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{{short description|British soldier and lawyer, later judge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}


{{Refimprove|date=December 2008}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2008}}
'''Sir Kenneth Kennedy O'Connor''' [[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] [[Military Cross|MC]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]] (21 December 1896 – 13 January 1985) had a long and distinguished career in the Colonial Service.
'''Sir Kenneth Kennedy O'Connor''' <small>[[Order of the British Empire|KBE]] [[Military Cross|MC]] [[Queen's Counsel|QC]]</small> (21 December 1896 – 13 January 1985, aged 88) was a soldier, lawyer and judge who served in the [[Colonial Service|British Colonial Service]].


==Early life==
==Biography==
===Early life===
O'Connor was born in [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]], [[British India]]. He was the second child of the Revd. William O'Connor and Emma (née Kennedy).
⚫
O'Connor was born in [[Ranchi]], [[Jharkhand]], [[British India]]. He was the second child of the Revd. William O'Connor and Emma (née Kennedy). He was educated at [[Saint Columba's College, Dublin]] where he was a chorister and cricketer. From here he won a choral scholarship to [[Worcester College]], Oxford but was unable to take it up due to the [[First World War]].


===India===
⚫
O'Connor was educated at [[Saint Columba's College, Dublin]] where he was a chorister and cricketer. From here he won a choral scholarship to [[Worcester College]], Oxford but was unable to take it up due to the [[First World War]].
⚫
In 1915, he joined the [[British Indian Army]] as an officer in the [[14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs]]. He was awarded the [[Military Cross]] "for distinguished and meritorious services" at the [[Battle of Sharqat]], during the campaign in [[Mesopotamia]] against the Turks. Sir Kenneth later wrote a short account of the [[Battle of Sharqat]]. After the war he left the Indian Army with the rank of captain, though he was later made an honorary colonel.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} Having left the army, he joined the Foreign & Political Department of the Government of India, serving as the British District Commissioner in [[Charsadda]], a district adjoining the [[Khyber Pass]].{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}


==Service in India==
===Legal career===
⚫
In 1922, he left India and returned to England, where he was [[call to the bar|called to the London Bar]] in 1924 by [[Gray's Inn]].{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} After a short time practising at the London Bar, he became a partner in the firm of [[Drew & Napier]] in [[Singapore]]. In Singapore, he met and married Margaret Helen Wise, the eldest daughter of the rubber planter Percy Furlong Wise, of the Devonshire dynasty.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} As Chairman of the Straits Settlements Association, O'Connor played a key role in planning the civilian evacuation of the island in the event of a [[Japanese Occupation of Singapore|Japanese invasion]]. He escaped from Singapore in a small, open sailing boat with unsuitable sails and a children's atlas for navigation. Despite these impediments, with three others, he successfully sailed to [[Sumatra]]. O'Connor later wrote a short account of this adventure, entitled ''Four Men in a Boat''. He had already evacuated his young family (Anthony, born 1933 and Hugh, born 1940) to [[Australia]], where he later joined them.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
⚫
In 1915, he joined the Indian Army as an officer in the 14th (KGO) Ferozepore Sikhs. He was awarded the [[Military Cross]] "for distinguished and meritorious services" at the [[Battle of Sharqat]], during the campaign in [[Mesopotamia]] against the Turks. Sir Kenneth later wrote a short account of the [[Battle of Sharqat]]. After the war he left the Indian Army with the rank of captain, though he was later made an honorary colonel.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}


⚫
===Colonial Legal Service===
O'Connor then joined the Foreign & Political Department of the Government of India, serving as the British District Commissioner in [[Charsadda]], a district of Northern [[India]] (now [[Pakistan]]) adjoining the [[Khyber Pass]].{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
⚫
In 1943, having joined the Colonial Legal Service, O'Connor was appointed [[Attorney General]] of [[Nyasaland]]. After the war he returned to Singapore to reconstruct the legal practice of Drew & Napier. In 1946, he was appointed [[Attorney General of Malaysia|Attorney General]] of the [[Malayan Union]] and in 1948, [[Attorney General of Kenya]].<ref>{{Cite news|title= Kenya Gazette|date= 4 January 1949}}</ref> In 1951, O'Connor was appointed [[Chief Justice of Jamaica]] in which position he served until 1954. He was knighted in 1952.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=39597|page=3815|date=15 July 1952}}</ref>


In 1954, he was recalled to [[Kenya]] as [[Chief Justice]], serving until 1957.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=40110|page=1174|date=23 February 1954}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=23 February 1954 |title=The Church House, Westminster, S.W.1 5th February, 1954 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40110/page/1174/data.pdf |url-status=live |newspaper=The London Gazette |issue=40110 |location=London |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622193737/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40110/page/1174/data.pdf |archive-date=2016-06-22 |access-date=2016-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.judiciary.go.ke/portal/page/our-history|title= Our History|publisher= Republic of Kenya|accessdate= 2 October 2015|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151004022001/http://www.judiciary.go.ke/portal/page/our-history|archive-date= 4 October 2015|url-status= dead}}</ref> During his time as Chief Justice of Kenya, the [[Mau Mau Uprising]] was at its peak. O'Connor was the senior presiding judge in many Mau Mau trials, the most notable being that of [[Dedan Kimathi]], whom O'Connor sentenced to death in 1957.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=March 2007 |title=From 'terrorist' to national hero |journal=New African |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5391/is_200703/ai_n21283946/pg_2 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> O'Connor finished his legal career as President of the [[Court of Appeal for Eastern Africa]] from 1957 to 1962, with jurisdiction over [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] and [[Tanganyika (territory)|Tanganyika]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our History – The Judiciary of Kenya|url=https://www.judiciary.go.ke/about-us/our-history/|access-date=2020-05-27}}</ref>
In 1922, he resigned and returned to England, where he was called to the London Bar in 1924 by [[Gray's Inn]].{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}


==Singapore==
===Later life===
Following independence, Sir Kenneth and Lady O'Connor retired to their house, Buckland Court, in [[Surrey]], [[England]] in 1962.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kirk|first=Connie Ann|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k-m4HuV1_7IC&q=lady+o%27connor+retirement&pg=PA13|title=Critical Companion to Flannery O'Connor|year=2008|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0846-9}}</ref> Sir Kenneth died on 13 January 1985, aged 88.<ref>{{Cite web|title=kenneth death - Google Search|url=https://www.google.com/search?q=kenneth+death|website=www.google.com|access-date=2020-05-29}}</ref>
After a short time practising at the London Bar, he became a partner in the firm of [[Drew & Napier]] in [[Singapore]]. In Singapore, he met and married Margaret Helen Wise, the eldest daughter of the rubber planter Percy Furlong Wise, of the Devonshire dynasty.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}


⚫
==References==
===Evacuation from Japanese occupation===
⚫
As Chairman of the Straits Settlements Association, O'Connor played a key role in planning the civilian evacuation of the island in the event of a [[Japanese Occupation of Singapore|Japanese invasion]]. He escaped from Singapore in a small, open sailing boat with unsuitable sails and a children's atlas for navigation. Despite these impediments, with three others, he successfully sailed to Sumatra. O'Connor later wrote a short account of this adventure, entitled ''Four Men in a Boat''. He had already evacuated his young family (Anthony, born 1933 and Hugh, born 1940) to Australia, where he later joined them.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}


{{reflist}}
⚫
===Attorney General to the Colonial Legal Service===
⚫
In 1943, having joined the Colonial Legal Service, O'Connor was appointed [[Attorney General]] of Nyasaland (now [[Malawi]]). After the war he returned to Singapore to reconstruct the legal practice of Drew & Napier. In 1946, he was appointed [[Attorney General of Malaysia|Attorney General]] of the [[Malayan Union]] and in 1948, [[Attorney General of Kenya]].<ref> {{Cite news|title= Kenya Gazette|date= 4 January 1949}}</ref>


⚫
{{Chief Justices of Kenya}}
==Africa and the Caribbean==
In 1951, O'Connor was appointed [[Chief Justice of Jamaica]] in which position he served until 1954. In 1954, he was recalled to [[Kenya]] as [[Chief Justice]], serving until 1957.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=February 23, 1954 |title=The Church House, Westminster, S.W.1 5th February, 1954 |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40110/page/1174/data.pdf |dead-url=no |format=pdf |newspaper=The London Gazette |issue=40110 |location=London |page=10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622193737/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/40110/page/1174/data.pdf |archive-date=2016-06-22 |access-date=2016-06-23}}</ref><ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.judiciary.go.ke/portal/page/our-history|title= Our History|publisher= Republic of Kenya|accessdate = 2 October 2015}} </ref>

===Kenyan Mau Mau uprising===
At this time, the [[Mau Mau Uprising]] was at its peak. O'Connor was the senior presiding judge in many Mau Mau trials, the most notable being that of [[Dedan Kimathi]], whom O'Connor sentenced to death in 1957.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=March 2007 |title=From 'terrorist' to national hero |journal=New African |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5391/is_200703/ai_n21283946/pg_2 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

O'Connor finished his legal career as President of the Court of Appeal for Eastern Africa from 1957-1962, with jurisdiction over [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] and [[Tanganyika]].{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}

Following independence, Sir Kenneth and Lady O'Connor retired to their house, Buckland Court, in Surrey, England in 1962.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}

==Death==
Sir Kenneth died on 13 January 1985, aged 88.

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==References==


{{authority control}}
<references/>


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Latest revision as of 23:58, 20 September 2024

Sir Kenneth Kennedy O'Connor KBE MC QC (21 December 1896 – 13 January 1985, aged 88) was a soldier, lawyer and judge who served in the British Colonial Service.

Biography

[edit]

Early life

[edit]

O'Connor was born in Ranchi, Jharkhand, British India. He was the second child of the Revd. William O'Connor and Emma (née Kennedy). He was educated at Saint Columba's College, Dublin where he was a chorister and cricketer. From here he won a choral scholarship to Worcester College, Oxford but was unable to take it up due to the First World War.

India

[edit]

In 1915, he joined the British Indian Army as an officer in the 14th King George's Own Ferozepore Sikhs. He was awarded the Military Cross "for distinguished and meritorious services" at the Battle of Sharqat, during the campaign in Mesopotamia against the Turks. Sir Kenneth later wrote a short account of the Battle of Sharqat. After the war he left the Indian Army with the rank of captain, though he was later made an honorary colonel.[citation needed] Having left the army, he joined the Foreign & Political Department of the Government of India, serving as the British District Commissioner in Charsadda, a district adjoining the Khyber Pass.[citation needed]

[edit]

In 1922, he left India and returned to England, where he was called to the London Bar in 1924 by Gray's Inn.[citation needed] After a short time practising at the London Bar, he became a partner in the firm of Drew & Napier in Singapore. In Singapore, he met and married Margaret Helen Wise, the eldest daughter of the rubber planter Percy Furlong Wise, of the Devonshire dynasty.[citation needed] As Chairman of the Straits Settlements Association, O'Connor played a key role in planning the civilian evacuation of the island in the event of a Japanese invasion. He escaped from Singapore in a small, open sailing boat with unsuitable sails and a children's atlas for navigation. Despite these impediments, with three others, he successfully sailed to Sumatra. O'Connor later wrote a short account of this adventure, entitled Four Men in a Boat. He had already evacuated his young family (Anthony, born 1933 and Hugh, born 1940) to Australia, where he later joined them.[citation needed]

[edit]

In 1943, having joined the Colonial Legal Service, O'Connor was appointed Attorney General of Nyasaland. After the war he returned to Singapore to reconstruct the legal practice of Drew & Napier. In 1946, he was appointed Attorney General of the Malayan Union and in 1948, Attorney General of Kenya.[1] In 1951, O'Connor was appointed Chief Justice of Jamaica in which position he served until 1954. He was knighted in 1952.[2]

In 1954, he was recalled to Kenya as Chief Justice, serving until 1957.[3][4][5] During his time as Chief Justice of Kenya, the Mau Mau Uprising was at its peak. O'Connor was the senior presiding judge in many Mau Mau trials, the most notable being that of Dedan Kimathi, whom O'Connor sentenced to death in 1957.[6] O'Connor finished his legal career as President of the Court of Appeal for Eastern Africa from 1957 to 1962, with jurisdiction over Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika.[7]

Later life

[edit]

Following independence, Sir Kenneth and Lady O'Connor retired to their house, Buckland Court, in Surrey, England in 1962.[8] Sir Kenneth died on 13 January 1985, aged 88.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Kenya Gazette". 4 January 1949.
  2. ^ "No. 39597". The London Gazette. 15 July 1952. p. 3815.
  3. ^ "No. 40110". The London Gazette. 23 February 1954. p. 1174.
  4. ^ "The Church House, Westminster, S.W.1 5th February, 1954" (PDF). The London Gazette. No. 40110. London. 23 February 1954. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 June 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  5. ^ "Our History". Republic of Kenya. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
  6. ^ Kabukuru, Wanjohi (March 2007). "From 'terrorist' to national hero". New African.[permanent dead link‍]
  7. ^ "Our History – The Judiciary of Kenya". Retrieved 27 May 2020.
  8. ^ Kirk, Connie Ann (2008). Critical Companion to Flannery O'Connor. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-0846-9.
  9. ^ "kenneth death - Google Search". www.google.com. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
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