Illkirch-Graffenstaden: Difference between revisions

Illkirch-Graffenstaden

Ìllkìrich-Gràffestàde
Illkirch-Graffenstaden Ìllkìrich-Gràffestàde
Commune
	Town hall of Illkirch-Graffenstaden
	Coat of arms
	Location of Illkirch-Graffenstaden
	Illkirch-Graffenstaden Illkirch-Graffenstaden
	Coordinates: 48°32′N 7°43′E / 48.53°N 7.72°E
Country	France
Region	Grand Est
Department	Bas-Rhin
Arrondissement	Strasbourg
Canton	Illkirch-Graffenstaden
Intercommunality	Strasbourg Eurométropole
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Thibaud Philipps
Area 1	22.21 km2 (8.58 sq mi)
Population (2022)	27,339
• Density	1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	67218 /67400
Elevation	139–146 m (456–479 ft) ; (avg. 140 m or 460 ft)
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

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Illkirch-Graffenstaden (French pronunciation: [ilkiʁʃ gʁafənʃtadən]) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. It is the second-largest suburb of the city of Strasbourg, and is adjacent to it on the south-southwest. Illkirch-Graffenstaden's population more than doubled in fifty years (from 11,648 in 1968 to 26,780 in 2017).^[3]

Name

During periods when Alsace-Lorraine was part of Germany (1871–1918, 1940–1945) the commune was known by its German name, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, with a single 'f' in place of the French 'ff'. Among French speakers from outside Alsace the commune is sometimes known colloquially as the shorter 'Illkirch'.

Demographics

Illkirch-Graffenstaden is the third most populous commune in the urban community of Strasbourg, the fourth largest in the département and the sixth largest taking together the two departments comprising Alsace.

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1793	1,520	—
1800	1,621	+0.92%
1806	1,667	+0.47%
1821	1,907	+0.90%
1831	1,766	−0.77%
1836	2,293	+5.36%
1841	2,545	+2.11%
1846	3,187	+4.60%
1851	3,208	+0.13%
1856	4,209	+5.58%
1861	4,437	+1.06%
1866	4,668	+1.02%
1871	4,755	+0.37%
1875	4,739	−0.08%
1880	4,733	−0.03%
1885	5,017	+1.17%
1890	5,228	+0.83%
1895	5,549	+1.20%

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1900	6,111	+1.95%
1905	6,313	+0.65%
1910	6,522	+0.65%
1921	6,450	−0.10%
1926	6,979	+1.59%
1931	7,739	+2.09%
1936	7,936	+0.50%
1946	7,774	−0.21%
1954	7,942	+0.27%
1962	9,607	+2.41%
1968	11,648	+3.26%
1975	16,330	+4.95%
1982	19,857	+2.83%
1990	22,307	+1.46%
1999	23,815	+0.73%
2007	26,829	+1.50%
2012	26,379	−0.34%
2017	26,780	+0.30%

Source: EHESS^[4] and INSEE (1968-2017)^[3]

Geography

The larger adjacent communes, like Illkirch-Graffenstaden, are effectively outer suburbs of the Strasbourg conurbation. These include Strasbourg-Meinau, Ostwald and Geispolsheim. Illkirch-Graffenstaden is crossed by the river Ill which here runs from south to north, parallel with and roughly ten kilometres to the west of the river Rhine: the two finally converge a short distance to the north of Strasbourg. The town also lies by the Rhône-Rhine Canal which here runs between the two rivers. Graffenstaden station has rail connections to Strasbourg and Colmar.

Extensive quarrying has been undertaken in the area for many years, giving rise to a number of small lakes in the region, a couple of which have been adapted for recreational swimming.

The International Space University is located on the part of the University of Strasbourg campus lying in the territory of Illkirch-Graffenstaden.^{[citation needed]}

History

The first page of the Illkirch capitulation document *(Kapitulationsurkunde)*.

Illkirch is believed to be a Frankish foundation. The town, like Alsace, takes the first syllable of its name from the river that crosses it: the second syllable is simply the German word for a church. The spelling of the name has changed as language developed: Ellofanum (720 AD; see fanum), Illechilechen (826), Illenkirche (845), Illekiriche (920), Illachirecha (1163) and Illenkirchen (1172) which mutated into the contemporary name, Illkirch.

When Rudolf of Habsburg was elected King of the Romans in 1273, he urgently needed military help from his leading supporters against his rival, Ottokar II of Bohemia, who was reluctant to accept Rudolf as emperor. As a reward for their services, Rudolf in 1284 elevated several leading Strasbourgers to the knighthood. To his favoured supporter, Bernhard von Müllenheim, he also granted the ford at Grafenstaden, with the right to levy tolls on travelers: the value of the concession was enhanced by the absence of any bridge. Hitherto the citizens of Strasbourg had been able to use the Grafenstaden ford without payment, and in 1391 ownership of the ford reverted to the city: from that year, there was a requirement weekly to transfer money collected from tolls to Strasbourg.

Historians know of Illkirch from the Illkirch capitulation document. In 1681, facing the prospect of imminent French invasion, Hans Georg von Zedlitz, mayor of Strasbourg, tried to obtain imperial support to turn back the advancing French army from Strasbourg, which enjoyed privileged status as a free imperial city. Imperial support did not materialize, however, and von Zedlitz was finally obliged to surrender on 30 September 1681.

Graffenstaden was a village bordering Illkirch: the two communes were merged for economic reasons between 1790 and 1794.

Economy

After the First World War the largest employer was the Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques (SACM), a heavy engineering business that specialised in the manufacture of railway locomotives and machine tools. The factory had originally been built before the annexation of Alsace by Germany, but had been operated separately as a German business between 1871 and 1918.

Although heavy engineering still plays a part in the local economy, the second half of the twentieth century saw a massive decline in the sector and much of the old industrial site is today covered by a large shopping centre, offices and even residential developments. Today it is the tertiary sector that provides most of the employment in the area. Another important employer is Leclerc barracks (Quartier Leclerc), home to the French 2nd Armoured Brigade and the German 291st Light Infantry Battalion,^[5] a unit of the Franco-German Brigade.

People

References

^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
^ ^a ^b Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Commune d'Illkirch-Graffenstaden (67218), INSEE
^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Illkirch-Graffenstaden, EHESS (in French).
^ "291st Light Infantry Battalion Website". Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-11.

External links

Official website

[1] "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.

[popref2022-2] "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.

[pophis-3] Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Commune d'Illkirch-Graffenstaden (67218), INSEE

[ehess-4] Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Illkirch-Graffenstaden, EHESS (in French).

[5] "291st Light Infantry Battalion Website". Archived from the original on January 16, 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-11.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 |INSEE              = 67218
 |postal code        = 67400
+|mayor              = Thibaud Philipps<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
-|mayor              = Thibaud Philipps
 |term               = 2020&ndash;2026
 |intercommunality   = [[Strasbourg Eurométropole]]
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 }}
 [[File:Illkirch StSymphorien15.JPG|thumb|Church of St Symphorian]]
-'''Illkirch-Graffenstaden''' ({{IPA-fr|ilkiʁʃ gʁafənʃtadən}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Bas-Rhin]] [[Departments of France|department]] in [[Grand Est]] in north-eastern [[France]]. It is the second-largest [[suburb]] of the city of [[Strasbourg]], and is adjacent to it on the south-southwest. Illkirch-Graffenstaden is one of the fastest-growing cities in France and probably in Europe, its population having more than doubled in fifty years (from 11,648 in 1968 to 26,780 in 2017).<ref name=pophis>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-67218 Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Commune d'Illkirch-Graffenstaden (67218)], INSEE</ref>
+'''Illkirch-Graffenstaden''' ({{IPA|fr|ilkiʁʃ gʁafənʃtadən}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Bas-Rhin]] [[Departments of France|department]] in [[Grand Est]] in north-eastern [[France]]. It is the second-largest [[suburb]] of the city of [[Strasbourg]], and is adjacent to it on the south-southwest. Illkirch-Graffenstaden's population more than doubled in fifty years (from 11,648 in 1968 to 26,780 in 2017).<ref name=pophis>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-67218 Évolution et structure de la population en 2017: Commune d'Illkirch-Graffenstaden (67218)], INSEE</ref>
-In the past Illkirch and Graf(f)enstaden were two separate villages. Illkirch-Graffenstaden therefore differs from more conventional towns, being akin to two long villages, one to the north of the other, giving rise to an exceptionally long main street lined with traditional small half-timbered houses: where these have been supplemented by modern designs, the modern buildings tend to respect the traditional size and look of the older ones.
 ==Name==
-During periods when [[Alsace-Lorraine]] was part of [[Germany]] (1871–1918, 1940–1945) the commune was known as Illkirch-Grafenstaden (with a single 'f' in place of the francophone 'ff'): this spelling is still used in [[German language|German]]. Among French speakers from outside [[Alsace]] the commune is sometimes known colloquially as 'Illkirch' which avoids the needs to grapple with the four syllable [[Alsatian language|German/Alsatian]] concatenation which some may find challenging.
+During periods when [[Alsace-Lorraine]] was part of Germany (1871–1918, 1940–1945) the commune was known by its German name, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, with a single 'f' in place of the French 'ff'. Among French speakers from outside [[Alsace]] the commune is sometimes known colloquially as the shorter 'Illkirch'.
 ==Demographics==
-By population level, Illkirch-Graffenstaden is the third largest commune in the urban community of Strasbourg, the fourth largest in the département and the sixth largest taking together the two departments comprising [[Alsace]].
+Illkirch-Graffenstaden is the third most populous commune in the urban community of Strasbourg, the fourth largest in the département and the sixth largest taking together the two departments comprising [[Alsace]].
 {{Historical populations
@@ Line 78: / Line 76: @@
 ==Geography==
-The larger adjacent communes, like Illkirch-Graffenstaden, are effectively outer suburbs of the [[Strasbourg]] conurbation. These include [[:fr:Meinau|Strasbourg-Meinau]], [[Ostwald, Bas-Rhin|Ostwald]] and [[Geispolsheim]]. Illkirch-Graffenstaden is crossed by the river [[Ill (France)|Ill]] which here runs from south to north, parallel with and roughly ten kilometres to the west of the river [[Rhine]]: the two finally converge a short distance to the north of Strasbourg. The town also lies by the [[Rhône-Rhine Canal]] which here runs between the two rivers.
+The larger adjacent communes, like Illkirch-Graffenstaden, are effectively outer suburbs of the [[Strasbourg]] conurbation. These include [[:fr:Meinau|Strasbourg-Meinau]], [[Ostwald, Bas-Rhin|Ostwald]] and [[Geispolsheim]]. Illkirch-Graffenstaden is crossed by the river [[Ill (France)|Ill]] which here runs from south to north, parallel with and roughly ten kilometres to the west of the river [[Rhine]]: the two finally converge a short distance to the north of Strasbourg. The town also lies by the [[Rhône-Rhine Canal]] which here runs between the two rivers. [[Graffenstaden station]] has rail connections to Strasbourg and Colmar.
-Extensive [[quarrying]] has been undertaken in the area for many years, giving rise to a number of small lakes in the region, a couple of which have been adapted for recreational swimming
+Extensive [[quarrying]] has been undertaken in the area for many years, giving rise to a number of small lakes in the region, a couple of which have been adapted for recreational swimming.
 The [[International Space University]] is located on the part of the [[University of Strasbourg]] campus lying in the territory of Illkirch-Graffenstaden.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}}
-[[File:Kapitul1.jpg|thumb|left|Illkirch Capitulation Document ''(Kapitulationsurkunde)''<br> Page 1]]
 ==History==
+[[File:Kapitul1.jpg|thumb|left|The first page of the Illkirch capitulation document ''(Kapitulationsurkunde)''.]]
-Illkirch is believed to be a [[Franks|Frankish]] foundation. The town, like [[Alsace]] takes the first syllable of its name from the river that crosses it: the second syllable is simply the [[German language|local]] word for a church. The spelling of the name has changed as the [[Alsatian language|language]] has developed: Ellofanum (720), Illechilechen (826), Illenkirche (845), Illekiriche (920), Illachirecha (1163) and Illenkirchen (1172) which mutated into the contemporary name, Illkirch.
+Illkirch is believed to be a [[Franks|Frankish]] foundation. The town, like [[Alsace]], takes the first syllable of its name from the river that crosses it: the second syllable is simply the [[German language|German]] word for a church. The spelling of the name has changed as language developed: ''Ellofanum'' (720 AD; see {{Wikt-lang|la|fanum}}), ''Illechilechen'' (826), ''Illenkirche'' (845), ''Illekiriche'' (920), ''Illachirecha'' (1163) and ''Illenkirchen'' (1172) which mutated into the contemporary name, ''Illkirch''.
-When [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolf von Habsburg]] was elected [[King of the Romans]] in 1273, he urgently needed military help from his leading supporters against his rival, [[Ottokar II of Bohemia|King Ottokar II of Bohemia]], who was reluctant to accept Rudolf as emperor. As a reward for their services, Rudolf in 1284 elevated several leading Strasbourgers to the knighthood. To his favoured supporter, Bernhard von [[Müllenheim]], he also granted the [[Grafenstaden|ford]] at Grafenstaden, with the right to levy tolls on travellers: the value of the concession was enhanced by the absence of any bridge. Hitherto the citizens of Strasbourg had been able to use the Grafenstaden ford without payment, and in 1391 ownership of the ford reverted to the city: from that year, there was a requirement weekly to transfer money collected from tolls to [[Strasbourg]].
+When [[Rudolph I of Germany|Rudolf of Habsburg]] was elected [[King of the Romans]] in 1273, he urgently needed military help from his leading supporters against his rival, [[Ottokar II of Bohemia]], who was reluctant to accept Rudolf as emperor. As a reward for their services, Rudolf in 1284 elevated several leading Strasbourgers to the knighthood. To his favoured supporter, Bernhard von Müllenheim, he also granted the ford at [[Grafenstaden]], with the right to levy tolls on travelers: the value of the concession was enhanced by the absence of any bridge. Hitherto the citizens of Strasbourg had been able to use the Grafenstaden ford without payment, and in 1391 ownership of the ford reverted to the city: from that year, there was a requirement weekly to transfer money collected from tolls to [[Strasbourg]].
-Historians know of Illkirch from the '''Illkirch Capitulation Document'''. In 1681, facing the prospect of imminent [[Louis XIV|French invasion]], Hans Georg von Zedlitz, mayor of [[Strasbourg]], tried to obtain [[Holy Roman Empire|imperial]] support to turn back the [[French army|advancing soldiers]] from [[Strasbourg]], which enjoyed privileged status as a [[free imperial city]]. Imperial support did not materialize, however, and in order to avoid greater suffering von Zedlitz was finally obliged to sign the Surrender Document of Illkirch on 30 September 1681. When it was still young it diedSF SDF SDF S.
+Historians know of Illkirch from the Illkirch capitulation document. In 1681, facing the prospect of imminent French invasion, Hans Georg von Zedlitz, mayor of Strasbourg, tried to obtain imperial support to turn back the advancing French army from Strasbourg, which enjoyed privileged status as a [[free imperial city]]. Imperial support did not materialize, however, and von Zedlitz was finally obliged to surrender on 30 September 1681.
 Graffenstaden was a village bordering Illkirch: the two communes were merged for economic reasons between 1790 and 1794.
@@ Line 98: / Line 96: @@
 After the [[First World War]] the largest employer was the [[Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques]] (SACM), a heavy engineering business that specialised in the manufacture of [[locomotives|railway locomotives]] and [[machine tools]]. The factory had originally been built before the annexation of [[Alsace]] by [[German empire|Germany]], but had been operated separately as a [[Elsässische Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden|German business]] between [[Treaty of Frankfurt (1871)|1871]] and [[Treaty of Versailles|1918]].
-Although heavy engineering still plays a part in the local economy, the second half of the twentieth century saw a massive decline in the sector and much of the old industrial site is today covered by a large shopping centre, offices and even residential developments. Today it is the [[tertiary sector]] that provides most of the employment in the area. Another important employer is Leclerc barracks (''Quartier Leclerc''), home to the [[French Army|French]] [[2nd Armoured Brigade (France)|2nd Armoured Brigade]] and the [[Bundeswehr|German]] 291st Light Infantry Battalion,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutschesheer.de/portal/a/heer/!ut/p/c4/DcJBEkAwDADAt_hAMty4-QVuqUaFTnTS4PvMLi74U3okkcullHHCeZUhvLAzG0RhrV4d4hZMErjdpbA6S2Y4UvDc9S2QGktlLOfYfOvsJOE!/ |title= 291st Light Infantry Battalion Website|access-date=2016-11-11}}</ref> a unit of the [[Franco-German Brigade]].
+Although heavy engineering still plays a part in the local economy, the second half of the twentieth century saw a massive decline in the sector and much of the old industrial site is today covered by a large shopping centre, offices and even residential developments. Today it is the [[tertiary sector]] that provides most of the employment in the area. Another important employer is Leclerc barracks (''Quartier Leclerc''), home to the [[French Army|French]] [[2nd Armoured Brigade (France)|2nd Armoured Brigade]] and the [[Bundeswehr|German]] 291st Light Infantry Battalion,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.deutschesheer.de/portal/a/heer/!ut/p/c4/DcJBEkAwDADAt_hAMty4-QVuqUaFTnTS4PvMLi74U3okkcullHHCeZUhvLAzG0RhrV4d4hZMErjdpbA6S2Y4UvDc9S2QGktlLOfYfOvsJOE!/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116120330/http://www.deutschesheer.de/portal/a/heer/!ut/p/c4/DcJBEkAwDADAt_hAMty4-QVuqUaFTnTS4PvMLi74U3okkcullHHCeZUhvLAzG0RhrV4d4hZMErjdpbA6S2Y4UvDc9S2QGktlLOfYfOvsJOE! |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 16, 2016 |title= 291st Light Infantry Battalion Website|access-date=2016-11-11}}</ref> a unit of the [[Franco-German Brigade]].
 ==People==
 ===Science and industry===
 *[[Jean-Baptiste Schwilgué]], [[horologist]]
-*[[Frédéric Rollé]], horologist
 ===Sports===
 *[[Mehdi Baala]], [[track and field]] athlete
+===Culinary===
+*[[Jean-Georges Vongerichten]], chef
 ==See also==
+*[[Château Klinglin]]<!--- place here now; for future "Localities" or "Places of interest" section? --->
 *[[Communes of the Bas-Rhin department]]

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