Mother (video game series): Difference between revisions

Mother
Mother
Genre(s)	Role-playing
Developer(s)	Ape; HAL Laboratory; Brownie Brown;
Publisher(s)	Nintendo
Creator(s)	Shigesato Itoi
Composer(s)	Keiichi Suzuki; Hirokazu Tanaka; Shogo Sakai;
Platform(s)	Family Computer; Super Nintendo Entertainment System; Game Boy Advance;
First release	Mother; July 27, 1989
Latest release	Mother 3; April 20, 2006

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Mother^[a] (known as EarthBound outside Japan) is a video game series that consists of three role-playing video games: Mother (1989), known as EarthBound Beginnings outside Japan, for the Family Computer; Mother 2 (1994), known as EarthBound outside Japan, for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System; and Mother 3 (2006) for the Game Boy Advance.

Written by Shigesato Itoi, published by Nintendo, and featuring game mechanics modeled on the Dragon Quest series, Mother is known for its sense of humor, originality, and parody. The player uses weapons and psychic powers to fight hostile enemies, which include animated everyday objects, aliens and brainwashed people. Signature elements of the series include a lighthearted approach to the plot, battle sequences with psychedelic backgrounds, and the "rolling HP meter": player health ticks down like an odometer rather than instantly being subtracted, allowing the player to take preventative action, such as healing or finishing the battle, before the damage is fully dealt. While the franchise is popular in Japan, in the Anglosphere it is best associated with the cult following behind EarthBound.

While visiting Nintendo for other business, Itoi approached Shigeru Miyamoto about making Mother. When approved for a sequel, Itoi increased his involvement in the design process over the five-year development of EarthBound. When the project began to flounder, producer and later Nintendo president Satoru Iwata rescued the game. EarthBound's English localizers were given great liberties when translating the Japanese game's cultural allusions. The American version sold poorly despite a multimillion-dollar marketing budget. Mother 3 was originally slated for release on the Nintendo 64 and its 64DD disk drive accessory, but was cancelled in 2000. Three years later, the project was reannounced for the Game Boy Advance alongside a rerelease of Mother and Mother 2 in the combined cartridge Mother 1 + 2. Mother 3 abandoned the 3D graphics progress for a 2D style, and became a bestseller upon its release. EarthBound was rereleased for the Wii U Virtual Console in 2013, and Mother received its English-language debut for the same platform in 2015, retitled EarthBound Beginnings. In 2022, Nintendo released Mother 1 and 2 to their Nintendo Switch Online service. Mother 3 later came to the service exclusively in Japan in 2024.^[1]

EarthBound is widely regarded as a video game classic, and is included in multiple top-ten lists. In absence of continued official support for the series, members of the EarthBound fan community organized online to advocate for further series releases through petitions and fan art. Their projects include a full fan translation of Mother 3, a full-length documentary, and fangame attempts. Ness, the protagonist of EarthBound and Lucas, the protagonist of Mother 3, received exposure from their inclusion in all five entries of the Super Smash Bros. series. Other Mother series locations and characters have made appearances in the fighting games.

Gameplay

The series is known for its combination of humorous and emotionally evocative tones.^[2] Itoi wanted to tell Mother 3 through a technique that swapped the active player-character, which he first attempted in EarthBound.^[3] The two games also share similar visual styles,^[4]^[5] both with psychedelic battle backgrounds and cartoonish art.^[4] While Mother 3's music is both similar in tone to its predecessors and completely new, it features similar sound effects.^[4] EarthBound characters such as Mr. Saturn recur, and RPGamer wrote that Mother 3's final chapter is "full of blatant links" between the games of the series.^[6] Mother also shares similarities with its sequel, such as the game save option through phoning Ninten's father, an option to store items with Ninten's sister at home, and an automated teller machine for banking money. Additionally, the members of the party follow behind the protagonist on the overworld screen in the first two games. Ninten's party members in Mother are analogous to those of EarthBound in style and function.^[7]

While Mother's battles were triggered through random encounters,^[8] EarthBound and early Mother 3 shared battle scene triggers, where physical contact with an enemy in the overworld began a turn-based battle scene shown in the first-person.^[9] Apart from Mother 3's rhythm and combo battle mechanic, the two game's battle systems are similar.^[4] Mother 3 also retains the "rolling HP meter" of EarthBound (where health ticks down like an odometer such that players can outrun the meter to heal before dying/fainting) but removes the feature where experience is automatically awarded before battles against much weaker foes.^[6] Recurring through the series is its signature "SMAAAASH" text and sound, which show when the player registers a critical hit.^[7]

Some characters are present in multiple entries of the series, such as Giygas, Mr. Saturn, and Pokey/Porky. Giygas is the primary antagonist in both Mother and EarthBound. The alien creature's emotional complexity deviates from genre norms. Giygas shows internal conflict in Mother and has no appearance but as an "indescribable" force in EarthBound's final boss battle.^[10] In both final battles, Giygas is defeated through love and prayer instead of through a tour de force of weaponry, unlike the endings of other period games.^[10] Nadia Oxford wrote for IGN that nearly two decades later, EarthBound's final fight against Giygas continues to be "one of the most epic video game standoffs of all time" with noted emotional impact.^[11] This battle's dialogue was based on Itoi's recollections of a traumatic scene from the Shintoho film The Military Policeman and the Dismembered Beauty that he had accidentally seen in his childhood.^[12] Oxford wrote for 1UP.com that Itoi intended to show the alien's yearning for love in "a manner ... beyond human understanding".^[10] Despite EarthBound and Mother 3's dissimilar settings, the Mr. Saturn fictional species appear in similar Saturn Valleys in both games. The Mr. Saturn look like an old man's head with feet, a large nose, and bald except for a single hair with a bow. Though they are a technologically advanced and peaceful species with a pureness of heart, they are under constant attacks from encroaching enemies. Nadia and David Oxford of 1UP.com considered the Mr. Saturn to be aliens despite their human-like and fleshy appearance, as described a piece arguing the central theme of aliens in the Mother series. They compared the Mr. Saturn to Kurt Vonnegut's Tralfamadorian alien species.^[10] Finally, Pokey begins as Ness's child neighbor who "cowers" and "refuses to fight" in EarthBound, but grows into a "vicious control freak with no regard for human life", Porky, by the end of the series' Mother 3.^[11]

Music

The soundtracks for Mother and EarthBound were composed by Keiichi Suzuki and Hirokazu Tanaka.^[13]^[14] The Mother soundtrack was likened by RPGFan reviewer Patrick Gann to compositions by the Beatles and for children's television shows. He found the lyrics "cheesy and trite" but appreciated the "simple statements" in "Eight Melodies" and the "quirky and wonderful" "Magicant".^[13] The Mother soundtrack contains several tracks later used in subsequent series games.^[7] When Suzuki and Tanaka were unavailable to commit to Mother 3's soundtrack, Itoi chose Shogo Sakai for his experience with and understanding of the series. Sakai worked to make the music feel similar to previous entries in the series.^[15] Kyle Miller of RPGFan wrote that the game retained the quirkiness of the previous soundtracks in the series despite the change in composers. He felt that the second half of the album, which included reinterpreted "classics" from the series, to be its strongest.^[14] RPGamer's Jordan Jackson too found that the music was "just as catchy as previous games" despite being "almost completely new".^[4] Luke Plunkett of Kotaku credited Suzuki's background outside of games composition as a rock star and film scorer for making the music of Mother and EarthBound "so distinct and memorable" as "a synthesized tribute to 20th-century pop music".^[2]

Development

Release timeline
1990–1993
1989	Mother
1994	Mother 2
1995	EarthBound
1996–2002
2003	Mother 1 + 2
2004–2005
2006	Mother 3
2007–2014
2015	EarthBound Beginnings

Mother

While visiting Nintendo for other work, celebrity copywriter Shigesato Itoi pitched to the company's lead designer, Shigeru Miyamoto, his idea for a role-playing game set in modern times. The contemporary setting worked against role-playing genre norms, and while Miyamoto liked the idea, he was hesitant until Itoi could show full commitment to the project. Itoi reduced his workload, formed a team, and began development in Ichikawa, Chiba. Nintendo tried to accommodate Itoi's ideal work environment to feel more like an extracurricular club of volunteers.^[3] Itoi wrote the game's script.^[8] The game, titled Mother, was developed by Ape, published by Nintendo,^[16] and released in Japan on July 27, 1989, for the Famicom^[17] (known as the Nintendo Entertainment System outside Japan).^[16] The game was slated for an English-language localization as Earth Bound, but was abandoned when Nintendo chose to focus on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System instead.^[8] Years later, the complete localization was recovered by the public and distributed on the Internet, where it became known as EarthBound Zero.^[8] Mother received its English language debut in June 2015 as EarthBound Beginnings for the Wii U Virtual Console.^[18]

Mother is a single-player role-playing video game^[16] set in a "slightly offbeat", late 20th-century United States (as interpreted by Itoi).^[8] Unlike its Japanese role-playing game contemporaries, Mother is not set in a fantasy genre. The player fights in warehouses and laboratories instead of in dungeons and similar fantasy settings, and battles are fought with baseball bats and psychic abilities instead of swords and magic. Mother follows the young Ninten as he uses psychic powers^[8] to fight hostile, formerly inanimate objects and other enemies.^[7] The game uses random encounters to enter a menu-based, first-person perspective battle system.^[8]

EarthBound

Mother 2 was made with a development team different from that of the original game,^[3] and most of its members were unmarried and willing to work through nights on the project.^[19] Itoi again wrote the game's script and served as a designer.^[20] The game's five-year development exceeded time estimates and came under repeated threat of cancellation.^[21] It was in dire straits until producer Satoru Iwata joined the team.^[3]^[b] Mother 2 was developed by Ape and HAL, published by Nintendo,^[23] and released in Japan's Super Famicom on August 27, 1994.^[24] The game was translated into English for North American audiences^[25] whereupon it became the only Mother series game to be released in North America until the later localization of Mother as EarthBound Beginnings.^[23] The localizers were given liberties to translate the Japanese script's cultural allusions to Western audiences as they pleased, and symbolism was also modified between the versions to adapt to Western sensitivities.^[25]^[26] To avoid confusion about the series' numbering, its English title was changed to EarthBound,^[25] and was released on June 5, 1995, for the North American Super Nintendo Entertainment System.^[26]

Although Nintendo spent about $2 million on marketing,^[20] the American release was ultimately viewed as unsuccessful within Nintendo.^[26] EarthBound was released when role-playing games were not popular in the United States,^[26]^[27] and visual taste in role-playing games was closer to Chrono Trigger and Final Fantasy VI.^[26] EarthBound's atypical "this game stinks" marketing campaign was derived from the game's unusual humor and included foul-smelling scratch and sniff advertisements.^[28] 1UP.com called the campaign "infamously ill-conceived".^[27] Between the poor sales and the dwindling support for the Super NES, the game did not receive a European release.^[20]

The Mother series titles are built on what Itoi considered "reckless wildness", where he would offer ideas that encouraged his staff to contribute new ways of portraying scenes in the video game medium.^[29] He saw the titles foremost as games and not "big scenario scripts".^[29] Itoi has said that he wanted the player feel emotions such as "distraught" when playing the game.^[29] The game's writing was intentionally "quirky and goofy" in character,^[25] and written in the Japanese kana script so as to give dialogue a conversational feel. Itoi thought of the default player-character names when he did not like his team's suggestions. Many of the characters were based on real-life personalities.^[21] Itoi sought to make the game appeal to populations that played games less, such as girls.^[21]

Earthbound's story is a continuation of Mother's, featuring many of the same antagonists and monsters.^[30] By default, the player starts as a young boy named Ness,^[31] who finds that the alien force Giygas (/ˈɡiːɡəs, ˈɡaɪɡəs/ GHEE-gəs, GHY-gəs)^[32]^[33] has enveloped the world in hatred and consequently turned animals, humans, and objects into malicious creatures. Buzz Buzz, a bee from the future, instructs Ness to collect melodies in a Sound Stone to preemptively stop the force.^[29] While visiting the eight Sanctuaries where the melodies are held,^[11] Ness meets three other kids named Paula, Jeff, and Poo—"a psychic girl, an eccentric inventor, and a ponytailed martial artist", respectively^[29]—who join his party.^[31] Along the way, Ness encounters the cultists of Happy Happy Village, the zombie-infested Threed, the Winters boarding school, and the kingdom of Dalaam.^[11] When the Sound Stone is filled,^[34] Ness visits Magicant alone, a surreal location in his mind where he fights his dark side.^[11] Upon returning to Eagleland, he prepares to travel back in time to fight Giygas^[35] in a battle known for its "feeling of isolation, ... incomprehensible attacks, ... buzzing static" and reliance on prayer.^[11]

EarthBound plays as a Japanese role-playing game^[20] modeled on Dragon Quest.^[29] The game is characterized by its contemporary, satirical Western world setting and its unconventional characters, enemies, and humor.^[28] Examples of the game's humor include untraditional enemies such as "New Age Retro Hippie" and "Unassuming Local Guy", snide dialogue, frequent puns, and fourth wall-breaking.^[25] The game also plays self-aware pranks on the player, such as the existence of the useless ruler and protractor items that players and enemies can unsuccessfully try to use nonetheless.^[31]

Mother 3

In 1996, Mother 3 (EarthBound 64 in North America^[36]), was announced.^[28] It was slated for release on the 64DD, a disk drive expansion peripheral for the Nintendo 64.^[37] Itoi's expansive ideas during development led the development team to question whether fans would still consider the game part of the series.^[3] The game entered development hell^[28] and struggled to find a firm release date^[38] and in 2000,^[28] despite its level of completion, was later cancelled altogether with the commercial failure of the 64DD.^[37]

The project was reannounced three years later as Mother 3 for the Game Boy Advance alongside a combined Mother 1 + 2 cartridge for the same handheld console.^[39] Itoi had been working on porting Mother and Mother 2 to the Game Boy Advance,^[40] and based on encouragement what he predicted to be further pressure, decided to release Mother 3.^[41] The new Mother 3 abandoned the Nintendo 64 version's 3D graphics, but kept its plot.^[28] The game was developed by Brownie Brown and HAL Laboratory, published by Nintendo,^[42] and released in Japan on April 20, 2006,^[43] whereupon it became a bestseller. It did not receive a North American release^[37] on the basis that it would not sell.^[44]

Mother 1 + 2 was released in Japan on June 20, 2003.^[45] The combined cartridge contains both Mother and EarthBound. Mother uses the extended ending of the unreleased English language prototype, but is still only presented in Japanese.^[7]

Unlike earlier games in the series, Mother 3 is presented in chapters.^[4] When the Pig Mask Army starts a forest fire and imposes police state-like conditions on a "pastoral forest village",^[46] a father, Flint, ventures out to protect his family (twin sons Lucas and Claus and wife Hinawa), but the rest of the world is eventually implicated in the plot.^[4] Lucas, the game's hero, does not become prominent until the fourth chapter.^[6] Along with his dog, a neophyte thief, and a princess, Lucas fulfills a prophecy of a "chosen one" pulling Needles from the Earth to wake a sleeping dragon and determine the fate of the world.^[47] The game features a lighthearted plot, with characters such as "partying ghosts" and "talking rope snakes".^[6]

Mother 3, much like its predecessors, is a single-player^[42] role-playing video game played with two buttons: one for starting conversations and checking adjacent objects, and another for running.^[46] The game updates the turn-based^[6] Dragon Quest-style battle system with a "rhythm-action mechanic", which lets the player take additional turns to attack the enemy by chaining together up to sixteen taps in time with the background music.^[46] Apart from this, the battle system^[4] and "rolling HP meter" (where health ticks down like an odometer such that players can outrun the meter to heal before dying) are similar to EarthBound.^[6]

Future of the series

Around Mother 3's 2006 release, Itoi stated that he had no plans to make Mother 4,^[48] which he has reaffirmed repeatedly.^[44]^[49]^[50]^[51] Itoi has said that, of the three, he had the strongest drive to create the first Mother video game, and that it was made for the players. He made the second game as an exploration of his personal interests, and wanted to run wild with the third. While reflecting on Mother 3's 2000 cancellation, Itoi recounted the great efforts the team made to tell small parts of the story, and felt this was a core theme in the series' development.^[3]

In the absence of continued support for the series, an EarthBound fan community coalesced at Starmen.net with the intent to have Nintendo of America acknowledge their interest in Mother series.^[27] They drafted petitions for English language releases^[28] and created a full-color, 270-page anthology of fan art.^[52] Upon "little" response from Nintendo, they localized Mother 3 by themselves^[52] and printed a "professional quality strategy guide" through Fangamer, a video game merchandising site that spun off from Starmen.net.^[52] The Verge cited the effort as proof of the fan base's dedication.^[53] Other fan efforts include EarthBound, USA, a full-length documentary on Starmen.net and the fan community,^[54] and Oddity, a fan-produced sequel to the Mother series that went into production when Itoi definitively "declared" that he was done with the series.^[55]

IGN described the series as neglected by Nintendo in North America, as Mother 1, Mother 1+2, and Mother 3 were not released outside Japan. Despite this, Ness's recurrence in the Super Smash Bros. series signaled favorable odds for the future of the Mother series.^[36] IGN^[36] and Nintendo Power readers anticipated a rerelease of EarthBound on the Wii's Virtual Console upon its launch in 2006,^[56] but it did not materialize.^[22] A Japanese rerelease was announced in 2013 for the Wii U Virtual Console as part of a celebration of the anniversaries of the NES and Mother 2.^[57] North American and European releases for the same platform followed, with Nintendo president Satoru Iwata crediting fan interest on the company's Miiverse social platform.^[58] The game was a "top-seller" on the Wii U Virtual Console, and Kotaku users and first-time EarthBound players had an "overwhelmingly positive" response to the game.^[25] Simon Parkin wrote that the game's rerelease was a "momentous occasion" as the return of "one of Nintendo's few remaining lost classics" after 20 years.^[20] In an interview in late November 2015, Shigesato Itoi has once again denied plans to create a Mother 4, despite fan feedback.^[59]

Reception

In 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die, Christian Donlan wrote that the Mother series is a "massive RPG franchise" in Japan comparable to that of Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest, though it does not enjoy the same popularity in the West.^[60] IGN described the series as neglected by Nintendo in North America, which only received one of the three Mother releases.^[36] Donlan added that the series' oddities did not lend towards Western popularity.^[60] RPGamer's Jordan Jackson noted that the series is "known for its wacky sense of humor, originality, and its very young protagonists",^[4] and Kotaku's Luke Plunkett said that the games were distinct from all other video games in that they stirred "genuine emotion in players beyond ... 'excited' and 'afraid'" with a "charming", "touching", and "tragic" story, which he credited to its creators' pedigrees from outside the video game industry.^[2]

Mother was the sixth best-selling game of 1989 in Japan,^[61] where it sold about 400,000 copies.^[62]^[63]^[64] It received a "Silver Hall of Fame" score of 31/40 from Japanese magazine Famitsu.^[17] Critics noted the game's similarities with the Dragon Quest series and its simultaneous "parody" of the genre's tropes.^[8]^[7] They thought the game's sequel, EarthBound, to be very similar^[7]^[65] and a better implementation of Mother's gameplay ideas, overall.^[8] Reviewers also noted the game's high difficulty level and balance issues.^[8]^[7]^[65]^[66] USgamer's Jeremy Parish said that Mother's script was "as sharp as EarthBound's", but felt that the original's game mechanics were subpar, lacking the "rolling HP counter" and non-random encounters for which later entries in the series were known.^[8] Parish wrote earlier for 1UP.com that in comparison to EarthBound, Mother is "worse in just about every way", and important less for its actual game and more for the interest it generated in video game emulation and the preservation of unreleased games.^[65]

EarthBound sold about 440,000 copies worldwide, with approximately 300,000 sold in Japan and about 140,000 in the United States.^[67] It originally received little critical praise from the American press,^[25]^[37] and sold poorly in the United States:^[23]^[26]^[37] around 140,000 copies, as compared to twice as many in Japan.^[28] Kotaku described EarthBound's 1995 American release as "a dud" and blamed the low sales on "a bizarre marketing campaign" and graphics "cartoonish" beyond the average taste of players.^[25] Multiple reviewers described the game as "original" or "unique"^[20]^[68]^[69] and praised its script's range of emotions,^[20]^[68] humor,^[68]^[70]^[71] cheery and charming ambiance,^[31]^[68] and "real world" setting, which was seen as an uncommon choice.^[20]^[68]^[69] Since its release, the game's English localization has found praise,^[25]^[27] and later reviewers reported that the game had aged well.^[20]^[31]^[68]^[72]^[73]

Prior to its release, Mother 3 was in the "top five most wanted games" of Famitsu^[74]^[75] and at the top of the Japanese preordered game charts.^[5] It sold around 200,000 units in its first week of sales in Japan,^[48] and was one of Japan's top 20 bestselling games for the first half of 2006.^[37] In comparison, the 2003 Mother 1 + 2 rerelease sold around 278,000 copies in Japan in its first year,^[45] and a reissue "value selection" of the cartridge sold 106,000 copies in Japan in 2006.^[76] Mother 3 received a "Platinum Hall of Fame" score of 35/40 from Famitsu.^[77] Reviewers praised its story (even though the game was only available in Japanese^[42]) and graphics, and lamented its 1990s role-playing game mechanics.^[42]^[46]^[5]^[77] Critics also complimented its music.^[4]^[6]^[78] Jackson said that the game was somewhat easier than the rest of the series and somewhat shorter in length.^[4]

Legacy

The series has a legacy as both "one of Japan's most beloved" and the video game cognoscenti's "sacred cow", and is known for its long-lasting, resilient fan community.^[5] At one point leading up to Mother 3's release, the series' "Love Theme" played as music on hold for Japan Post.^[75] Similarly, the Eight Melodies theme used throughout the series has been incorporated into Japanese elementary school music classrooms.^[15] Donlan of 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die wrote that EarthBound is "name-checked by the video gaming cognoscenti more often than it's actually been played".^[60]

Critics consider EarthBound a "classic" or "must-play" among video games.^[29] The game was included in multiple top 50 games of all time lists, including that of Famitsu readers in 2006^[74] and IGN readers in 2005 and 2006.^[79]^[80] IGN ranks the game 13th in its top 100 SNES games^[23] and 26th among all games for its in-game world, which was "distinct and unforgettable" for its take on Americanism, unconventional settings, and 1960s music.^[81] And Gamasutra named it one of its 20 "essential" Japanese role-playing games.^[82] The rerelease was Justin Haywald of GameSpot's game of the year,^[83] and Nintendo Life's Virtual Console game of the year.^[84] GameZone said it "would be a great disservice" to merely call EarthBound "a gem".^[31] In the United Kingdom, where EarthBound had been previously unreleased, GamesTM noted how it had been "anecdotally heralded as a retro classic".^[85] IGN's Scott Thompson said the game was "the true definition of a classic".^[68] Kotaku wrote that the game was content to make the player "feel lonely", and, overall, was special not for any individual aspect but for its method of using the video game medium to explore ideas impossible to explore in other media.^[29]

Multiple critics wrote that Mother 3 was one of the best role-playing games for the Game Boy Advance.^[6]^[86]^[87] GamePro's Jeremy Signor listed it among his "best unreleased Japanese role-playing games" for its script and attention to detail.^[88] Video game journalist Tim Rogers posited that Mother 3 was "the closest games have yet come to literature".^[89] There are no plans for an official Mother 4.^[44]^[48]^[49]^[50]^[51]

The series, and specifically EarthBound, is known for having a cult following^[c] that developed over time well after its release.^[26] Colin Campbell of Polygon wrote that "few gaming communities are as passionate and active" as EarthBound's,^[22] and 1UP.com's Bob Mackey wrote that no game was as poised to have a cult following.^[27] Starmen.net hosted a Mother 25th Anniversary Fanfest in 2014 with a livestream of the game and plans for a remixed soundtrack.^[90] Later that year, fans released a 25th Anniversary Edition ROM hack that updated the game's graphics, script, and gameplay balance.^[91] The Verge cited the two-year-long Mother 3 fan translation as proof of the fan base's dedication,^[53] and Jenni Lada of TechnologyTell called it "undoubtably one of the best known fan translations in existence", with active retranslations into other languages.^[92] Frank Caron of Ars Technica said that the fan translation's "massive undertaking ... stands as a massive success", and that "one cannot even begin to fathom" why Nintendo would not release their own English localization.^[93]

Super Smash Bros.

EarthBound's Ness became widely known due to his later appearance in the Super Smash Bros. series.^[23] He appeared in the original Super Smash Bros. and its sequels: Melee, Brawl, 3DS/Wii U, and Ultimate.^[94] In Europe, which did not see an original EarthBound release, Ness is better known for his role in the fighting game than for his original role in the role-playing game.^[95] He returned in the 2001 Melee with EarthBound's Mr. Saturn, which could be thrown at enemies and otherwise pushes items off the battlefield.^[96] Melee has an unlockable Fourside level based on the EarthBound location.^[97]

When Melee was in development, Ness was not supposed to return as a playable character and would have been replaced by Lucas, the main character of Mother 3. However, Mother 3's original Nintendo 64 release was cancelled, though it was later successfully revived as a project for the Game Boy Advance. As a result, Ness was featured in Melee instead of Lucas.

Ness was later joined by Mother 3's Lucas in Brawl,^[98]^[99]^[d] and both characters returned in 3DS/Wii U and Ultimate.^[102] Players can fight in the 3DS's Magicant stage, which features clips from the Mother series in its background.^[103]

Notes

^ Japanese: マザー, Hepburn: Mazā
^ Iwata later became Nintendo's president and CEO.^[22]
^ ^[36]^[23]^[25]^[53]^[81]^[37]
^ Brawl also contains the final level from Mother 3 along with items and characters from the game,^[100] and a boss fight with the game's antagonist, Porky.^[101]

References

^ https://youtube.com/PSqILeUS9yU?si=SGikvYWF_hcjFskz ^{[bare URL]}
^ ^a ^b ^c Plunkett, Luke (September 1, 2011). "What Makes the Mother Series so Great?". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on November 28, 2014. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Itoi, Shigesato (August 22, 2000). "『ＭＯＴＨＥＲ３』の開発が中止になったことについての" [About the development of "MOTHER 3" has been canceled]. 1101.com. Translation. Translated introduction. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |others= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Jackson, Jordan. "Mother 3 - Staff Review". RPGamer. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Parkin, Simon (October 29, 2008). "Mother 3 Review". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 4, 2014. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Moehnke, Mike. "Mother 3 - Staff Retroview". RPGamer. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015. Retrieved September 7, 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Ramos, Cassandra. "Mother 1+2 (Mother 1)". RPGamer. Archived from the original on October 19, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Parish, Jeremy (August 21, 2014). "Daily Classic: 25 Years Ago, Mother (aka EarthBound Zero) Skewered JRPGs, and America". USgamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
^ IGN Staff (August 22, 2000). "EARTHBOUND 64 (MOTHER 3)". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on April 9, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Oxford, Nadia; Oxford, David (February 2013). "Spacebound: How Aliens Shape the EarthBound Story". 1UP.com. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on January 19, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Oxford, Nadia (July 23, 2013). "EarthBound's Ten Most Memorable Moments". IGN. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
^ Itoi, Shigesato (April 24, 2003). "『MOTHER』の気持ち。" [Feeling of "MOTHER"]. 1101.com. Archived from the original on October 12, 2014. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
^ ^a ^b Gann, Patrick. "Mother". RPGFan. Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
^ ^a ^b Chorley, Vincent. "Mother 2: Gigya's Counterattack". RPGFan. Archived from the original on July 25, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Shigesato Itoi Tells All about Mother 3 (Part One)". Nintendo Dream. Translation. July 2006. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved August 31, 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |others= (help)CS1 maint: others (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mother (NES) News, Reviews, Trailer & Screenshots". Nintendo Life. Archived from the original on October 7, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
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[1] Japanese: マザー, Hepburn: Mazā

[24] Iwata later became Nintendo's president and CEO.^[22]

[92] [36]^[23]^[25]^[53]^[81]^[37]

[105] Brawl also contains the final level from Mother 3 along with items and characters from the game,^[100] and a boss fight with the game's antagonist, Porky.^[101]

[2] ttps://youtube.com/PSqILeUS9yU?si=SGikvYWF_hcjFskz ^{[bare URL]}

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@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 | latest release date = April 20, 2006
 }}
+{{nihongo foot|'''''Mother'''''|マザー|Mazā|lead=yes|group=lower-alpha}} (known as '''''EarthBound''''' outside Japan) is a video game series that consists of [[trilogy|three]] [[role-playing video games]]: ''[[Mother (video game)|Mother]]'' (1989), known as ''EarthBound Beginnings'' outside Japan, for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Family Computer]]; ''Mother 2'' (1994), known as ''[[EarthBound]]'' outside Japan, for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]]; and ''[[Mother 3]]'' (2006) for the [[Game Boy Advance]].
+Written by [[Shigesato Itoi]], published by [[Nintendo]], and featuring [[game mechanics]] modeled on the ''[[Dragon Quest]]'' series, ''Mother'' is known for its sense of humor, originality, and parody. The player uses weapons and psychic powers to fight hostile enemies, which include animated everyday objects, aliens and brainwashed people. Signature elements of the series include a lighthearted approach to the plot, battle sequences with psychedelic backgrounds, and the "rolling [[Health (gaming)|HP]] meter": player health ticks down like an [[odometer]] rather than instantly being subtracted, allowing the player to take preventative action, such as healing or finishing the battle, before the damage is fully dealt. While the franchise is popular in Japan, in the [[Anglosphere]] it is best associated with the [[EarthBound fandom|cult following behind ''EarthBound'']].
-{{nihongo foot|'''''Mother'''''|マザー|Mazā|lead=yes|group=lower-alpha}} (known as '''''EarthBound''''' outside Japan) is a video game series that consists of three [[role-playing video games]]: ''[[Mother (video game)|Mother]]'' (1989), known as ''EarthBound Beginnings'' outside Japan, for the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Family Computer]]; ''Mother 2'' (1994), known as ''[[EarthBound]]'' outside Japan, for the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]]; and ''[[Mother 3]]'' (2006) for the [[Game Boy Advance]].
+While visiting Nintendo for other business, Itoi approached [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] about making ''Mother''. When approved for a sequel, Itoi increased his involvement in the design process over the five-year development of ''EarthBound''. When the project began to flounder, producer and later Nintendo president [[Satoru Iwata]] rescued the game. ''EarthBound''{{'s}} English localizers were given great liberties when translating the Japanese game's cultural allusions. The American version sold poorly despite a multimillion-dollar marketing budget. ''Mother 3'' was originally slated for release on the Nintendo 64 and its [[64DD]] disk drive accessory, but was cancelled in 2000. Three years later, the project was reannounced for the Game Boy Advance alongside a rerelease of ''Mother'' and ''Mother 2'' in the combined cartridge ''Mother 1 + 2''. ''Mother 3'' abandoned the 3D graphics progress for a 2D style, and became a bestseller upon its release. ''EarthBound'' was rereleased for the Wii U [[Virtual Console]] in 2013, and ''Mother'' received its English-language debut for the same platform in 2015, retitled ''EarthBound Beginnings''. In 2022, Nintendo released ''Mother 1'' and ''2'' to their [[Nintendo Switch Online]] service. ''Mother 3'' later came to the service exclusively in Japan in 2024.<ref>https://youtube.com/PSqILeUS9yU?si=SGikvYWF_hcjFskz {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref>
-Written by [[Shigesato Itoi]], published by [[Nintendo]], and featuring [[game mechanics]] modeled on the ''[[Dragon Quest]]'' series, ''Mother'' is known for its sense of humor, originality, and parody. The player uses weapons and psychic powers to fight hostile enemies, which include animated everyday objects, aliens and brainwashed people. Signature elements of the series include a lighthearted approach to plot, battle sequences with psychedelic backgrounds, and the "rolling [[Health (gaming)|HP]] meter": player health ticks down like an [[odometer]] rather than instantly being subtracted, allowing the player to take preventative action, such as healing or finishing the battle, before the damage is fully dealt. While the franchise is popular in Japan, in the [[Anglosphere]] it is best associated with the [[cult following]] [[EarthBound fandom|behind ''EarthBound'']].
+''EarthBound'' is widely regarded as a video game classic, and is included in multiple top-ten lists. In absence of continued official support for the series, members of the ''EarthBound'' fan community organized online to advocate for further series releases through petitions and fan art. Their projects include a full [[Mother 3 fan translation|fan translation of ''Mother 3'']], a full-length documentary, and [[EarthBound fandom#Fangames|fangame attempts]]. [[Ness (EarthBound)|Ness]], the protagonist of ''EarthBound'' and [[Mother 3|Lucas]], the protagonist of ''Mother 3'', received exposure from their inclusion in all five entries of the ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' series. Other ''Mother'' series locations and characters have made appearances in the fighting games.
-While visiting Nintendo for other business, Itoi approached [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] about making ''Mother''. When approved for a sequel, Itoi increased his involvement in the design process over the five-year development of ''EarthBound''. When the project began to flounder, producer and later Nintendo president [[Satoru Iwata]] rescued the game. ''EarthBound''{{'s}} English localizers were given great liberties when translating the Japanese game's cultural allusions. The American version sold poorly despite a multimillion-dollar marketing budget. ''Mother 3'' was originally slated for release on the Nintendo 64 and its [[64DD]] [[Magnetic storage|disk drive]] accessory, but was cancelled in 2000. Three years later, the project was reannounced for the Game Boy Advance alongside a rerelease of ''Mother'' and ''Mother 2'' in the combined cartridge ''Mother 1 + 2''. ''Mother 3'' abandoned the 3D graphics progress for a 2D style, and became a bestseller upon its release. ''EarthBound'' was rereleased for the Wii U [[Virtual Console]] in 2013, and ''Mother'' received its English-language debut for the same platform in 2015, retitled ''EarthBound Beginnings''. In 2022, Nintendo released ''Mother 1'' and ''2'' to their Nintendo Switch Online service.
-''EarthBound'' is widely regarded as a video game classic, and is included in multiple top-ten lists. In absence of continued official support for the series, members of the ''EarthBound'' fan community organized online to advocate for further series releases through petitions and fan art. Their projects include a full [[Mother 3 fan translation|fan translation of ''Mother 3'']], a full-length documentary, and a [[fangame]] sequel-turned-[[spiritual successor]] called ''[[Oddity (video game)|Oddity]]''. [[Ness (EarthBound)|Ness]], the protagonist of ''EarthBound'', received exposure from his inclusion in all five entries of the ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' series. Other ''Mother'' series locations and characters have made appearances in the fighting games.
 == Gameplay ==
@@ Line 73: / Line 72: @@
 [[File:Mother Famicom cartridge.jpg|thumb|left|A Famicom cartridge for the first game in the ''Mother'' series.]]
-While visiting Nintendo for other work, celebrity copywriter [[Shigesato Itoi]] pitched to the company's lead designer, [[Shigeru Miyamoto]], his idea for a role-playing game set in modern times. The contemporary setting worked against role-playing genre norms, and while Miyamoto liked the idea, he was hesitant until Itoi could show full commitment to the project. Itoi reduced his workload, formed a team, and began development in [[Ichikawa, Chiba]]. Nintendo tried to accommodate Itoi's ideal work environment to feel more like an extracurricular club of volunteers.<ref name="1101: cancel"/> Itoi wrote the game's script.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> The game, titled ''Mother'', was developed by [[Creatures (company)|Ape]], published by [[Nintendo]],<ref name="nlife: profile"/> and released in Japan on July 27, 1989, for the [[Famicom]]<ref name="Famitsu: Mother"/> (known as the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] outside Japan).<ref name="nlife: profile"/> The game was slated for an English-language [[game localization|localization]] as ''Earth Bound'', but was abandoned when the team chose to localize ''Mother 2'' instead.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> Years later, the complete localization was recovered by the public and distributed on the Internet, where it became known as ''EarthBound Zero''.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> ''Mother'' received its English language debut in June 2015 as ''[[EarthBound Beginnings]]'' for the [[Wii U]] [[Virtual Console]].<ref name="IGN: Beginnings"/>
+While visiting Nintendo for other work, celebrity copywriter [[Shigesato Itoi]] pitched to the company's lead designer, [[Shigeru Miyamoto]], his idea for a role-playing game set in modern times. The contemporary setting worked against role-playing genre norms, and while Miyamoto liked the idea, he was hesitant until Itoi could show full commitment to the project. Itoi reduced his workload, formed a team, and began development in [[Ichikawa, Chiba]]. Nintendo tried to accommodate Itoi's ideal work environment to feel more like an extracurricular club of volunteers.<ref name="1101: cancel"/> Itoi wrote the game's script.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> The game, titled ''Mother'', was developed by [[Creatures (company)|Ape]], published by [[Nintendo]],<ref name="nlife: profile"/> and released in Japan on July 27, 1989, for the [[Famicom]]<ref name="Famitsu: Mother"/> (known as the [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] outside Japan).<ref name="nlife: profile"/> The game was slated for an English-language [[game localization|localization]] as ''Earth Bound'', but was abandoned when Nintendo chose to focus on the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]] instead.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> Years later, the complete localization was recovered by the public and distributed on the Internet, where it became known as ''EarthBound Zero''.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> ''Mother'' received its English language debut in June 2015 as ''[[EarthBound Beginnings]]'' for the Wii U [[Virtual Console]].<ref name="IGN: Beginnings"/>
-''Mother'' is a [[single-player]] [[role-playing video game]]<ref name="nlife: profile"/> set in a "slightly offbeat", late 20th-century United States (as interpreted by Itoi).<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> Unlike its Japanese role-playing game contemporaries, ''Mother'' is not set in a [[fantasy genre]]. The player fights in warehouses and laboratories instead of in dungeons and similar fantasy settings, and battles are fought with baseball bats and [[psionics|psychic abilities]] instead of swords and magic. ''Mother'' follows the young Ninten as he uses psychic powers<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> to fight hostile, formerly inanimate objects and other enemies.<ref name="RPGamer: Mother review"/> The game uses [[random encounter]]s to enter a menu-based, first-person perspective battle system.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/>
+''Mother'' is a single-player [[role-playing video game]]<ref name="nlife: profile"/> set in a "slightly offbeat", late 20th-century United States (as interpreted by Itoi).<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> Unlike its Japanese role-playing game contemporaries, ''Mother'' is not set in a [[fantasy genre]]. The player fights in warehouses and laboratories instead of in dungeons and similar fantasy settings, and battles are fought with baseball bats and [[psionics|psychic abilities]] instead of swords and magic. ''Mother'' follows the young Ninten as he uses psychic powers<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> to fight hostile, formerly inanimate objects and other enemies.<ref name="RPGamer: Mother review"/> The game uses [[random encounter]]s to enter a menu-based, first-person perspective battle system.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/>
 {{anchor|Mother 2}}
@@ Line 81: / Line 80: @@
 === ''EarthBound'' ===
 {{Main|EarthBound}}
+[[File:Mother 2 Super Famicom Cartridge.jpg|left|thumb|A Super Famicom cartridge for the second game in the ''Mother'' series.]]
-''Mother 2'' was made with a development team different from that of the original game,<ref name="1101: cancel"/> and most of its members were unmarried and willing to work through nights on the project.<ref name=DREAM-07/> Itoi again wrote the game's script and served as a designer.<ref name="ONM review"/> The game's five-year development exceeded time estimates and came under repeated threat of cancellation.<ref name="Famitsu: Itoi"/> It was in dire straits until producer [[Satoru Iwata]] joined the team.<ref name="1101: cancel"/>{{efn|Iwata became Nintendo's president and CEO.<ref name="Polygon: Quash"/>}} ''Mother 2'' was developed by Ape and [[HAL Laboratory|HAL]], published by Nintendo,<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/> and released in Japan's [[Super Famicom]] on August 27, 1994.<ref name="Famitsu: 1994 July"/> The game was translated into English for North American audiences<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> whereupon it became the only ''Mother'' series game to be released in North America until the later localization of ''Mother'' as ''[[EarthBound Beginnings]]''.<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/> The localizers were given liberties to translate the Japanese script's cultural allusions to Western audiences as they pleased, and symbolism was also modified between the versions to adapt to Western sensitivities.<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote" /><ref name="Wired: Lindblom"/> To avoid confusion about the series' numbering, its English title was changed to ''EarthBound'',<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> and was released on June 5, 1995, for the North American [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]].<ref name="Wired: Lindblom"/>
+''Mother 2'' was made with a development team different from that of the original game,<ref name="1101: cancel"/> and most of its members were unmarried and willing to work through nights on the project.<ref name=DREAM-07/> Itoi again wrote the game's script and served as a designer.<ref name="ONM review"/> The game's five-year development exceeded time estimates and came under repeated threat of cancellation.<ref name="Famitsu: Itoi"/> It was in dire straits until producer [[Satoru Iwata]] joined the team.<ref name="1101: cancel"/>{{efn|Iwata later became Nintendo's president and CEO.<ref name="Polygon: Quash"/>}} ''Mother 2'' was developed by Ape and [[HAL Laboratory|HAL]], published by Nintendo,<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/> and released in Japan's [[Super Famicom]] on August 27, 1994.<ref name="Famitsu: 1994 July"/> The game was translated into English for North American audiences<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> whereupon it became the only ''Mother'' series game to be released in North America until the later localization of ''Mother'' as ''[[EarthBound Beginnings]]''.<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/> The localizers were given liberties to translate the Japanese script's cultural allusions to Western audiences as they pleased, and symbolism was also modified between the versions to adapt to Western sensitivities.<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote" /><ref name="Wired: Lindblom"/> To avoid confusion about the series' numbering, its English title was changed to ''EarthBound'',<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> and was released on June 5, 1995, for the North American [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System]].<ref name="Wired: Lindblom"/>
-Though Nintendo spent about $2 million on marketing,<ref name="ONM review" /> the American release was ultimately viewed as unsuccessful within Nintendo.<ref name="Wired: Lindblom" /> ''EarthBound'' was released when role-playing games were not popular in the United States,<ref name="Wired: Lindblom" /><ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1" /> and visual taste in role-playing games was closer to ''[[Chrono Trigger]]'' and ''[[Final Fantasy VI]]''.<ref name="Wired: Lindblom" /> ''EarthBound''{{'}}s atypical "this game stinks" marketing campaign was derived from the game's unusual humor and included foul-smelling [[scratch and sniff]] advertisements.<ref name="Shacknews: EarthBotched" /> ''1UP.com'' called the campaign "infamously ill-conceived".<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1" /> Between the poor sales and the dwindling support for the Super NES, the game did not receive a European release.<ref name="ONM review" />
+Although Nintendo spent about $2 million on marketing,<ref name="ONM review" /> the American release was ultimately viewed as unsuccessful within Nintendo.<ref name="Wired: Lindblom" /> ''EarthBound'' was released when role-playing games were not popular in the United States,<ref name="Wired: Lindblom" /><ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1" /> and visual taste in role-playing games was closer to ''[[Chrono Trigger]]'' and ''[[Final Fantasy VI]]''.<ref name="Wired: Lindblom" /> ''EarthBound''{{'}}s atypical "this game stinks" marketing campaign was derived from the game's unusual humor and included foul-smelling [[scratch and sniff]] advertisements.<ref name="Shacknews: EarthBotched" /> ''1UP.com'' called the campaign "infamously ill-conceived".<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1" /> Between the poor sales and the dwindling support for the Super NES, the game did not receive a European release.<ref name="ONM review" />
 The ''Mother'' series titles are built on what Itoi considered "reckless wildness", where he would offer ideas that encouraged his staff to contribute new ways of portraying scenes in the video game medium.<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/> He saw the titles foremost as games and not "big scenario scripts".<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/> Itoi has said that he wanted the player feel emotions such as "distraught" when playing the game.<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/> The game's writing was intentionally "quirky and goofy" in character,<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> and written in the Japanese [[kana]] script so as to give dialogue a conversational feel. Itoi thought of the default player-character names when he did not like his team's suggestions. Many of the characters were based on real-life personalities.<ref name="Famitsu: Itoi"/> Itoi sought to make the game appeal to populations that played games less, such as girls.<ref name="Famitsu: Itoi"/>
-''Earthbound''<nowiki/>'s story is a continuation of ''Mother''<nowiki/>'s, featuring many of the same antagonists and monsters.<ref name="Famitsu: 1994 June" /> By default, the player starts as a young boy named [[Ness (character)|Ness]],<ref name="GameZone review" /> who finds that the alien force Giygas ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|iː|ɡ|ə|s|,_|ˈ|ɡ|aɪ|ɡ|ə|s}} {{respell|GHEE|gəs|,_|GHY|gəs}})<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mandelin|first1=Clyde|author-link=Clyde Mandelin|date=March 21, 2013|title=Marcus Lindblom Spills Some EarthBound Secrets|url=http://earthboundcentral.com/2013/03/marcus-lindblom-spills-some-earthbound-secrets/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920082211/http://earthboundcentral.com/2013/03/marcus-lindblom-spills-some-earthbound-secrets/|archive-date=September 20, 2015|work=EarthBound Central}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mandelin|first1=Clyde|author-link=Clyde Mandelin|title=Giygas|url=http://legendsoflocalization.com/earthbound/giygas/#giygas-name|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701090001/http://legendsoflocalization.com/earthbound/giygas/|archive-date=July 1, 2015|work=Legends of Localization}}</ref> has enveloped the world in hatred and consequently turned animals, humans, and objects into malicious creatures. Buzz Buzz, a bee from the future, instructs Ness to collect melodies in a Sound Stone to preemptively stop the force.<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/> While visiting the eight Sanctuaries where the melodies are held,<ref name="IGN: 10 MMM"/> Ness meets three other kids named Paula, Jeff, and Poo—"a psychic girl, an eccentric inventor, and a ponytailed martial artist", respectively<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/>—who join his [[Party (role-playing games)|party]].<ref name="GameZone review"/> Along the way, Ness encounters the cultists of Happy Happy Village, the zombie-infested Threed, the Winters boarding school, and the kingdom of Dalaam.<ref name="IGN: 10 MMM"/> When the Sound Stone is filled,{{sfn|Tilden|1995|p=109}} Ness visits Magicant alone, a surreal location in his mind where he fights his dark side.<ref name="IGN: 10 MMM"/> Upon returning to Eagleland, he prepares to travel back in time to fight a young Giygas,{{sfn|Tilden|1995|pp=116–119}} a battle known for its "feeling of isolation, ... incomprehensible attacks, ... buzzing static" and reliance on prayer.<ref name="IGN: 10 MMM"/>
+''Earthbound''<nowiki/>'s story is a continuation of ''Mother''<nowiki/>'s, featuring many of the same antagonists and monsters.<ref name="Famitsu: 1994 June" /> By default, the player starts as a young boy named [[Ness (character)|Ness]],<ref name="GameZone review" /> who finds that the alien force Giygas ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|iː|ɡ|ə|s|,_|ˈ|ɡ|aɪ|ɡ|ə|s}} {{respell|GHEE|gəs|,_|GHY|gəs}})<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mandelin|first1=Clyde|author-link=Clyde Mandelin|date=March 21, 2013|title=Marcus Lindblom Spills Some EarthBound Secrets|url=http://earthboundcentral.com/2013/03/marcus-lindblom-spills-some-earthbound-secrets/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920082211/http://earthboundcentral.com/2013/03/marcus-lindblom-spills-some-earthbound-secrets/|archive-date=September 20, 2015|work=EarthBound Central}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mandelin|first1=Clyde|author-link=Clyde Mandelin|title=Giygas|url=http://legendsoflocalization.com/earthbound/giygas/#giygas-name|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701090001/http://legendsoflocalization.com/earthbound/giygas/|archive-date=July 1, 2015|work=Legends of Localization}}</ref> has enveloped the world in hatred and consequently turned animals, humans, and objects into malicious creatures. Buzz Buzz, a bee from the future, instructs Ness to collect melodies in a Sound Stone to preemptively stop the force.<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/> While visiting the eight Sanctuaries where the melodies are held,<ref name="IGN: 10 MMM"/> Ness meets three other kids named Paula, Jeff, and Poo—"a psychic girl, an eccentric inventor, and a ponytailed martial artist", respectively<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/>—who join his [[Party (role-playing games)|party]].<ref name="GameZone review"/> Along the way, Ness encounters the cultists of Happy Happy Village, the zombie-infested Threed, the Winters boarding school, and the kingdom of Dalaam.<ref name="IGN: 10 MMM"/> When the Sound Stone is filled,{{sfn|Tilden|1995|p=109}} Ness visits Magicant alone, a surreal location in his mind where he fights his dark side.<ref name="IGN: 10 MMM"/> Upon returning to Eagleland, he prepares to travel back in time to fight Giygas{{sfn|Tilden|1995|pp=116–119}} in a battle known for its "feeling of isolation, ... incomprehensible attacks, ... buzzing static" and reliance on prayer.<ref name="IGN: 10 MMM"/>
 ''EarthBound'' plays as a [[Japanese role-playing game]]<ref name="ONM review" /> modeled on ''[[Dragon Quest]]''.<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest" /> The game is characterized by its contemporary, satirical [[Western world]] setting and its unconventional characters, enemies, and humor.<ref name="Shacknews: EarthBotched" /> Examples of the game's humor include untraditional enemies such as "New Age Retro Hippie" and "Unassuming Local Guy", snide dialogue, frequent puns, and [[fourth wall]]-breaking.<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote" /> The game also plays self-aware pranks on the player, such as the existence of the useless ruler and protractor items that players and enemies can unsuccessfully try to use nonetheless.<ref name="GameZone review" />
@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 Around ''Mother 3''{{'s}} 2006 release, Itoi stated that he had no plans to make ''Mother 4'',<ref name="IGN: no more"/> which he has reaffirmed repeatedly.<ref name="Digital Trends: Itoi teases"/><ref name=DREAM-10/><ref name="IGN: impossible"/><ref name="ONM: over"/> Itoi has said that, of the three, he had the strongest drive to create the first ''Mother'' video game, and that it was made for the players. He made the second game as an exploration of his personal interests, and wanted to run wild with the third. While reflecting on ''Mother 3''{{'s}} 2000 cancellation, Itoi recounted the great efforts the team made to tell small parts of the story, and felt this was a core theme in the series' development.<ref name="1101: cancel"/>
-In the absence of continued support for the series, an [[EarthBound fandom|''EarthBound'' fan community]] coalesced at [[Starmen.net]] with the intent to have Nintendo of America acknowledge their interest in ''Mother'' series.<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1"/> They drafted petitions for English language releases<ref name="Shacknews: EarthBotched"/> and created a full-color, 270-page anthology of [[fan art]],<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p2"/> Upon "little" response from Nintendo, [[Mother 3 fan translation|they localized ''Mother 3'' by themselves]]<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p2"/> and printed a "professional quality strategy guide" through [[Fangamer]], a video game merchandising site that spun off from Starmen.net.<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p2"/> ''[[The Verge]]'' cited the effort as proof of the fan base's dedication.<ref name="The Verge: today"/> Other fan efforts include ''EarthBound, USA'', a full-length documentary on Starmen.net and the fan community,<ref name="IGN: EB USA"/> and ''[[Oddity (video game)|Mother 4]]'', a [[fangame|fan-produced]] sequel to the ''Mother'' series that went into production when Itoi definitively "declared" that he was done with the series.<ref name="Kotaku: M4 amazing"/>
+In the absence of continued support for the series, an [[EarthBound fandom|''EarthBound'' fan community]] coalesced at [[Starmen.net]] with the intent to have Nintendo of America acknowledge their interest in ''Mother'' series.<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1"/> They drafted petitions for English language releases<ref name="Shacknews: EarthBotched"/> and created a full-color, 270-page anthology of [[fan art]].<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p2"/> Upon "little" response from Nintendo, [[Mother 3 fan translation|they localized ''Mother 3'' by themselves]]<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p2"/> and printed a "professional quality strategy guide" through [[Fangamer]], a video game merchandising site that spun off from Starmen.net.<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p2"/> ''[[The Verge]]'' cited the effort as proof of the fan base's dedication.<ref name="The Verge: today"/> Other fan efforts include ''EarthBound, USA'', a full-length documentary on Starmen.net and the fan community,<ref name="IGN: EB USA"/> and ''[[Oddity (video game)|Oddity]]'', a [[fangame|fan-produced]] sequel to the ''Mother'' series that went into production when Itoi definitively "declared" that he was done with the series.<ref name="Kotaku: M4 amazing"/>
-[[IGN]] described the series as neglected by Nintendo in North America, as ''Mother 1'', ''Mother 1+2'', and ''Mother 3'' were not released outside Japan. Despite this, Ness's recurrence in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series signaled favorable odds for the future of the ''Mother'' series.<ref name="IGN: Retro Remix"/> IGN<ref name="IGN: Retro Remix"/> and ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' readers anticipated a rerelease of ''EarthBound'' on the Wii's [[Virtual Console]] upon its launch in 2006,<ref name="Nintendo Life: ESRB"/> but it did not materialize.<ref name="Polygon: Quash"/> A Japanese rerelease was announced in 2013 for the Wii U Virtual Console as part of a celebration of the anniversaries of the NES and ''Mother 2''.<ref name="Polygon: Wii U Japan"/> North American and European releases for the same platform followed, with Nintendo president Satoru Iwata crediting fan interest on the company's [[Miiverse]] social platform.<ref name="Polygon: coming to VC"/> The game was a "top-seller" on the Wii U Virtual Console, and ''[[Kotaku]]'' users and first-time ''EarthBound'' players had an "overwhelmingly positive" response to the game.<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> Simon Parkin wrote that the game's rerelease was a "momentous occasion" as the return of "one of Nintendo's few remaining lost classics" after 20 years.<ref name="ONM review"/> In an interview in late November 2015, Shigesato Itoi has once again denied plans to create a ''Mother 4'', despite fan feedback.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vogel|first1=Mitch|title=Shigesato Itoi on the Mother Series' Popularity, Denies Mother 4|url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2015/11/shigesato_itoi_on_the_mother_series_popularity_denies_mother_4?|website=Nintendo Life|publisher=Mitch Vogel|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref>
+[[IGN]] described the series as neglected by Nintendo in North America, as ''Mother 1'', ''Mother 1+2'', and ''Mother 3'' were not released outside Japan. Despite this, Ness's recurrence in the ''Super Smash Bros.'' series signaled favorable odds for the future of the ''Mother'' series.<ref name="IGN: Retro Remix"/> IGN<ref name="IGN: Retro Remix"/> and ''[[Nintendo Power]]'' readers anticipated a rerelease of ''EarthBound'' on the Wii's [[Virtual Console]] upon its launch in 2006,<ref name="Nintendo Life: ESRB"/> but it did not materialize.<ref name="Polygon: Quash"/> A Japanese rerelease was announced in 2013 for the Wii U Virtual Console as part of a celebration of the anniversaries of the NES and ''Mother 2''.<ref name="Polygon: Wii U Japan"/> North American and European releases for the same platform followed, with Nintendo president Satoru Iwata crediting fan interest on the company's [[Miiverse]] social platform.<ref name="Polygon: coming to VC"/> The game was a "top-seller" on the Wii U Virtual Console, and ''[[Kotaku]]'' users and first-time ''EarthBound'' players had an "overwhelmingly positive" response to the game.<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> Simon Parkin wrote that the game's rerelease was a "momentous occasion" as the return of "one of Nintendo's few remaining lost classics" after 20 years.<ref name="ONM review"/> In an interview in late November 2015, Shigesato Itoi has once again denied plans to create a ''Mother 4'', despite fan feedback.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Vogel|first1=Mitch|title=Shigesato Itoi on the Mother Series' Popularity, Denies Mother 4|url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2015/11/shigesato_itoi_on_the_mother_series_popularity_denies_mother_4?|website=Nintendo Life|publisher=Mitch Vogel|access-date=29 November 2015|archive-date=December 11, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211051144/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2015/11/shigesato_itoi_on_the_mother_series_popularity_denies_mother_4|url-status=live}}</ref>
 == Reception ==
 In ''[[1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die]]'', Christian Donlan wrote that the ''Mother'' series is a "massive RPG franchise" in Japan comparable to that of ''[[Final Fantasy]]'' and ''Dragon Quest'', though it does not enjoy the same popularity in the West.<ref name=Mott-255/> IGN described the series as neglected by Nintendo in North America, which only received one of the three ''Mother'' releases.<ref name="IGN: Retro Remix"/> Donlan added that the series' oddities did not lend towards Western popularity.<ref name=Mott-255/> RPGamer's Jordan Jackson noted that the series is "known for its wacky sense of humor, originality, and its very young protagonists",<ref name="RPGamer: Jackson review"/> and ''Kotaku''{{'s}} Luke Plunkett said that the games were distinct from all other video games in that they stirred "genuine emotion in players beyond ... 'excited' and 'afraid{{'"}} with a "charming", "touching", and "tragic" story, which he credited to its creators' pedigrees from outside the [[video game industry]].<ref name="Kotaku: so great"/>
-''Mother'' was the sixth best-selling [[1989 in video games|game of 1989]] in Japan,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=グーム売上ベスト10 |trans-title=Best 10 Game Sales |magazine=[[:ja:ファミリーコンピュータMagazine|Family Computer Magazine]] |date=23 February 1990 |page=133 |url=https://archive.org/details/famimaga-1990-feb-23/page/133 |lang=ja}}</ref> where it sold about 400,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mother |url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/mother/ |website=Hardcore Gaming 101 |date=January 8, 2011 |access-date=15 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Baumann |first1=Ken |title=EarthBound: Boss Fight Books #1 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Boss Fight Books]] |isbn=978-1-940535-00-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvuEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Consalvo |first1=Mia |title=Atari to Zelda: Japan's Videogames in Global Contexts |date=8 April 2016 |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=978-0-262-03439-5 |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tH3TCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57}}</ref> It received a "Silver Hall of Fame" score of 31/40 from Japanese magazine ''[[Famitsu]]''.<ref name="Famitsu: Mother"/> Critics noted the game's similarities with the ''Dragon Quest'' series and its simultaneous "parody" of the genre's tropes.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/><ref name="RPGamer: Mother review"/> They thought the game's sequel, ''EarthBound'', to be very similar<ref name="RPGamer: Mother review"/><ref name="1UP: hall of fame"/> and a better implementation of ''Mother''{{'s}} gameplay ideas, overall.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> Reviewers also noted the game's high [[difficulty level]] and [[Balance (game design)|balance]] issues.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/><ref name="RPGamer: Mother review"/><ref name="1UP: hall of fame"/><ref name="Polygon: pretty cart"/> ''USgamer''{{'s}} Jeremy Parish said that ''Mother''{{'s}} script was "as sharp as ''EarthBound''{{'s}}", but felt that the original's game mechanics were subpar, lacking the "rolling HP counter" and non-random encounters for which later entries in the series were known.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> Parish wrote earlier for ''1UP.com'' that in comparison to ''EarthBound'', ''Mother'' is "worse in just about every way", and important less for its actual game and more for the interest it generated in [[Video game console emulator|video game emulation]] and the preservation of unreleased games.<ref name="1UP: hall of fame"/>
+''Mother'' was the sixth best-selling [[1989 in video games|game of 1989]] in Japan,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=グーム売上ベスト10 |trans-title=Best 10 Game Sales |magazine=[[:ja:ファミリーコンピュータMagazine|Family Computer Magazine]] |date=23 February 1990 |page=133 |url=https://archive.org/details/famimaga-1990-feb-23/page/133 |lang=ja}}</ref> where it sold about 400,000 copies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mother |url=http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/mother/ |website=Hardcore Gaming 101 |date=January 8, 2011 |access-date=15 March 2021 |archive-date=March 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303133544/http://www.hardcoregaming101.net/mother/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Baumann |first1=Ken |title=EarthBound: Boss Fight Books #1 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Boss Fight Books]] |isbn=978-1-940535-00-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lvuEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19 |access-date=March 15, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817144456/https://books.google.com/books?id=lvuEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Consalvo |first1=Mia |title=Atari to Zelda: Japan's Videogames in Global Contexts |date=8 April 2016 |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=978-0-262-03439-5 |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tH3TCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |access-date=March 15, 2021 |archive-date=August 17, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817144409/https://books.google.com/books?id=tH3TCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> It received a "Silver Hall of Fame" score of 31/40 from Japanese magazine ''[[Famitsu]]''.<ref name="Famitsu: Mother"/> Critics noted the game's similarities with the ''Dragon Quest'' series and its simultaneous "parody" of the genre's tropes.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/><ref name="RPGamer: Mother review"/> They thought the game's sequel, ''EarthBound'', to be very similar<ref name="RPGamer: Mother review"/><ref name="1UP: hall of fame"/> and a better implementation of ''Mother''{{'s}} gameplay ideas, overall.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> Reviewers also noted the game's high [[difficulty level]] and [[Balance (game design)|balance]] issues.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/><ref name="RPGamer: Mother review"/><ref name="1UP: hall of fame"/><ref name="Polygon: pretty cart"/> ''USgamer''{{'s}} Jeremy Parish said that ''Mother''{{'s}} script was "as sharp as ''EarthBound''{{'s}}", but felt that the original's game mechanics were subpar, lacking the "rolling HP counter" and non-random encounters for which later entries in the series were known.<ref name="USgamer: Skewered"/> Parish wrote earlier for ''1UP.com'' that in comparison to ''EarthBound'', ''Mother'' is "worse in just about every way", and important less for its actual game and more for the interest it generated in [[Video game console emulator|video game emulation]] and the preservation of unreleased games.<ref name="1UP: hall of fame"/>
-''EarthBound'' sold about 440,000 copies worldwide, with approximately 300,000 sold in Japan and about 140,000 in the United States.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Consalvo |first1=Mia |title=Atari to Zelda: Japan's Videogames in Global Contexts |date=8 April 2016 |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=978-0-262-03439-5 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tH3TCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA58}}</ref> It originally received little critical praise from the American press,<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/><ref name="1UP: Vapor"/> and sold poorly in the United States:<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/><ref name="Wired: Lindblom"/><ref name="1UP: Vapor"/> around 140,000 copies, as compared to twice as many in Japan.<ref name="Shacknews: EarthBotched"/> ''Kotaku'' described ''EarthBound''{{'s}} 1995 American release as "a dud" and blamed the low sales on "a bizarre marketing campaign" and graphics "cartoonish" beyond the average taste of players.<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> Multiple reviewers described the game as "original" or "unique"<ref name="ONM review"/><ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="DHGF: Review"/> and praised its script's range of emotions,<ref name="ONM review"/><ref name="IGN review"/> humor,<ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="DHGF: Viewpoint"/><ref name="SGP review"/> cheery and charming ambiance,<ref name="GameZone review"/><ref name="IGN review"/> and "[[reality|real world]]" setting, which was seen as an uncommon choice.<ref name="ONM review"/><ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="DHGF: Review"/> Since its release, the game's English localization has found praise,<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/><ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1" /> and later reviewers reported that the game had aged well.<ref name="ONM review"/><ref name="GameZone review"/><ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="USgamer: the deal"/><ref name="NWR review"/>
+''EarthBound'' sold about 440,000 copies worldwide, with approximately 300,000 sold in Japan and about 140,000 in the United States.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Consalvo |first1=Mia |title=Atari to Zelda: Japan's Videogames in Global Contexts |date=8 April 2016 |publisher=[[MIT Press]] |isbn=978-0-262-03439-5 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tH3TCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |access-date=March 15, 2021 |archive-date=February 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225235521/https://books.google.com/books?id=tH3TCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |url-status=live }}</ref> It originally received little critical praise from the American press,<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/><ref name="1UP: Vapor"/> and sold poorly in the United States:<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/><ref name="Wired: Lindblom"/><ref name="1UP: Vapor"/> around 140,000 copies, as compared to twice as many in Japan.<ref name="Shacknews: EarthBotched"/> ''Kotaku'' described ''EarthBound''{{'s}} 1995 American release as "a dud" and blamed the low sales on "a bizarre marketing campaign" and graphics "cartoonish" beyond the average taste of players.<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/> Multiple reviewers described the game as "original" or "unique"<ref name="ONM review"/><ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="DHGF: Review"/> and praised its script's range of emotions,<ref name="ONM review"/><ref name="IGN review"/> humor,<ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="DHGF: Viewpoint"/><ref name="SGP review"/> cheery and charming ambiance,<ref name="GameZone review"/><ref name="IGN review"/> and "[[reality|real world]]" setting, which was seen as an uncommon choice.<ref name="ONM review"/><ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="DHGF: Review"/> Since its release, the game's English localization has found praise,<ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/><ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1" /> and later reviewers reported that the game had aged well.<ref name="ONM review"/><ref name="GameZone review"/><ref name="IGN review"/><ref name="USgamer: the deal"/><ref name="NWR review"/>
 Prior to its release, ''Mother 3'' was in the "top five most wanted games" of ''Famitsu''<ref name="Edge: Famitsu"/><ref name="Edge: Rogers"/> and at the top of the Japanese [[pre-order|preordered]] game charts.<ref name="Eurogamer: M3 review p1"/> It sold around 200,000 units in its first week of sales in Japan,<ref name="IGN: no more"/> and was one of Japan's top 20 bestselling games for the first half of 2006.<ref name="1UP: Vapor"/> In comparison, the 2003 ''Mother 1 + 2'' rerelease sold around 278,000 copies in Japan in its first year,<ref name="IGN: 1+2"/> and a reissue "value selection" of the cartridge sold 106,000 copies in Japan in 2006.<ref name="EBsales"/> ''Mother 3'' received a "Platinum Hall of Fame" score of 35/40 from ''Famitsu''.<ref name="Famitsu M3"/> Reviewers praised its story (even though the game was only available in Japanese<ref name="NGC review"/>) and graphics, and lamented its 1990s role-playing game mechanics.<ref name="NGC review"/><ref name="Eurogamer: M3 review p2"/><ref name="Eurogamer: M3 review p1"/><ref name="Famitsu M3"/> Critics also complimented its music.<ref name="RPGamer: Jackson review"/><ref name="RPGamer: Moehnke review"/><ref name="GameSpy preview p2"/> Jackson said that the game was somewhat easier than the rest of the series and somewhat shorter in length.<ref name="RPGamer: Jackson review"/>
-{{Clear}}
 == Legacy ==
 {{see also|EarthBound fandom|Mother 3 fan translation}}
-The series has a legacy as both "one of Japan's most beloved" and the video game cognoscenti's "sacred cow", and is known for its long-lasting, resilient fan community.<ref name="Eurogamer: M3 review p1"/> At one point leading up to ''Mother 3''{{'s}} release, the series' "Love Theme" played as [[music on hold]] for the [[Japan Post]].<ref name="Edge: Rogers"/> Similarly, the Eight Melodies theme used throughout the series has been incorporated into Japanese elementary school music classrooms.<ref name=DREAM-02/> Donlan of ''1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die'' wrote that ''EarthBound'' is "name-checked by the video gaming cognoscenti more often than it's actually been played".<ref name=Mott-255/>
+The series has a legacy as both "one of Japan's most beloved" and the video game cognoscenti's "sacred cow", and is known for its long-lasting, resilient fan community.<ref name="Eurogamer: M3 review p1"/> At one point leading up to ''Mother 3''{{'s}} release, the series' "Love Theme" played as [[music on hold]] for [[Japan Post]].<ref name="Edge: Rogers"/> Similarly, the Eight Melodies theme used throughout the series has been incorporated into Japanese elementary school music classrooms.<ref name=DREAM-02/> Donlan of ''1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die'' wrote that ''EarthBound'' is "name-checked by the video gaming cognoscenti more often than it's actually been played".<ref name=Mott-255/>
 Critics consider ''EarthBound'' a "classic" or "must-play" among video games.<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/> The game was included in multiple top 50 games of all time lists, including that of ''Famitsu'' readers in 2006<ref name="Edge: Famitsu"/> and IGN readers in 2005 and 2006.<ref name="IGN: top 2005"/><ref name="IGN: top 2006"/> IGN ranks the game 13th in its top 100 SNES games<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/> and 26th among all games for its in-game world, which was "distinct and unforgettable" for its take on Americanism, unconventional settings, and 1960s music.<ref name="IGN: top worlds"/> And Gamasutra named it one of its 20 "essential" Japanese role-playing games.<ref name="Gamasutra: essential"/> The rerelease was Justin Haywald of ''GameSpot''{{'s}} game of the year,<ref name="GameSpot: Justin Haywald"/> and ''Nintendo Life''{{'s}} Virtual Console game of the year.<ref name="Nintendo Life: GOTY 2013"/> ''GameZone'' said it "would be a great disservice" to merely call ''EarthBound'' "a gem".<ref name="GameZone review"/> In the United Kingdom, where ''EarthBound'' had been previously unreleased, ''[[GamesTM]]'' noted how it had been "anecdotally heralded as a retro classic".<ref name="GamesTM review"/> IGN's Scott Thompson said the game was "the true definition of a classic".<ref name="IGN review"/> ''Kotaku'' wrote that the game was content to make the player "feel lonely", and, overall, was special not for any individual aspect but for its method of using the video game medium to explore ideas impossible to explore in other media.<ref name="Kotaku: Trippiest"/>
-Multiple critics wrote that ''Mother 3'' was one of the best role-playing games for the Game Boy Advance.<ref name="RPGamer: Moehnke review"/><ref name="TT review"/><ref name="GamePro: Why"/> ''GamePro''{{'s}} Jeremy Signor listed it among his "best unreleased Japanese role-playing games" for its script and attention to detail.<ref name="GamePro: unreleased"/> [[Video game journalism|Video game journalist]] [[Tim Rogers (journalist)|Tim Rogers]] posited that ''Mother 3'' was "the closest games have yet come to literature".<ref name="Action Button"/> There are no plans for an official ''Mother 4''.<ref name="Digital Trends: Itoi teases"/><ref name="IGN: no more"/><ref name=DREAM-10/><ref name="IGN: impossible"/><ref name="ONM: over"/>
+Multiple critics wrote that ''Mother 3'' was one of the best role-playing games for the Game Boy Advance.<ref name="RPGamer: Moehnke review"/><ref name="TT review"/><ref name="GamePro: Why"/> ''GamePro''{{'s}} Jeremy Signor listed it among his "best unreleased Japanese role-playing games" for its script and attention to detail.<ref name="GamePro: unreleased"/> Video game journalist [[Tim Rogers (journalist)|Tim Rogers]] posited that ''Mother 3'' was "the closest games have yet come to literature".<ref name="Action Button"/> There are no plans for an official ''Mother 4''.<ref name="Digital Trends: Itoi teases"/><ref name="IGN: no more"/><ref name=DREAM-10/><ref name="IGN: impossible"/><ref name="ONM: over"/>
-The series, and specifically ''EarthBound'', is known for having a [[cult following]]<!--excessive number of refs? – <ref name="IGN: top SNES"/><ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote"/>--><ref name="IGN: Retro Remix"/><!--<ref name="1UP: Vapor"/>--><ref name="The Verge: today"/><ref name="IGN: top worlds"/> that developed over time well after its release.<ref name="Wired: Lindblom"/> Colin Campbell of ''[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]'' wrote that "few gaming communities are as passionate and active" as ''EarthBound''{{'s}},<ref name="Polygon: Quash"/> and ''[[1UP.com]]''{{'s}} Bob Mackey wrote that no game was as poised to have a cult following.<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1" /> Starmen.net hosted a ''Mother'' 25th Anniversary Fanfest in 2014 with a [[livestream]] of the game and plans for a remixed soundtrack.<ref name="nlife: 25th"/> Later that year, fans released a 25th Anniversary Edition [[ROM hack]] that updated the game's graphics, script, and gameplay balance.<ref name="EC: ROM hack"/> ''The Verge'' cited the two-year-long ''Mother 3'' fan translation as proof of the fan base's dedication,<ref name="The Verge: today"/> and Jenni Lada of ''TechnologyTell'' called it "undoubtably one of the best known fan translations in existence", with active retranslations into other languages.<ref name="TT translation"/> Frank Caron of ''[[Ars Technica]]'' said that the fan translation's "massive undertaking ... stands as a massive success", and that "one cannot even begin to fathom" why Nintendo would not release their own English localization.<ref name="Ars Technica: finished"/>
+The series, and specifically ''EarthBound'', is known for having a [[cult following]]{{efn|<ref name="IGN: Retro Remix"/><ref name="IGN: top SNES" /><ref name="Kotaku: Man Who Wrote" /><ref name="The Verge: today"/><ref name="IGN: top worlds"/><ref name="1UP: Vapor" />}} that developed over time well after its release.<ref name="Wired: Lindblom"/> Colin Campbell of ''[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]'' wrote that "few gaming communities are as passionate and active" as ''EarthBound''{{'s}},<ref name="Polygon: Quash"/> and ''[[1UP.com]]''{{'s}} Bob Mackey wrote that no game was as poised to have a cult following.<ref name="1UP: Posthumous p1" /> Starmen.net hosted a ''Mother'' 25th Anniversary Fanfest in 2014 with a [[livestream]] of the game and plans for a remixed soundtrack.<ref name="nlife: 25th"/> Later that year, fans released a 25th Anniversary Edition [[ROM hack]] that updated the game's graphics, script, and gameplay balance.<ref name="EC: ROM hack"/> ''The Verge'' cited the two-year-long ''Mother 3'' fan translation as proof of the fan base's dedication,<ref name="The Verge: today"/> and Jenni Lada of ''TechnologyTell'' called it "undoubtably one of the best known fan translations in existence", with active retranslations into other languages.<ref name="TT translation"/> Frank Caron of ''[[Ars Technica]]'' said that the fan translation's "massive undertaking ... stands as a massive success", and that "one cannot even begin to fathom" why Nintendo would not release their own English localization.<ref name="Ars Technica: finished"/>
 === ''Super Smash Bros.'' ===
-''EarthBound''{{'s}} Ness became widely known due to his later appearance in the [[Super Smash Bros.|''Super Smash Bros.'' series]].<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/> He appeared in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' and its sequels: ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee|Melee]]'', ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl|Brawl]]'', ''[[Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U|3DS/Wii U]]'', and ''[[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate|Ultimate]]''.<ref name="IGN: SSB 3DS/Wii U"/> In Europe, which did not see an original ''EarthBound'' release, Ness is better known for his role in the fighting game than for his original role in the role-playing game.<ref name="ONM: drop Ness"/> He returned in the 2001 ''Melee'' with ''EarthBound''{{'s}} Mr. Saturn, which could be thrown at enemies and otherwise pushes items off the battlefield.<ref name="IGN: Smash Profile"/> ''Melee'' has an unlockable Fourside level based on the ''EarthBound'' location.<ref name="IGN: Melee secrets"/>
+''EarthBound''{{'s}} Ness became widely known due to his later appearance in the ''[[Super Smash Bros.]]'' series.<ref name="IGN: top SNES"/> He appeared in the original ''[[Super Smash Bros. (video game)|Super Smash Bros.]]'' and its sequels: ''[[Super Smash Bros. Melee|Melee]]'', ''[[Super Smash Bros. Brawl|Brawl]]'', ''[[Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U|3DS/Wii U]]'', and ''[[Super Smash Bros. Ultimate|Ultimate]]''.<ref name="IGN: SSB 3DS/Wii U"/> In Europe, which did not see an original ''EarthBound'' release, Ness is better known for his role in the fighting game than for his original role in the role-playing game.<ref name="ONM: drop Ness"/> He returned in the 2001 ''Melee'' with ''EarthBound''{{'s}} Mr. Saturn, which could be thrown at enemies and otherwise pushes items off the battlefield.<ref name="IGN: Smash Profile"/> ''Melee'' has an unlockable Fourside level based on the ''EarthBound'' location.<ref name="IGN: Melee secrets"/>
 When ''Melee'' was in development, Ness was not supposed to return as a playable character and would have been replaced by Lucas, the main character of ''Mother 3''. However, ''Mother 3''{{'s}} original [[Nintendo 64]] release was cancelled, though it was later successfully revived as a project for the Game Boy Advance. As a result, Ness was featured in Melee instead of Lucas.
 Ness was later joined by ''Mother 3''{{'s}} Lucas in ''Brawl'',<ref name="IGN: Smash final roster"/><ref name="IGN: Smash veterans"/>{{efn|''Brawl'' also contains the final level from ''Mother 3'' along with items and characters from the game,<ref name="NWR: Brawl stages"/> and a boss fight with the game's antagonist, Porky.<ref name="ONM: Porky"/>}} and both characters returned in ''3DS/Wii U'' and ''Ultimate''.<ref name="Polygon: Lucas DLC"/> Players can fight in the ''3DS''{{'s}} Magicant stage, which features clips from the ''Mother'' series in its background.<ref name="Kotaku: Magicant"/>
-{{Clear}}
 == Notes ==
@@ Line 209: / Line 205: @@
 <ref name="GamesTM review">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamestm.co.uk/reviews/earthbound-review/ |access-date=June 15, 2014 |title=Earthbound review |author=<!-- none listed --> |date=October 7, 2013 |work=[[GamesTM]] |publisher=[[Imagine Publishing]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727030752/http://www.gamestm.co.uk/reviews/earthbound-review/ |archive-date=July 27, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
-<ref name="EBsales">{{Cite book |title=Famitsū Gēmu Hakusho 2007 |publisher=[[Enterbrain]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-4-7577-3577-4 |location=Tokyo |page=387 |id={{JPNO|21240454}} |language=ja |script-title=ja:ファミ通ゲーム白書2007 |trans-title=Famitsu Game Whitebook 2007 |chapter=2006年ゲームソフト年間売上TOP500 |trans-chapter=2006 Game Software Annual Sales Top 500 |url=http://geimin.net/da/db/2006_ne_fa/index.php}}</ref>
+<ref name="EBsales">{{Cite book |title=Famitsū Gēmu Hakusho 2007 |publisher=[[Enterbrain]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-4-7577-3577-4 |location=Tokyo |page=387 |id={{JPNO|21240454}} |language=ja |script-title=ja:ファミ通ゲーム白書2007 |trans-title=Famitsu Game Whitebook 2007 |chapter=2006年ゲームソフト年間売上TOP500 |trans-chapter=2006 Game Software Annual Sales Top 500 |url=http://geimin.net/da/db/2006_ne_fa/index.php |access-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-date=June 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626214525/http://geimin.net/da/db/2006_ne_fa/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
 <ref name="GameZone review">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamezone.com/reviews/2013/09/08/review-earthbound-returns-to-prove-why-it-s-one-of-the-greatest-rpgs-of-all-time |access-date=June 14, 2014 |work=GameZone |title=Review: EarthBound returns to prove why it's one of the greatest RPGs of all time |last=Sanchez |first=David |date=September 8, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516023257/http://www.gamezone.com/reviews/2013/09/08/review-earthbound-returns-to-prove-why-it-s-one-of-the-greatest-rpgs-of-all-time |archive-date=May 16, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
@@ Line 329: / Line 325: @@
 '''Sources'''
 {{Refbegin}}
+* {{cite book |url=http://earthbound.nintendo.com/ |title=EarthBound Player's Guide |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |year=1995 |editor-last=Tilden |editor-first=Gail |access-date=November 15, 2014 |archive-date=August 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804002900/http://earthbound.nintendo.com/ |url-status=live }}
+* {{cite web |url=http://handbook.fangamer.com/ |access-date=October 11, 2014 |title=Mother 3 Handbook |editor-last1=Young |editor-first1=Reid |date=March 2009 |publisher=[[Fangamer]] |ref={{SfnRef|Fangamer|2009}} |archive-date=January 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108090203/http://handbook.fangamer.com/ |url-status=live }}
-* {{cite book |url=http://earthbound.nintendo.com |title=EarthBound Player's Guide |publisher=[[Nintendo of America]] |year=1995 |editor-last=Tilden |editor-first=Gail}}
-* {{cite web |url=http://handbook.fangamer.com/ |access-date=October 11, 2014 |title=Mother 3 Handbook |editor-last1=Young |editor-first1=Reid |date=March 2009 |publisher=[[Fangamer]] |ref={{SfnRef|Fangamer|2009}}}}
 {{Refend}}
 == External links ==
-*[https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/a2uj/mother/index.html Official ''Mother'' website]
+* [https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/a2uj/mother/index.html Official ''Mother'' website]
-*[https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/a2uj/mother2/index.html Official ''Mother 2'' website]
+* [https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/a2uj/mother2/index.html Official ''Mother 2'' website]
-*[https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/a3uj/index.html Official ''Mother 3'' website]
+* [https://www.nintendo.co.jp/n08/a3uj/index.html Official ''Mother 3'' website]
 {{Mother series}}

v t e Mother series
Nintendo Ape HAL Laboratory
Games	Mother (EarthBound Beginnings) Mother 2 (EarthBound) Mother 3 development fan translation
People	Shigesato Itoi Satoru Iwata Keiichi Suzuki Hirokazu Tanaka Nobuyuki Inoue Marcus Lindblom
Characters	Giygas Ness Porky Minch
Related	Fandom Megalovania Music Super Smash Bros.
Category

v t e Nintendo franchises
Mario	Super Mario Mario Kart Mario Party Mario Golf Mario Tennis Dr. Mario Paper Mario Mario & Luigi Donkey Kong Yoshi Luigi Wario
Other	Animal Crossing Art Academy Art Style Big Brain Academy Bit Generations BoxBoy! Brain Age Chibi-Robo! Cruis'n Custom Robo F-Zero Fire Emblem Fossil Fighters Golden Sun Kid Icarus Kirby The Legendary Starfy The Legend of Zelda Metroid Mother Picross Pikmin Pilotwings Pokémon Mystery Dungeon Punch-Out!! Puzzle League Rhythm Heaven Splatoon Star Fox Super Smash Bros. Wars Wii Xenoblade Chronicles
Category