by a Conservative. |
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{{Election box begin | title = Aeron 1904}} |
{{Election box begin | title = Aeron 1904}} |
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{{Election box candidate with party link |
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |
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|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|candidate = |
|candidate = [[John Morgan Howell]]** |
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|votes = |
|votes = Unopposed |
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|percentage = |
|percentage = ''N/A'' |
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|change = |
|change = ''N/A'' |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election box gain with party link| |
{{Election box gain with party link no swing| |
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|winner = Liberal Party (UK) |
|winner = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|loser=Conservative Party (UK) |
|loser = Conservative Party (UK) |
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|swing = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
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{{Election box begin | title = [[Llandygwydd]] 1904 }} |
{{Election box begin | title = [[Llandygwydd]] 1904 }} |
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{{Election box candidate with party link |
{{Election box candidate with party link |
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|party = |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|candidate = '''Thomas Evans''' |
|candidate = '''Thomas Evans''' |
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|votes = 181 |
|votes = 181 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election box hold with party link| |
{{Election box hold with party link| |
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|winner =Liberal Party (UK) |
|winner = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|swing = |
|swing = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election box candidate with party link |
{{Election box candidate with party link |
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|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|candidate = ''D.S. Davies''' |
|candidate = '''D.S. Davies''' |
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|votes = 176 |
|votes = 176 |
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|percentage = |
|percentage = |
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===Llanfarian=== |
===Llanfarian=== |
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{{Election box begin | title = [[Llanfarian]] 1904 }} |
{{Election box begin | title = [[Llanfarian]] 1904 }} |
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{{Election box candidate with party link |
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |
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|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|candidate = |
|candidate = [[Matthew Lewis Vaughan-Davies, 1st Baron Ystwyth|Vaughan Davies]] |
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|votes = |
|votes = Unopposed |
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|percentage = |
|percentage = ''N/A'' |
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|change = |
|change = ''N/A'' |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election box hold with party link| |
{{Election box hold with party link no swing| |
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|winner = Liberal Party (UK) |
|winner = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|swing = |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election box end}} |
{{Election box end}} |
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===Llansantffraed=== |
===Llansantffraed=== |
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{{Election box begin | title = [[Llansantffraed]] 1904}} |
{{Election box begin | title = [[Llansantffraid, Ceredigion|Llansantffraed]] 1904}} |
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{{Election box candidate with party link |
{{Election box candidate with party link |
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|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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*Dr. Jenkyn Lewis.(elected councillor for Cilcennin) |
*Dr. Jenkyn Lewis.(elected councillor for Cilcennin) |
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== |
==1904 by-elections following the election of aldermen== |
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At Cilcennin and Llanfarian Conservative candidates were elected unopposed to fill Liberal vacancies. While one local paper said it 'spoke well' of the Liberals to allow political opponents to take the two seats, including that previously held by the sitting Liberal MP, it also reflected the decline of partisan politics in the county since 1889.<ref name="AO 7-4-04 by-el">{{cite news|title=Cardiganshire County Council. Bye-Elections.|url=http://welshnewspapers.llgc.org.uk/en/page/view/3049110/ART54|accessdate=15 October 2014|newspaper=Aberystwyth Observer|date=7 April 1904}}</ref> |
At Cilcennin and Llanfarian Conservative candidates were elected unopposed to fill Liberal vacancies. While one local paper said it 'spoke well' of the Liberals to allow political opponents to take the two seats, including that previously held by the sitting Liberal MP, it also reflected the decline of partisan politics in the county since 1889.<ref name="AO 7-4-04 by-el">{{cite news|title=Cardiganshire County Council. Bye-Elections.|url=http://welshnewspapers.llgc.org.uk/en/page/view/3049110/ART54|accessdate=15 October 2014|newspaper=Aberystwyth Observer|date=7 April 1904}}</ref> |
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{{Election box candidate with party link |
{{Election box candidate with party link |
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|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|candidate = Francis Evans |
|candidate = '''Francis Evans''' |
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|votes = 124 |
|votes = 124 |
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|percentage = |
|percentage = |
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{{Election box candidate with party link |
{{Election box candidate with party link |
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|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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|candidate = Price Lewes |
|candidate = '''Price Lewes''' |
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|votes = unopposed |
|votes = unopposed |
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|percentage = |
|percentage = |
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{{Election box candidate with party link |
{{Election box candidate with party link |
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|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
|party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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|candidate = Edward Powell |
|candidate = '''Edward Powell''' |
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|votes = unopposed |
|votes = unopposed |
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|percentage = |
|percentage = |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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{{Dyfed elections}} |
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==Bibliography== |
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{{United Kingdom local elections, 1904}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Ceredigion County Council elections|1904]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1904 Welsh local elections]] |
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[[Category:20th century in Ceredigion]] |
Latest revision as of 22:02, 17 September 2024
The sixth election for Cardiganshire County Council took place in March 1904. They were preceded by the 1901 election and followed by the 1907 election
Overview of the Result
[edit]The election was dominated by the controversy over the Education Act and the funding of church schools. In some quarters, candidates were described as 'Progressive' or 'Sectarian' rather than on party lines.[1] However, as in previous elections, there was a large Liberal majority, which was assured once the unopposed returns had been confirmed.
Unopposed Returns
[edit]There were a large number of unopposed returns.[2]
Gains and Losses
[edit]A few seats were lost by Liberals.
Contested Elections
[edit]contested elections were mostly won by Liberals.[3]
Retiring Aldermen
[edit]Eight aldermen retired, all of whom were Liberals apart from Sir Marteine Lloyd. Peter Jones, J.M. Howell, Walter T. Davies and the Rev T. Mason Jones stood in the election but were not re-elected aldermen. Sir Marteine Lloyd, Evan Richards and Rev John Williams were re-elected without facing the electorate. John Powell stood down.
The New Council
[edit]Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | |||||||||
Conservative | |||||||||
Liberal Unionist | |||||||||
Independent |
Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | |||||||||
Conservative | |||||||||
Liberal Unionist | |||||||||
Independent |
Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | |||||||||
Conservative | |||||||||
Liberal Unionist | |||||||||
Independent |
Results
[edit]Aberaeron
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | J. Lima Jones* | 168 | |||
Liberal | D. Jones | 100 | |||
Majority | 68 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Aberbanc
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Evan Davies* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Aberporth
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Watkins* | 84 | |||
Liberal | Joshua Hughes | 60 | |||
Majority | 68 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Aberystwyth Division 1
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | R.J. Jones* | unopposed | |||
Unionist hold | Swing |
Aberystwyth Division 2
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | D.C. Roberts* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Aberystwyth Division 3
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Robert Ellis* | 172 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Aberystwyth Division 4
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | E.H. James* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Aeron
[edit]J.M. Howell, whose term as alderman had come to an end, was elected unopposed for a seat that was previously held by a Conservative.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | John Morgan Howell** | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Liberal gain from Conservative |
Borth
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Richard James | unopposed | |||
Conservative hold | Swing |
Bow Street
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | A. Howell | 119 | |||
Conservative | Henry Bonsall* | 72 | |||
Majority | 47 | ||||
Liberal gain from Ind. Conservative | Swing |
Cardigan North
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | O. Beynon Evans* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Cardigan South
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | James Stephens* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Cilcennin
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Dr Jenkin Lewis | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Cwmrheidol
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | William Evans* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Devil's Bridge
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Rev T. Mason Jones** | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Felinfach
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Walter Thomas Davies** | 135 | |||
Liberal | John Jones | 98 | |||
Unionist | D. Jones | 75 | |||
Majority | 23 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Goginan
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Joseph Parry | unopposed | |||
Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing |
Lampeter Borough
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Rev Ll.J. Bebb | 210 | |||
Liberal | Rev R.C. Jones | 182 | |||
Majority | 28 | ||||
Conservative hold | Swing |
Llanarth
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Morgan Evans* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llanbadarn Fawr
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | J.J. Bonsall* | unopposed | |||
Conservative hold | Swing |
Llanddewi Brefi
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | R.S. Rowland | 136 | |||
Liberal | David Davies* | 115 | |||
Majority | 68 | ||||
Unionist gain from Liberal | Swing |
Llandygwydd
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Evans | 181 | |||
Conservative | E. Williams | 85 | |||
Majority | 96 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llandysul North
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Jenkin Jones | 147 | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llandysul South
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | William Davies | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llansysiliogogo
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Tom Parry | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llanfair Clydogau
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | D.S. Davies | 176 | |||
Unionist | William Rees* | 93 | |||
Majority | 83 | ||||
Liberal gain from Unionist | Swing |
Llanfarian
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Vaughan Davies | Unopposed | N/A | N/A | |
Liberal hold |
Llanfihangel y Creuddyn
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | David Morgans | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llangoedmor
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | D. Samuel Jones | 140 | |||
Liberal | D. Samuel Jones | 70 | |||
Majority | 68 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llangeitho
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Davies* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llangrannog
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Evans* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llanilar
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Benjamin Jones* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llanrhystyd
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | E.J. Evans | 139 | |||
Conservative | D. Morgan James* | 129 | |||
Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing |
Llanllwchaiarn
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Evan Lewis | 110 | |||
Liberal | Rev D. Evans | 45 | |||
Majority | 68 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llansantffraed
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Evan James Price | unopposed | |||
Conservative hold | Swing |
Llanwnen
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | David Evans | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Llanwenog
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | James Jones* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Lledrod
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | D.L. Jones | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Nantcwnlle
[edit]Dr Evan Evans, sitting member for Felinfach, switched to Nantcwnlle, allowing retiring alderman Walter Thomas Davies to contest Felinfach.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Dr Evan Evans* | 169 | |||
Unionist | Rev D Edwards | 71 | |||
Majority | 68 | ||||
Liberal gain from Conservative | Swing |
New Quay
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Evan James Davies* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Penbryn
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | David Jones* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Strata Florida
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Edward Evans* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Taliesin
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unionist | Dr James | 134 | |||
Liberal | David Williams* | 79 | |||
Majority | 68 | ||||
Unionist gain from Liberal | Swing |
Talybont
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Edward Jones* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Trefeurig
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Peter Jones** | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Tregaron
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Dr Evan Lloyd* | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Troedyraur
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Daniel Evans | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Ysbyty Ystwyth
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Morgan Thomas | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Election of Aldermen
[edit]Once again a number of aldermen who had not faced the electorate were elected.[4] Evan Richards was elected aldermen for a third term (although he had not faced the electorate since 1892) and Sir Marteine Lloyd and the Rev John Williams for a second term. The other five aldermen were new appointments, including Thomas Morris who had not contested the election. Peter Jones (an alderman since 1889 although he had always sought re-election) and J.M. Howell (an alderman since 1898) were two prominent figures who were re-elected as councillors but not as aldermen.
The following were elected:
- Sir Marteine Lloyd, Conservative. (retiring alderman, from outside Council - did not seek election)
- Edward Evans, Liberal (elected councillor for Strada Florida)
- Vaughan Davies, M.P., (elected councillor for Llanfarian)
- Thomas Morris. (from outside the Council, retiring member for Troedyraur)
- Lima Jones (elected councillor for Aberaeron)
- Evan Richards, (retiring alderman, from outside Council - did not seek election)
- Rev. John Williams (retiring alderman, from outside Council - did not seek election)
- Dr. Jenkyn Lewis.(elected councillor for Cilcennin)
1904 by-elections following the election of aldermen
[edit]At Cilcennin and Llanfarian Conservative candidates were elected unopposed to fill Liberal vacancies. While one local paper said it 'spoke well' of the Liberals to allow political opponents to take the two seats, including that previously held by the sitting Liberal MP, it also reflected the decline of partisan politics in the county since 1889.[5]
Aberaeron by-election
[edit]Following Lima Jones's election as alderman, three candidates contested the by-election.[5]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Francis Evans | 124 | |||
Liberal | John Davies | 98 | |||
Conservative | D. Pennant James | 48 | |||
Majority | 26 | ||||
Liberal hold | Swing |
Cilcennin by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Price Lewes | unopposed | |||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing |
Llanfarian by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | Edward Powell | unopposed | |||
Conservative gain from Liberal | Swing |
Strata Florida by-election
[edit]Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal | Thomas Jones | unopposed | |||
Liberal hold | Swing |
References
[edit]- ^ "Cardiganshire County Council. The Forthcoming Election". Welsh Gazette. 3 October 1904. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ "County Council Elections". Cambrian News. 4 March 1904. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
- ^ "The County Council Elections. Cardiganshire". Cambrian News. 11 March 1904. Retrieved 29 September 2014.
- ^ "Cardiganshire County Council". Cambrian News. 18 March 1904. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ a b "Cardiganshire County Council. Bye-Elections". Aberystwyth Observer. 7 April 1904. Retrieved 15 October 2014.