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{{short description|American soldier, politician, and diplomat}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2022}}
⚫
|name= Theodore Runyon
{{Infobox officeholder
⚫
|birth_date= {{birth date|1822|10|29}}
⚫
| name = Theodore Runyon
⚫
|death_date= {{death date and age|1896|1|27|1822|10|29}}
| image = Theodore Runyon cph.3a03195.jpg
⚫
|birth_place= [[Somerville, New Jersey]]
| caption = Illustration in ''[[Harper's Weekly]]'', 1891
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|death_place= [[Germany]]
| order = 1st
⚫
|placeofburial= [[Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Newark|Mount Pleasant Cemetery]] [[Newark, New Jersey]]
| office = United States Ambassador to Germany
|placeofburial_label= Place of burial
| term_start = October 26, 1893
|image=
⚫
| term_end = January 27, 1896
|caption=
| predecessor = Himself<br/>as Minister
|allegiance= [[United States|United States of America]]<br/>[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
|branch= [[New Jersey Militia]]
| successor = [[Edwin F. Uhl]]
| president = [[Grover Cleveland]]
|serviceyears=1857 - 1864, 1866-1873
| order1 =
⚫
|rank= [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]]<br>[[Brevet (military)|Brevet]] [[Major general (United States)|Major General]]
| minister_from1= United States
⚫
|commands=
| country1 = Germany
|unit=
| term_start1 = June 4, 1893
⚫
|battles= [[American Civil War]]
| term_end1 = October 26, 1893
⚫
|awards=
| predecessor1 = [[William Walter Phelps]]
|laterwork=
| successor1 = Himself<br/>as Ambassador
| president1 = Grover Cleveland
⚫
| birth_date = {{birth date|1822|10|29}}
⚫
| death_date = {{death date and age|1896|1|27|1822|10|29}}
⚫
| birth_place = [[Somerville, New Jersey]], U.S.
⚫
| death_place = [[Berlin]], [[German Empire|Germany]]
⚫
| resting_place = [[Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Newark|Mount Pleasant Cemetery]], Newark, New Jersey
| allegiance = {{flag|United States of America|1851}}
*[[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]
| branch = {{army|United States}}<br/>{{flagicon|New Jersey}} [[New Jersey Militia]]
| serviceyears = 1857–1864<br/>1866–1873
⚫
| rank = [[File:Union Army major general rank insignia.svg|35px]] [[Major general (United States)|Major General]]
⚫
| commands =
| unit =
| battles =
{{tree list}}
⚫
* [[American Civil War]]
** [[Battle of First Bull Run]]
{{tree list/end}}
⚫
| awards =
| signature = Signature of Theodore Runyon (1822–1896).png
}}
}}
'''Theodore Runyon''' (October 29, 1822 &ndash; January 27, 1896) was a [[United States]] politician, diplomat, and [[American Civil War]] [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] in the [[New Jersey Militia]], serving with the [[Union Army]] at the [[Battle of First Bull Run]]. Runyon was a lawyer before the Civil War and mayor of [[Newark, New Jersey]], a [[Major general (United States)|major general]] in command of the [[New Jersey National Guard]] until 1873, first president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Newark, [[chancellor]] of [[New Jersey]] for 14 years and, between 1893 and 1896, envoy and later [[United States Ambassador to Germany|ambassador to Germany]]
'''Theodore Runyon''' (October 29, 1822 &ndash; January 27, 1896) was an American politician, diplomat, and [[American Civil War]] [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] in the [[New Jersey Militia]], serving with the [[Union Army]] at the [[Battle of First Bull Run]]. Runyon was a lawyer before the Civil War and mayor of [[Newark, New Jersey]], a [[Major general (United States)|major general]] in command of the [[New Jersey National Guard]] until 1873, first president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Newark, [[chancellor]] of [[New Jersey]] for 14 years and, between 1893 and 1896, envoy and later [[United States Ambassador to Germany|ambassador to Germany]].


==Biography==
==Early life==
Theodore Runyon was born in [[Somerville, New Jersey]] of [[Huguenot]] descent. He was a direct descendant of Vincent Rongion [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/default.asp] (1644–1713), a Huguenot who was born in [[Poitiers, France]] and settled in [[New Jersey]]. Theodore Runyon graduated from [[Yale University]], where he helped found [[Scroll and Key]] Society. Runyon was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1846 and began the practice of law in [[Newark, New Jersey]].
Theodore Runyon was born in [[Somerville, New Jersey]] of [[Huguenot]] descent. He was a direct descendant of Vincent Rongion (1644–1713), a Huguenot who was born in [[Poitiers, France]] and settled in New Jersey.<ref name=Twentieth>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__e0UAAAAYAAJ/page/n196/mode/1up |title=The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans |volume=IX |editor1-first=Rossiter |editor1-last=Johnson |editor2-first=John Howard |editor2-last=Brown |publisher=The Biographical Society |location=Boston |page=<!-- no page numbers --> |year=1904 |access-date=2022-05-26 |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Theodore Runyon graduated from [[Yale University]], where he helped found [[Scroll and Key]] Society. Runyon was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1846 and began the practice of law in [[Newark, New Jersey]].


==Military service==
⚫
As a brigadier general in the New Jersey militia, Runyon commanded the Fourth Division of the [[Army of the Potomac|Army of Northeastern Virginia]] in June and July 1861.<ref name="Eicher465">Eicher, John H., and [[David J. Eicher]], ''Civil War High Commands.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. p. 465</ref><ref name="Davis76">[[William C. Davis (historian)|Davis, William C.]] ''Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War''. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-8071-0867-7. p. 76</ref> The division was composed of 90-day New Jersey volunteer regiments and new 3-year New Jersey volunteer regiments which had been organized for less than a month.<ref name="Davis76"/><ref name="Detzer132">Detzer, David. ''Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861''. New York: Harcourt, 2004. ISBN 978-0-15-603143-1. p. 132</ref> Union Army commander, [[Major general (United States)|major general]] [[Irvin McDowell]] held this division in reserve during the [[First Battle of Bull Run]] and they were not engaged in the battle.<ref name="Davis76"/><ref>Detzer, 2004, p. 440</ref> Although the Historians John and David Eicher show Runyon in charge of the division and as mustered out of the volunteers on July 31, 1861, they do not show him with a formal Union Army commission.<ref name="Eicher465"/> Also, neither the 1906 War Department list of Union Army generals nor Historian Ezra J. Warner's ''Generals in Blue'' show Runyon as a commissioned Union Army general rather than or in addition to a New Jersey militia general.<ref>United States War Department, The Military Secretary's Office, [http://www.archive.org/details/memorandumrelati05unit ''Memorandum Relative to the General Officers in the Armies of the '''United States''' During the Civil War, 1861-1865'' (Compiled from Official Records.)] 1906. Retrieved August 5, 2010.</ref><ref>Warner, Ezra J. ''Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders.'' Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.</ref><ref>See also Davis, 1977, p. 76 where Davis describes Runyon as "New Jersey's Brigadier General Theodore Runyon".</ref> Runyon held his position as division commander as a State militia or short-term volunteer general, not as a formally commissioned Union Army general.<ref>Several officers who commanded Union Army units or State units under Union Army control held this status as apparent federal, but actually only State, officers early in the war. Brigadier General [[Ebenezer Peirce]] of the Massachusetts militia, Brigadier General [[Thomas A. Morris]] of the Indiana militia and Colonel Joseph H. Tucker of the Illinois militia, an early commandant of [[Camp Douglas (Chicago)]] are other officers with similar positions and duties with the Union Army early in the war.</ref> On February 25, 1862, Runyon was appointed a [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] major general in the New Jersey militia.<ref name="Eicher465"/>
As a brigadier general in the New Jersey militia, Runyon commanded the Fourth Division of the [[Army of the Potomac|Army of Northeastern Virginia]] in June and July 1861.<ref name="Eicher465">Eicher, John H., and [[David J. Eicher]], ''Civil War High Commands.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-8047-3641-3}}. p. 465</ref><ref name="Davis76">[[William C. Davis (historian)|Davis, William C.]] ''Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War''. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. {{ISBN|0-8071-0867-7}}. p. 76</ref> The division was composed of 90-day New Jersey volunteer regiments and new 3-year New Jersey volunteer regiments which had been organized for less than a month.<ref name="Davis76"/><ref name="Detzer132">Detzer, David. ''Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861''. New York: Harcourt, 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-15-603143-1}}. p. 132</ref> Union Army commander, [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] [[Irvin McDowell]] held this division in reserve during the [[First Battle of Bull Run]] and they were not engaged in the battle.<ref name="Davis76"/><ref>Detzer, 2004, p. 440</ref>

⚫
Although the Historians John and David Eicher show Runyon in charge of the division and as mustered out of the volunteers on July 31, 1861, they do not show him with a formal Union Army commission.<ref name="Eicher465"/> Also, neither the 1906 War Department list of Union Army generals nor Historian [[Ezra J. Warner (historian)|Ezra J. Warner's]] ''Generals in Blue'' show Runyon as a commissioned Union Army general rather than or in addition to a New Jersey militia general.<ref>United States War Department, The Military Secretary's Office, [https://archive.org/details/memorandumrelati05unit ''Memorandum Relative to the General Officers in the Armies of the United States During the Civil War, 1861-1865'' (Compiled from Official Records.)] 1906. Retrieved August 5, 2010.</ref><ref>Warner, Ezra J. ''Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders.'' Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. {{ISBN|0-8071-0822-7}}.</ref><ref>See also Davis, 1977, p. 76 where Davis describes Runyon as "New Jersey's Brigadier General Theodore Runyon".</ref> Runyon held his position as division commander as a State militia or short-term volunteer general, not as a formally commissioned Union Army general.<ref>Several officers who commanded Union Army units or State units under Union Army control held this status as apparent federal, but actually only State, officers early in the war. Brigadier General [[Ebenezer Peirce]] of the Massachusetts militia, Brigadier General [[Thomas A. Morris]] of the Indiana militia and Colonel [[Joseph H. Tucker]] of the Illinois militia, an early commandant of [[Camp Douglas (Chicago)]] are other officers with similar positions and duties with the Union Army early in the war.</ref> On February 25, 1862, Runyon was appointed a [[Brevet (military)|brevet]] major general in the New Jersey militia.<ref name="Eicher465"/> After the war, he was elected a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the [[Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States]] - a military society of officers of the Union armed forces and their descendants.


[[Fort Runyon]], named in Theodore Runyon's honor, was a [[timber]] and [[wiktionary:Earthwork|earthwork]] fort constructed by the Union Army following the occupation of northern [[Virginia]] in order to defend the southern approaches to the Long Bridge as part of the defenses of [[Washington, D.C.]] during that war.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/civilwar/hrs1-4.htm Civil War Defenses of Washington], [[National Park Service]]. Accessed September 20, 2007.</ref>
[[Fort Runyon]], named in Theodore Runyon's honor, was a [[timber]] and [[wiktionary:Earthwork|earthwork]] fort constructed by the Union Army following the occupation of northern [[Virginia]] in order to defend the southern approaches to the Long Bridge as part of the defenses of [[Washington, D.C.]] during that war.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/civilwar/hrs1-4.htm Civil War Defenses of Washington], [[National Park Service]]. Accessed September 20, 2007.</ref>


===Later career===
From 1864 to 1866, Runyon served as mayor of Newark as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]. He had previously been city attorney and city counsel. Runyon was appointed [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] in charge of the [[New Jersey National Guard]] and served in this post until 1873. He was the first president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Newark until he became [[chancellor]] of New Jersey, an office he held for 14 years.
From 1864 to 1866, Runyon served as mayor of Newark as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]. He had previously been city attorney and city counsel. Runyon was appointed [[Major general (United States)|major general]] in charge of the [[New Jersey National Guard]], and served in this post until 1873. He was the first president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Newark until he became [[chancellor]] of New Jersey, an office he held for 14 years.


In 1893, Runyon became envoy and later [[United States Ambassador to Germany|ambassador to Germany]] where he died in 1896. He is buried at [[Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Newark|Mount Pleasant Cemetery]] in Newark, New Jersey.
In 1893, Runyon became envoy and later [[United States Ambassador to Germany|ambassador to Germany]], where he died in 1896.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/01/27/108219172.pdf |title=Theodore Runyon Dead |date=January 27, 1896 |work=The New York Times |page=1 |access-date=2022-05-26}}</ref> He is buried at [[Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Newark|Mount Pleasant Cemetery]] in Newark, New Jersey.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102579556/funeral-of-theodore-runyon/ |title=Funeral of Theodore Runyon |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |location=New York |page=8 |date=1896-02-25 |access-date=2022-05-26 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

==See also==
⚫
{{Portal box|United States Army|American Civil War}}
*[[List of American Civil War generals#Union-R|List of American Civil War generals]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 40: Line 61:


==References==
==References==
* [[William C. Davis (historian)|Davis, William C.]] ''Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War''. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-8071-0867-7.
* [[William C. Davis (historian)|Davis, William C.]] ''Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War''. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. {{ISBN|0-8071-0867-7}}.
* Detzer, David. ''Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861''. New York: Harcourt, 2004. ISBN 978-0-15-603143-1.
* Detzer, David. ''Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861''. New York: Harcourt, 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-15-603143-1}}.
* Eicher, John H., and [[David J. Eicher]], ''Civil War High Commands.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
* Eicher, John H., and [[David J. Eicher]], ''Civil War High Commands.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|0-8047-3641-3}}.
* United States War Department, The Military Secretary's Office, [http://www.archive.org/details/memorandumrelati05unit ''Memorandum Relative to the General Officers in the Armies of the '''United States''' During the Civil War, 1861-1865'' (Compiled from Official Records.)] 1906. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
* United States War Department, The Military Secretary's Office, [https://archive.org/details/memorandumrelati05unit ''Memorandum Relative to the General Officers in the Armies of the United States During the Civil War, 1861-1865'' (Compiled from Official Records.)] 1906. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
* Warner, Ezra J. ''Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders.'' Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.
* Warner, Ezra J. ''Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders.'' Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. {{ISBN|0-8071-0822-7}}.


==External links==
==External links==
⚫
{{Portal|American Civil War|Politics}}
*[http://all-biographies.com/soldiers/theodore_runyon.htm All Biographies: Brigadier-General Theodore Runyon, U.S.V.]
*[http://all-biographies.com/soldiers/theodore_runyon.htm All Biographies: Brigadier-General Theodore Runyon, U.S.V.]
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rugh-rusch.html The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Rugh to Rusch]
*[http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/rugh-rusch.html The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Rugh to Rusch]
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{{succession box|
{{succession box|
title= [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Nominee for [[Governor of New Jersey]]|
title= [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] Nominee for [[Governor of New Jersey]]|
before=[[Joel Parker]]|
before=[[Joel Parker (politician)|Joel Parker]]|
after=[[Theodore Fitz Randolph]]|
after=[[Theodore Fitz Randolph]]|
years=1865}}
years=[[1865 New Jersey gubernatorial election|1865]]}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box | title = [[United States Ambassador to Germany]] | before = [[William Walter Phelps]] | after = [[Edwin F. Uhl]] | years = 1896}}
{{succession box | title = [[United States Ambassador to Germany]] | before = [[William Walter Phelps]] | after = [[Edwin F. Uhl]] | years = 1893 – 1896}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


{{NewarkMayors}}
{{NewarkMayors}}
{{US Ambassadors to Germany}}

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata
|NAME= Runyon, Theodore
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] [[United States Army]] [[General officer|general]]
|DATE OF BIRTH= October 29, 1822
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Somerville, New Jersey]]
⚫
|DATE OF DEATH= January 27, 1896
|PLACE OF DEATH= [[Germany]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Runyon, Theodore}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Runyon, Theodore}}
[[Category:Union Army generals]]
[[Category:Union militia generals]]
[[Category:People of New Jersey in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:People of New Jersey in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Mayors of Newark, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Mayors of Newark, New Jersey]]
[[Category:New Jersey Democrats]]
[[Category:New Jersey Democrats]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Germany]]
[[Category:Burials at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Newark]]
[[Category:Burials at Mount Pleasant Cemetery (Newark, New Jersey)]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]
[[Category:1822 births]]
[[Category:1822 births]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:1896 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Somerset County, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Politicians from Somerville, New Jersey]]
[[Category:People of Huguenot descent]]
[[Category:American people of French descent]]
[[Category:American people of French descent]]
[[Category:19th-century American diplomats]]
[[Category:19th-century New Jersey politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century mayors of places in New Jersey]]

Latest revision as of 01:43, 19 September 2024

Theodore Runyon
Illustration in Harper's Weekly, 1891
1st United States Ambassador to Germany
In office
October 26, 1893 – January 27, 1896
PresidentGrover Cleveland
Preceded byHimself
as Minister
Succeeded byEdwin F. Uhl
United States Minister to Germany
In office
June 4, 1893 – October 26, 1893
PresidentGrover Cleveland
Preceded byWilliam Walter Phelps
Succeeded byHimself
as Ambassador
Personal details
Born(1822-10-29)October 29, 1822
Somerville, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedJanuary 27, 1896(1896-01-27) (aged 73)
Berlin, Germany
Resting placeMount Pleasant Cemetery, Newark, New Jersey
Signature
Military service
Allegiance United States of America
Branch/service United States Army
New Jersey New Jersey Militia
Years of service1857–1864
1866–1873
Rank Major General
Battles/wars

Theodore Runyon (October 29, 1822 – January 27, 1896) was an American politician, diplomat, and American Civil War brigadier general in the New Jersey Militia, serving with the Union Army at the Battle of First Bull Run. Runyon was a lawyer before the Civil War and mayor of Newark, New Jersey, a major general in command of the New Jersey National Guard until 1873, first president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Newark, chancellor of New Jersey for 14 years and, between 1893 and 1896, envoy and later ambassador to Germany.

Early life

[edit]

Theodore Runyon was born in Somerville, New Jersey of Huguenot descent. He was a direct descendant of Vincent Rongion (1644–1713), a Huguenot who was born in Poitiers, France and settled in New Jersey.[1] Theodore Runyon graduated from Yale University, where he helped found Scroll and Key Society. Runyon was admitted to the New Jersey bar in 1846 and began the practice of law in Newark, New Jersey.

Military service

[edit]

As a brigadier general in the New Jersey militia, Runyon commanded the Fourth Division of the Army of Northeastern Virginia in June and July 1861.[2][3] The division was composed of 90-day New Jersey volunteer regiments and new 3-year New Jersey volunteer regiments which had been organized for less than a month.[3][4] Union Army commander, Major General Irvin McDowell held this division in reserve during the First Battle of Bull Run and they were not engaged in the battle.[3][5]

Although the Historians John and David Eicher show Runyon in charge of the division and as mustered out of the volunteers on July 31, 1861, they do not show him with a formal Union Army commission.[2] Also, neither the 1906 War Department list of Union Army generals nor Historian Ezra J. Warner's Generals in Blue show Runyon as a commissioned Union Army general rather than or in addition to a New Jersey militia general.[6][7][8] Runyon held his position as division commander as a State militia or short-term volunteer general, not as a formally commissioned Union Army general.[9] On February 25, 1862, Runyon was appointed a brevet major general in the New Jersey militia.[2] After the war, he was elected a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States - a military society of officers of the Union armed forces and their descendants.

Fort Runyon, named in Theodore Runyon's honor, was a timber and earthwork fort constructed by the Union Army following the occupation of northern Virginia in order to defend the southern approaches to the Long Bridge as part of the defenses of Washington, D.C. during that war.[10]

Later career

[edit]

From 1864 to 1866, Runyon served as mayor of Newark as a Democrat. He had previously been city attorney and city counsel. Runyon was appointed major general in charge of the New Jersey National Guard, and served in this post until 1873. He was the first president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Newark until he became chancellor of New Jersey, an office he held for 14 years.

In 1893, Runyon became envoy and later ambassador to Germany, where he died in 1896.[11] He is buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Newark, New Jersey.[12]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard, eds. (1904). The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans. Vol. IX. Boston: The Biographical Society. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ a b c Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. p. 465
  3. ^ a b c Davis, William C. Battle at Bull Run: A History of the First Major Campaign of the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. ISBN 0-8071-0867-7. p. 76
  4. ^ Detzer, David. Donnybrook: The Battle of Bull Run, 1861. New York: Harcourt, 2004. ISBN 978-0-15-603143-1. p. 132
  5. ^ Detzer, 2004, p. 440
  6. ^ United States War Department, The Military Secretary's Office, Memorandum Relative to the General Officers in the Armies of the United States During the Civil War, 1861-1865 (Compiled from Official Records.) 1906. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
  7. ^ Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.
  8. ^ See also Davis, 1977, p. 76 where Davis describes Runyon as "New Jersey's Brigadier General Theodore Runyon".
  9. ^ Several officers who commanded Union Army units or State units under Union Army control held this status as apparent federal, but actually only State, officers early in the war. Brigadier General Ebenezer Peirce of the Massachusetts militia, Brigadier General Thomas A. Morris of the Indiana militia and Colonel Joseph H. Tucker of the Illinois militia, an early commandant of Camp Douglas (Chicago) are other officers with similar positions and duties with the Union Army early in the war.
  10. ^ Civil War Defenses of Washington, National Park Service. Accessed September 20, 2007.
  11. ^ "Theodore Runyon Dead" (PDF). The New York Times. January 27, 1896. p. 1. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  12. ^ "Funeral of Theodore Runyon". Chicago Tribune. New York. February 25, 1896. p. 8. Retrieved May 26, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Newark, New Jersey
1864–1866 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Democratic Nominee for Governor of New Jersey
1865 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by United States Ambassador to Germany
1893 – 1896 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Runyon&oldid=1246454934"