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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} |
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{{Use Hiberno-English|date=August 2022}} |
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{{YearInIrelandNav|1953}} |
{{YearInIrelandNav|1953}} |
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* [[Tánaiste]]: [[Seán Lemass]] ([[Fianna Fáil|FF]]) |
* [[Tánaiste]]: [[Seán Lemass]] ([[Fianna Fáil|FF]]) |
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* [[Minister for Finance (Ireland)|Minister for Finance]]: [[Seán MacEntee]] ([[Fianna Fáil|FF]]) |
* [[Minister for Finance (Ireland)|Minister for Finance]]: [[Seán MacEntee]] ([[Fianna Fáil|FF]]) |
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* [[Chief Justice of Ireland|Chief Justice]]: [[Conor Maguire]] |
* [[Chief Justice of Ireland|Chief Justice]]: [[Conor Maguire (judge)|Conor Maguire]] |
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* [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]]: [[ |
* [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]]: [[14th Dáil|14th]] |
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* [[Seanad Éireann|Seanad]]: [[ |
* [[Seanad Éireann|Seanad]]: [[7th Seanad|7th]] |
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==Events== |
==Events== |
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*18 January – [[Sinn Féin]] |
* 18 January – The [[Sinn Féin]] party decided to contest all twelve constituencies in the next [[United Kingdom general elections|Westminster elections]] in Northern Ireland. |
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* 31 January - The ferry ''[[MV Princess Victoria (1946)|MV Princess Victoria]]'' sank during a storm in the [[North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)|North Channel]] with the loss of 135 lives. |
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*15 March – |
* 15 March – Up to ten thousand civil servants marched on [[O'Connell Street]] in [[Dublin]] demanding a just wage. |
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*16 March – [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr.]] |
*16 March – [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr.]] asked the United States Congress to support a [[United Ireland]]. |
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*27 April – [[Maud Gonne|Maud Gonne MacBride]] |
*27 April – Republican revolutionary, suffragette, and actress [[Maud Gonne|Maud Gonne MacBride]] died at her home in Dublin aged 88. |
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*1 May – |
* 1 May – The first [[television transmitter]] in Ireland was brought into service by the [[BBC]] at [[Glencairn (Belfast)|Glencairn]].<ref name=Chronology>{{cite book|editor=Moody, T. W.|title=A New History of Ireland. '''8''': A Chronology of Irish History|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-19-821744-2|display-editors=etal}}</ref> |
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*3 June – 500 unemployed men march at [[Kildare Street]] demanding employment not dole. |
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* |
* 3 June – Five hundred unemployed men marched to [[Kildare Street]] in Dublin demanding employment, not dole. |
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* 6 July – A thousand unemployed people sat on [[O'Connell Bridge]] in Dublin for fifteen minutes of protest. |
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*2 August – [[Murlough Bay]] in the [[ |
* 2 August – [[Murlough Bay]] in the [[Glens of Antrim]] was chosen as the future grave of executed diplomat and nationalist [[Roger Casement]]. [[Taoiseach]] [[Éamon de Valera]] called for the return of his remains from Britain. |
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*29 August – [[Kilmainham Gaol]] |
* 29 August – [[Kilmainham Gaol]] was chosen to be preserved as a [[National monument (Ireland)|national monument]]. |
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*30 August – new [[synagogue]] dedicated at [[Terenure]] in Dublin |
* 30 August – A new [[synagogue]] was dedicated at [[Terenure]] in Dublin, designed by Wilfrid Cantwell.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Short history of the Dublin Hebrew Congregation|url=http://www.jewishireland.org/irish-jewish-communities/dublin-hebrew-congregation/|publisher=Irish Jewish Community|access-date=2013-01-05}}</ref> |
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*1 September – [[Great Northern Railway (Ireland)|Great Northern Railway]] sold to governments of the Republic and Northern Ireland and managed by a joint board. |
* 1 September – The [[Great Northern Railway (Ireland)|Great Northern Railway]] was sold to the governments of the Republic and Northern Ireland and managed by a joint board. |
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*21 September – |
* 21 September – The Irish ploughing team left Dublin for the world ploughing championships in Canada. |
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*20 October – |
* 20 October – The [[Busáras]] bus station opened in Dublin.<ref name=Chronology/> It was designed by [[Michael Scott (architect)|Michael Scott]] in the [[International Style (architecture)|International Style]].<ref>{{cite web |
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*28 October – three of [[Dáil Éireann]]'s Independent [[Teachta Dála|TDs]] become members of [[Fianna Fáil]]. |
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| title = 100 Buildings: Busáras - Michael Scott's modernist masterwork |
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| last = Gilleece |
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| first = Emma |
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| date = 2021-11-20 |
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| website = RTÉ |
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| url = https://www.rte.ie/culture/2021/1120/1262046-100-buildings-busaras-michael-scotts-modernist-masterwork/ |
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}}</ref> |
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* 28 October – Three [[Independent politician (Ireland)|Independent]] [[Teachta Dála|teachtaí dála]] (members of parliament) of the [[14th Dáil]] became members of the [[Fianna Fáil]] party. |
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==Arts and literature== |
==Arts and literature== |
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* 5 January – [[Samuel Beckett]]'s play ''[[Waiting For Godot]]'' |
* 5 January – [[Samuel Beckett]]'s play ''[[Waiting For Godot]]'' had its first public stage première in French as ''En attendant Godot'' in [[Paris]].<ref name=Chronology/> His novel ''[[The Unnamable (novel)|The Unnamable]]'' was also published in French this year. |
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* 5–26 April – first [[An Tóstal]] festivals of national culture<ref name=Chronology/> (devised by [[Seán Lemass]]) held. |
* 5–26 April – The first [[An Tóstal]] festivals of national culture<ref name=Chronology/> (devised by [[Seán Lemass]]) were held. |
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* 8 August – [[Chester Beatty Library]] in Dublin |
* 8 August – [[Chester Beatty Library]] in Dublin opened to the public.<ref name=Chronology/> |
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* Writer [[Brian O'Nolan]] |
* Writer [[Brian O'Nolan]] was obliged to retire from his senior post in the [[Civil Service of the Republic of Ireland|Civil Service]].<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Toole|first=Fintan|author-link=Fintan O'Toole|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/ireland/2011/1001/1224305062073.html|title=The Fantastic Flann O'Brien|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|date=2011-01-01|access-date=2011-10-02|quote=A combination of his gradually deepening alcoholism and his habit of making derogatory remarks about senior politicians in his newspaper columns led to his forced retirement from the civil service in 1953. (He departed, recalled a colleague, "in a final fanfare of f***s".)}}</ref> |
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==Sport== |
==Sport== |
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=== |
===Association football=== |
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<!--This is a description list; please see [[Help:List]] before changing--> |
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;[[League of Ireland]] |
;[[League of Ireland]] |
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==Births== |
==Births== |
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*1 January – [[Maureen Beattie]], Scottish actress. |
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*b27 January – [[Ger Loughnane]], [[Clare GAA|Clare]] hurler, manager of [[Galway GAA|Galway]] hurling team. |
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* |
* 28 January – [[Hugo Hamilton (writer)|Hugo Hamilton]], writer. |
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* |
* 4 February – [[James Stirling (physicist)|James Stirling]], physicist and academic. |
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* |
* 12 February – [[Des Smyth]], golfer. |
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* 15 February – [[Tony Adams (producer)|Tony Adams]], Irish-American screenwriter and producer (d. [[2005 in Ireland|2005]]) |
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*12 February – [[Des Smyth]], golfer. |
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*24 February – [[Eoin Ryan Jnr|Eoin Ryan]], [[Fianna Fáil]] |
* 24 February – [[Eoin Ryan Jnr|Eoin Ryan]], [[Fianna Fáil]] TD, [[Member of the European Parliament]] for [[Dublin (European Parliament constituency)|Dublin]]. |
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*5 March – [[Brian Kerr (Irish football manager)|Brian Kerr]], |
* 5 March – [[Brian Kerr (Irish football manager)|Brian Kerr]], manager of the [[Republic of Ireland national football team]]. |
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*6 March – [[James Bannon]], [[Seanad Éireann|Senator]], [[Fine Gael]] |
* 6 March – [[James Bannon (Irish politician)|James Bannon]], [[Seanad Éireann|Senator]], [[Fine Gael]] TD for [[Longford–Westmeath (Dáil constituency)|Longford–Westmeath]]. |
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*11 March |
* 11 March |
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**[[Derek Daly]], motor racing driver. |
** [[Derek Daly]], motor racing driver. |
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**[[Mary Harney]], [[Tánaiste]] and leader of the [[Progressive Democrats]]. |
** [[Mary Harney]], [[Tánaiste]] and leader of the [[Progressive Democrats]]. |
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**[[Tom McCormack (James Stephens hurler)|Tom McCormack]], [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]] hurler. |
** [[Tom McCormack (James Stephens hurler)|Tom McCormack]], [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]] hurler. |
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*15 March – [[Richard Bruton]], Deputy Leader of [[Fine Gael]], |
* 15 March – [[Richard Bruton]], Deputy Leader of [[Fine Gael]], TD for [[Dublin North-Central (Dáil constituency)|Dublin North-Central]]. |
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*31 March – [[Breeda Moynihan-Cronin]], [[Labour Party (Ireland)]] |
* 31 March – [[Breeda Moynihan-Cronin]], [[Labour Party (Ireland)]] TD. |
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*28 April – [[Paul Darragh]], showjumper (died 2005). |
* 28 April – [[Paul Darragh]], showjumper (died 2005). |
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*16 May – [[Pierce Brosnan]], actor. |
* 16 May – [[Pierce Brosnan]], actor. |
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*17 May – [[Mary Flaherty (politician)|Mary Flaherty]], [[Fine Gael]] |
* 17 May – [[Mary Flaherty (politician)|Mary Flaherty]], [[Fine Gael]] TD and junior minister. |
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*30 May – [[Colm Meaney]], actor. |
* 30 May – [[Colm Meaney]], actor. |
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*31 May – [[Jerry Kiernan]], long-distance runner |
* 31 May – [[Jerry Kiernan]], long-distance runner |
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*7 June – [[Kathleen Lynch (politician)|Kathleen Lynch]], [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]] |
* 7 June – [[Kathleen Lynch (politician)|Kathleen Lynch]], [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]] TD for [[Cork North-Central (Dáil constituency)|Cork North-Central]]. |
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*12 June – [[John Moloney (Irish politician)|John Moloney]], [[Fianna Fáil]] |
* 12 June – [[John Moloney (Irish politician)|John Moloney]], [[Fianna Fáil]] TD for [[Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)|Laois–Offaly]]. |
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*18 June – [[Neil O'Donoghue]], [[American football]] [[placekicker]]. |
* 18 June – [[Neil O'Donoghue]], [[American football]] [[placekicker]]. |
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*7 July – [[Jim Glennon]], [[Fianna Fáil]] politician and |
* 7 July – [[Jim Glennon]], [[Fianna Fáil]] politician and TD. |
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*29 July – [[Frank McGuinness]], playwright, translator and poet. |
* 29 July – [[Frank McGuinness]], playwright, translator and poet. |
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*19 August – [[Tom Parlon]], President of the |
* 14 August – [[Maureen Beattie]], Scottish actress. |
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* 19 August – [[Tom Parlon]], President of the Irish Farmers Association (1997–2001), [[Progressive Democrats|Progressive Democrat]] TD representing [[Laois–Offaly (Dáil constituency)|Laois–Offaly]]. |
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*1 September – [[Catherine Murphy (politician)|Catherine Murphy]], Independent |
* 1 September – [[Catherine Murphy (politician)|Catherine Murphy]], Independent TD. |
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*18 September – [[Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin]], bank official, [[Sinn Féin]] |
* 18 September – [[Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin]], bank official, [[Sinn Féin]] TD representing [[Cavan–Monaghan (Dáil constituency)|Cavan–Monaghan]]. |
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*20 September – [[Joe Waters]], soccer player. |
* 20 September – [[Joe Waters]], soccer player. |
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*23 September |
* 23 September |
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**[[Paudge Connolly]], independent |
** [[Paudge Connolly]], independent TD. |
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**[[Dessie Ellis]], [[Sinn Féin]] |
** [[Dessie Ellis]], [[Sinn Féin]] Dublin City councillor, IRA prisoner, first person extradited to the United Kingdom under the 1987 Extradition Act. |
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*26 September – [[Dolores Keane]], singer and musician. |
* 26 September – [[Dolores Keane]], singer and musician. |
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* |
* 3 November – [[Michael O'Regan (journalist)|Michael O'Regan]], journalist (died 2024) |
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*26 November – [[Marian Harkin]], [[Member of the European Parliament]] representing [[North-West (European Parliament constituency)|North-West]], Independent |
* 11 November – [[Jimmy Holmes (footballer born 1953)|Jimmy Holmes]], soccer player. |
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* 26 November – [[Marian Harkin]], [[Member of the European Parliament]] representing [[North-West (European Parliament constituency)|North-West]], Independent TD representing [[Sligo–Leitrim (Dáil constituency)|Sligo–Leitrim]]. |
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*3 December – [[Nickey Brennan]], [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]] hurler, [[Presidents of the Gaelic Athletic Association|President]] of the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]. |
* 3 December – [[Nickey Brennan]], [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]] hurler, [[Presidents of the Gaelic Athletic Association|President]] of the [[Gaelic Athletic Association]]. |
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*;Full date unknown |
*;Full date unknown |
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:*[[Patrick Deeley]], poet. |
:* [[Patrick Deeley]], poet. |
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:*[[Rita Kelly]], poet. |
:* [[Rita Kelly]], poet. |
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:*[[Sheila O'Donnell]], architect. |
:* [[Sheila O'Donnell]], architect. |
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==Deaths== |
==Deaths== |
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*11 February – [[Valentine McEntee, 1st Baron McEntee]], [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] [[Member of Parliament |
* 11 February – [[Valentine McEntee, 1st Baron McEntee]], [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) in the United Kingdom (born 1871). |
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*22 February – [[John Caffrey]], recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] for gallantry in 1915 near La Brique, France (born 1891). |
* 22 February – [[John Caffrey]], recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] for gallantry in 1915 near La Brique, France (born 1891). |
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*March – [[Louisa Watson Peat]], writer and lecturer, died in the United States (born 1883) |
* March – [[Louisa Watson Peat]], writer and lecturer, died in the United States (born 1883) |
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*13 April – [[Alice Milligan]], nationalist poet and author (born 1865). |
* 13 April – [[Alice Milligan]], nationalist poet and author (born 1865). |
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*15 April – [[John Dignan]], Roman Catholic Bishop of Clonfert (born 1880). |
* 15 April – [[John Dignan]], Roman Catholic Bishop of Clonfert (born 1880). |
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*17 April – [[Tom Sharkey]], boxer (born 1873). |
* 17 April – [[Tom Sharkey]], boxer (born 1873). |
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*3 June – [[Philip Graves]], journalist and writer (born 1876). |
* 3 June – [[Philip Graves]], journalist and writer (born 1876). |
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*14 July – [[Frank Fahy ( |
* 14 July – [[Frank Fahy (politician)|Frank Fahy]], [[Sinn Féin]] MP and later [[Fianna Fáil]] TD, member of [[1st Dáil]], [[Ceann Comhairle]] (born 1880). |
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*23 July – [[Maude Delap]], marine biologist (born 1866). |
* 23 July – [[Maude Delap]], marine biologist (born 1866). |
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*12 September – [[James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn]], [[Unionist (Ireland)|Unionist]] politician and first [[Governor of Northern Ireland]] (born 1869). |
* 12 September – [[James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn]], [[Unionist (Ireland)|Unionist]] politician and first [[Governor of Northern Ireland]] (born 1869). |
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* |
* 3 October – Sir [[Arnold Bax]], English composer (born 1883). |
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* |
* 17 October – [[Jack Rochford]], [[Kilkenny GAA|Kilkenny]] hurler (born 1882). |
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* |
* 30 October – [[John Counihan]], farmer and salesmaster, Independent member of [[1922 Seanad]] (born 1879). |
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* |
* 1 November – [[Thomas F. O'Higgins]], [[Fine Gael]] TD and cabinet minister (born 1890). |
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* |
* 16 November – [[T. F. O'Rahilly]], linguist and Irish language scholar (born 1882). |
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* 25 December – [[Patsy Donovan]], [[Major League Baseball]] player and manager (born 1865). |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
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Latest revision as of 00:53, 21 September 2024
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013) |
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See also: | 1953 in Northern Ireland Other events of 1953 List of years in Ireland |
Events from the year 1953 in Ireland.
Incumbents
[edit]- President: Seán T. O'Kelly
- Taoiseach: Éamon de Valera (FF)
- Tánaiste: Seán Lemass (FF)
- Minister for Finance: Seán MacEntee (FF)
- Chief Justice: Conor Maguire
- Dáil: 14th
- Seanad: 7th
Events
[edit]- 18 January – The Sinn Féin party decided to contest all twelve constituencies in the next Westminster elections in Northern Ireland.
- 31 January - The ferry MV Princess Victoria sank during a storm in the North Channel with the loss of 135 lives.
- 15 March – Up to ten thousand civil servants marched on O'Connell Street in Dublin demanding a just wage.
- 16 March – Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr. asked the United States Congress to support a United Ireland.
- 27 April – Republican revolutionary, suffragette, and actress Maud Gonne MacBride died at her home in Dublin aged 88.
- 1 May – The first television transmitter in Ireland was brought into service by the BBC at Glencairn.[1]
- 3 June – Five hundred unemployed men marched to Kildare Street in Dublin demanding employment, not dole.
- 6 July – A thousand unemployed people sat on O'Connell Bridge in Dublin for fifteen minutes of protest.
- 2 August – Murlough Bay in the Glens of Antrim was chosen as the future grave of executed diplomat and nationalist Roger Casement. Taoiseach Éamon de Valera called for the return of his remains from Britain.
- 29 August – Kilmainham Gaol was chosen to be preserved as a national monument.
- 30 August – A new synagogue was dedicated at Terenure in Dublin, designed by Wilfrid Cantwell.[2]
- 1 September – The Great Northern Railway was sold to the governments of the Republic and Northern Ireland and managed by a joint board.
- 21 September – The Irish ploughing team left Dublin for the world ploughing championships in Canada.
- 20 October – The Busáras bus station opened in Dublin.[1] It was designed by Michael Scott in the International Style.[3]
- 28 October – Three Independent teachtaí dála (members of parliament) of the 14th Dáil became members of the Fianna Fáil party.
- 30 October – Standish Vereker, 7th Viscount Gort, purchased Bunratty Castle to restore it.
- 17 November – The Great Blasket Island was depopulated.
- 18 December – The Censorship Board banned almost a hundred publications after deciding they were indecent or obscene.
Arts and literature
[edit]- 5 January – Samuel Beckett's play Waiting For Godot had its first public stage première in French as En attendant Godot in Paris.[1] His novel The Unnamable was also published in French this year.
- 5–26 April – The first An Tóstal festivals of national culture[1] (devised by Seán Lemass) were held.
- 8 August – Chester Beatty Library in Dublin opened to the public.[1]
- Writer Brian O'Nolan was obliged to retire from his senior post in the Civil Service.[4]
Sport
[edit]Association football
[edit]- League of Ireland
- Winners: Shelbourne
- FAI Cup
- Winners: Cork Athletic 2–2, 2–1 Evergreen United.
Golf
[edit]- Irish Open is won by Eric Brown (Scotland).
Births
[edit]- 6 January – Noel Dempsey, Fianna Fáil TD for Meath West and Minister for Transport.
- b27 January – Ger Loughnane, Clare hurler, manager of Galway hurling team.
- 28 January – Hugo Hamilton, writer.
- 4 February – James Stirling, physicist and academic.
- 12 February – Des Smyth, golfer.
- 15 February – Tony Adams, Irish-American screenwriter and producer (d. 2005)
- 24 February – Eoin Ryan, Fianna Fáil TD, Member of the European Parliament for Dublin.
- 5 March – Brian Kerr, manager of the Republic of Ireland national football team.
- 6 March – James Bannon, Senator, Fine Gael TD for Longford–Westmeath.
- 11 March
- Derek Daly, motor racing driver.
- Mary Harney, Tánaiste and leader of the Progressive Democrats.
- Tom McCormack, Kilkenny hurler.
- 15 March – Richard Bruton, Deputy Leader of Fine Gael, TD for Dublin North-Central.
- 31 March – Breeda Moynihan-Cronin, Labour Party (Ireland) TD.
- 28 April – Paul Darragh, showjumper (died 2005).
- 16 May – Pierce Brosnan, actor.
- 17 May – Mary Flaherty, Fine Gael TD and junior minister.
- 30 May – Colm Meaney, actor.
- 31 May – Jerry Kiernan, long-distance runner
- 7 June – Kathleen Lynch, Labour Party TD for Cork North-Central.
- 12 June – John Moloney, Fianna Fáil TD for Laois–Offaly.
- 18 June – Neil O'Donoghue, American football placekicker.
- 7 July – Jim Glennon, Fianna Fáil politician and TD.
- 29 July – Frank McGuinness, playwright, translator and poet.
- 14 August – Maureen Beattie, Scottish actress.
- 19 August – Tom Parlon, President of the Irish Farmers Association (1997–2001), Progressive Democrat TD representing Laois–Offaly.
- 1 September – Catherine Murphy, Independent TD.
- 18 September – Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin, bank official, Sinn Féin TD representing Cavan–Monaghan.
- 20 September – Joe Waters, soccer player.
- 23 September
- Paudge Connolly, independent TD.
- Dessie Ellis, Sinn Féin Dublin City councillor, IRA prisoner, first person extradited to the United Kingdom under the 1987 Extradition Act.
- 26 September – Dolores Keane, singer and musician.
- 3 November – Michael O'Regan, journalist (died 2024)
- 11 November – Jimmy Holmes, soccer player.
- 26 November – Marian Harkin, Member of the European Parliament representing North-West, Independent TD representing Sligo–Leitrim.
- 3 December – Nickey Brennan, Kilkenny hurler, President of the Gaelic Athletic Association.
- Full date unknown
- Patrick Deeley, poet.
- Rita Kelly, poet.
- Sheila O'Donnell, architect.
Deaths
[edit]- 11 February – Valentine McEntee, 1st Baron McEntee, Labour Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom (born 1871).
- 22 February – John Caffrey, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1915 near La Brique, France (born 1891).
- March – Louisa Watson Peat, writer and lecturer, died in the United States (born 1883)
- 13 April – Alice Milligan, nationalist poet and author (born 1865).
- 15 April – John Dignan, Roman Catholic Bishop of Clonfert (born 1880).
- 17 April – Tom Sharkey, boxer (born 1873).
- 3 June – Philip Graves, journalist and writer (born 1876).
- 14 July – Frank Fahy, Sinn Féin MP and later Fianna Fáil TD, member of 1st Dáil, Ceann Comhairle (born 1880).
- 23 July – Maude Delap, marine biologist (born 1866).
- 12 September – James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn, Unionist politician and first Governor of Northern Ireland (born 1869).
- 3 October – Sir Arnold Bax, English composer (born 1883).
- 17 October – Jack Rochford, Kilkenny hurler (born 1882).
- 30 October – John Counihan, farmer and salesmaster, Independent member of 1922 Seanad (born 1879).
- 1 November – Thomas F. O'Higgins, Fine Gael TD and cabinet minister (born 1890).
- 16 November – T. F. O'Rahilly, linguist and Irish language scholar (born 1882).
- 25 December – Patsy Donovan, Major League Baseball player and manager (born 1865).
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Moody, T. W.; et al., eds. (1989). A New History of Ireland. 8: A Chronology of Irish History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821744-2.
- ^ "A Short history of the Dublin Hebrew Congregation". Irish Jewish Community. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
- ^ Gilleece, Emma (20 November 2021). "100 Buildings: Busáras - Michael Scott's modernist masterwork". RTÉ.
- ^ O'Toole, Fintan (1 January 2011). "The Fantastic Flann O'Brien". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
A combination of his gradually deepening alcoholism and his habit of making derogatory remarks about senior politicians in his newspaper columns led to his forced retirement from the civil service in 1953. (He departed, recalled a colleague, "in a final fanfare of f***s".)