P. J. Patterson: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Jamaican prime minister from 1992 to 2006}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} |
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{{Use Jamaican English|date=March 2012}} |
{{Use Jamaican English|date=March 2012}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox officeholder |
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|honorific-prefix= [[The Most Honourable]] |
|honorific-prefix= [[The Most Honourable]] |
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|birthname=Percival Noel James Patterson |
|birthname=Percival Noel James Patterson |
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|honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Nation|ON]] [[ |
|honorific-suffix = [[Order of the Nation|ON]] [[Order of the Caribbean Community|OCC]] [[King's Counsel|KC]] |
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|image=PJPatterson.jpg |
|image=PJPatterson.jpg |
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|caption=Patterson in 2005 |
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|order1= 6th [[Prime Minister of Jamaica]] |
|order1= 6th [[Prime Minister of Jamaica]] |
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|term_start1 = 30 March 1992 |
|term_start1 = 30 March 1992 |
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|term_end1 = 30 March 2006 |
|term_end1 = 30 March 2006 |
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|monarch1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |
|monarch1 = [[Elizabeth II]] |
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|governor_general1 = [[Howard Cooke]]<br>[[Kenneth O. Hall]] |
|governor_general1 = [[Howard Cooke|Sir Howard Cooke]]<br />[[Kenneth O. Hall|Sir Kenneth O. Hall]] |
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|deputy1 = [[ |
|deputy1 = [[Seymour Mullings]] (1993–2002) |
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|predecessor1 = [[Michael Manley]] |
|predecessor1 = [[Michael Manley]] |
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|successor1 = [[Portia Simpson-Miller]] |
|successor1 = [[Portia Simpson-Miller]] |
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|office2= |
|office2= Minister of Defence |
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|primeminister2 = ''Himself'' |
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|term_start2 = 30 March 1992 |
|term_start2 = 30 March 1992 |
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|term_end2 = 30 March 2006 |
|term_end2 = 30 March 2006 |
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|predecessor2 = [[Michael Manley]] |
|predecessor2 = [[Michael Manley]] |
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|successor2 = [[Portia Simpson-Miller]] |
|successor2 = [[Portia Simpson-Miller]] |
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|office3= |
|office3= [[Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica]] |
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|primeminister3 = [[Michael Manley]] |
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|term_start3 = February 1989 |
|term_start3 = February 1989 |
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|term_end3 = March 1992 |
|term_end3 = March 1992 |
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|predecessor3 = [[Hugh Shearer]] |
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|successor3 = Vacant |
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|primeminister4 = [[Michael Manley]] |
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|term_start4 = 1978 |
|term_start4 = 1978 |
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|term_end4 = 1980 |
|term_end4 = November 1980 |
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|predecessor4 = [[David Coore]] |
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|office5= [[Cabinet of Jamaica|Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade]] |
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|successor4 = [[Hugh Shearer]] |
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|office5 = President of the [[People's National Party]] |
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|term_start5 = 1978 |
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|term_start5 = 30 March 1992 |
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|term_end5 = 30 March 2006 |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1935|4|10|df=yes}} |
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|predecessor5 = [[Michael Manley]] |
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|birth_place = [[Hanover, Jamaica|Hanover]], [[Jamaica]] |
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|successor5 = [[Portia Simpson-Miller]] |
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|office6 = [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Jamaica)|Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade]] |
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|death_date = |
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|primeminister6 = [[Michael Manley]] |
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|death_place = |
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|predecessor6 = [[Dudley Thompson]] |
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|spouse= |
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|successor6 = [[Hugh Shearer]] |
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|party= [[People's National Party]] <small>(1967-present) |
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|term_start6 = 1978 |
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|term_end6 = 1980 |
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|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1935|4|10|df=yes}} |
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|birth_place = [[Hanover, Jamaica|Hanover]], [[Colony of Jamaica]] |
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|alma_mater = [[London School of Economics]] |
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|death_date = |
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|death_place = |
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|spouse = Shirley Field-Ridley (d. 1982)<ref name="Shirley Field-Ridley obituary">[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/06/28/obituaries/shirley-field-ridley-45-held-posts-in-the-guyana-cabinet.html "Shirley Field-Ridley, 45, Held Posts in the Guyana Cabinet" (obituary)], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 28 June 1982.</ref> |
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|children = Richard, Sharon<ref name="Shirley Field-Ridley obituary" /> |
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|party = [[People's National Party]] <small>(1967–present)</small> |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Percival Noel James Patterson''', [[Order of the Nation|ON]], [[ |
'''Percival Noel James Patterson''', {{postnominals|size=100%|post-noms=[[Order of the Nation|ON]], [[Order of the Caribbean Community|OCC]], [[King's Counsel|KC]]}} (born 10 April 1935), popularly known as '''P.J. Patterson''', is a [[Jamaican people|Jamaican]] former politician who served as the sixth [[Prime Minister of Jamaica]] from 1992 to 2006. He served in office for 14 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Jamaica's history. He was the leader of the [[People's National Party]] from 1992 to 2006. |
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Patterson served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Westmoreland South Eastern from 1970 to [[1980 Jamaican general election|1980]] (when he lost to Euphemia Williams of the [[Jamaica Labour Party]]) and again from 1989 to 1993. Following a constituency reorganization, he served as the MP for Westmoreland Eastern from 1993 to 2006. He retired from all of these positions in January 2006. |
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Cabinet positions held during his political career include Minister of Industry and Tourism; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade; Minister of Development, Planning and Production; Minister of Finance and Planning.<ref>[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/westernnews/33474_Profile-on-PJ-Patterson]</ref> |
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Cabinet positions he held during his political career include Minister of Industry and Tourism; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade; Minister of Development, Planning and Production; [[Minister of Finance and the Public Service|Minister of Finance]] and Planning.<ref>[http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/westernnews/33474_Profile-on-PJ-Patterson "Profile on PJ Patterson"]. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029210904/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/westernnews/33474_Profile-on-PJ-Patterson |date=29 October 2013}}, ''[[Jamaica Observer]]'', 12 October 2002.</ref> |
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==Education== |
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Patterson received his secondary education at one of Jamaica's most prominent learning institutions, [[Calabar High School]], before moving on to pursue higher studies at the [[University of the West Indies]] Mona Campus, and later the [[London School of Economics]]. |
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==Early life and education== |
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While pursuing his Bachelors degree at the [[University of the West Indies]], he served as Chairman of the university’s External Affairs Commission, where he gained exposure to world leaders and international political thought through attendance at a number of international student fora. It was also at university that he developed a commitment to [[Caribbean#Regionalism|Caribbean regionalism]] as well as to the causes of the countries of the developing world. |
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Patterson's parents were Henry Patterson, a farmer, and Ina James, a primary school teacher, who both hailed from the [[Hanover Parish]] in western [[Jamaica]]. He received his secondary education at Kingston's [[Calabar High School]], and pursued higher studies at the [[University of the West Indies|University College of West Indies]] and later the [[London School of Economics]].<ref name="NLJ biog">[https://nlj.gov.jm/biographies/rt-hon-percival-james-patterson-1935/ "The Rt. Hon. Percival James Patterson (1935 – )"], National Library of Jamaica. Retrieved 29 March 2019.</ref> |
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His time as a Law student at of the [[London School of Economics]] consolidated the foundation in international politics that his university experience in Jamaica had provided. |
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As an undergraduate at the [[University of the West Indies]] (UWI), he served as Chairman of UWI'S External Affairs Commission, where he gained exposure to world leaders and international political thought through attendance at a number of international student fora. It was also at UWI that he became committed to [[Caribbean#Regionalism|Caribbean regionalism]] and to the causes of countries of the developing world. In 1958, he graduated with a B.A. (Honours) in English.<ref name="NLJ biog" /> |
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During his enrolment at the [[Inns of Court]] (Middle Temple) he again came in contact with a number of future leaders of the countries of the developing world who were fellow students in England. |
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His time as a Law student of the [[London School of Economics]] consolidated his foundation in international politics and was awarded the Leverhume Scholarship, and the Sir Hughes Parry prize for Excellence in the Law of Contracts.<ref name="NLJ biog" /> While enrolled at the [[Inns of Court]] (Middle Temple), he and several of his fellow students were to become future leaders of the countries of the developing world. |
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==Early political life== |
==Early political life== |
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Patterson entered the [[Parliament of Jamaica]] and an Opposition Senator in 1969, appointed by Opposition Leader [[Norman Manley]]. He was elected the youngest ever Vice President of the [[People's National Party]] later that year at age 33. |
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Patterson joined the organising staff of the [[People's National Party]] (PNP) in 1958, and he became a member of the party's National and Executive Councils in 1964. Patterson entered the [[Parliament of Jamaica]] as an Opposition Senator in 1969, appointed by Opposition Leader [[Norman Manley]]. He was elected the youngest ever Vice President of the PNP later that year at age 33.<ref name="NLJ biog" /> |
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When in 1969 his predecessor as Prime Minister of Jamaica, [[Michael Manley]], launched his campaign for the Presidency of the PNP, he turned to P. J. Patterson, youngest of the highest-ranking segment of the party executive, to lead his campaign. This was the beginning of a partnership which endured over the next 23 years, and allowed for an exchange of political ideas and perspectives that proved beneficial to both. |
When in 1969 his predecessor as Prime Minister of Jamaica, [[Michael Manley]], launched his campaign for the Presidency of the PNP, he turned to P. J. Patterson, youngest of the highest-ranking segment of the party executive, to lead his campaign. This was the beginning of a partnership which endured over the next 23 years, and allowed for an exchange of political ideas and perspectives that proved beneficial to both. |
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Patterson was elected the Member of Parliament for Westmoreland South Eastern in the constituency's by-election of 1970. The constituency borders were reorganized prior to the [[Jamaican general election |
Patterson was elected the Member of Parliament for Westmoreland South Eastern in the constituency's by-election of 1970. The constituency borders were reorganized prior to the [[1993 Jamaican general election|general election of 1993]] and he was elected as the Member of Parliament for [[Westmoreland Eastern]] in that election, a seat he held until his retirement in 2006. |
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He was |
He was a campaign manager for the PNP's bid for power in the General Elections of 1972, demonstrating skill as a political organizer that played a significant role in the party's victory at the polls that year. This led to his first appointment to the Jamaican Cabinet as Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism. From 1978 to 1980, Patterson served as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica|deputy prime minister]] and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade.<ref name="NLJ biog" /> |
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The PNP were voted out of power in 1980, and Patterson lost his seat to [[Euphemia Williams]]. However, in 1983, he was elected party chairman, and the PNP won by a landslide in 1989, and Patterson was back as [[Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica|deputy prime minister]]. From 1989 to 1990, Patterson was also Minister of Development, Planning and Production, and from 1990 to 1991, he was [[Minister of Finance and the Public Service|Minister of Finance and Planning]].<ref name="NLJ biog" /> |
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==Premiership== |
==Premiership== |
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He assumed office as Prime Minister after [[Michael Manley]] retired in 1992, at a time when the Caribbean island nation was facing the formidable challenge of securing a place in a new global order of economic [[liberalization]] and [[deregulation]]. |
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He assumed office as Prime Minister after [[Michael Manley]] retired in 1992, at a time when the Caribbean island nation was facing the formidable challenge of securing a place in a new global order of economic [[liberalization]] and [[deregulation]]. In the [[1993 Jamaican general election]], held on March 30, Patterson led the PNP to a second consecutive victory in the polls, winning 52 of the 60 seats up for grabs, defeating former prime minister [[Edward Seaga]] of the [[Jamaica Labour Party]].<ref name="NLJ biog" /><ref name="Nohlen, Elections in the Americas">[[Dieter Nohlen|Nohlen, Dieter]] (2005), ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook'', Volume I, p. 430.</ref> |
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Patterson led efforts to strengthen the country’s social protection and security systems—a critical element of his economic and social policy agenda to mitigate, reduce poverty and social deprivation.<ref>Franklyn, Delano (ed.): 2002. ''The Challenges of Change: P. J. Patterson Budget Presentations 1992–2002''. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers.</ref> |
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Patterson led efforts to strengthen the country's social protection and security systems—a critical element of his economic and social policy agenda to mitigate, reduce poverty and social deprivation.<ref>[[Delano Franklyn|Franklyn, Delano]] (ed.): 2002. ''The Challenges of Change: P. J. Patterson Budget Presentations 1992–2002''. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers.</ref> |
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In the [[1997 Jamaican general election]], Patterson led the PNP to a third consecutive victory, breaking the "third-term barrier". The PNP won 50 of the 60 seats available.<ref name="Nohlen, Elections in the Americas" /> |
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His massive investments in modernization of Jamaica's [[infrastructure]] and restructuring of the country's financial sector are widely credited with having led to Jamaica's greatest period of investment in tourism, mining, [[Information and communication technologies|ICT]] and energy since the 1960s. He also ended Jamaica's 18-year borrowing relationship with the [[International Monetary Fund]],<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/country/jam/index.htm Jamaica and the IMF.]</ref> allowing the country greater latitude in pursuit of its economic policies. In 2002, when Patterson led the PNP to another general election victory, but with a much-reduced majority of 34 out of 60 seats. He became the first Jamaican prime minister to be sworn in for a fourth consecutive term.<ref name="NLJ biog" /><ref name="Nohlen, Elections in the Americas" /> |
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In September 2003, Patterson told a party conference that he wanted Jamaica to be a [[Republicanism in Jamaica|republic]] by the time he left office in 2007, saying "The majority of people in Jamaica are ready to consign to history the last vestiges of colonialism".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3127742.stm|title=Jamaica eyes republican future|work=BBC News|date=2003-09-22|access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> Patterson had long supported moves to make Jamaica a republic, but he was unsuccessful in this aim, as Jamaica is still a monarchy. In 2012, he expressed his frustration that a republic had still not come into being<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25129:pj-patterson-unhappy-with-pace-of-change-&catid=2:news&Itemid=5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814171652/http://www.thedailyherald.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25129:pj-patterson-unhappy-with-pace-of-change-&catid=2:news&Itemid=5|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-08-14|title=PJ Patterson unhappy with pace of change|newspaper=The Daily Herald|date=2012-02-09|access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> |
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His massive investments in modernization of Jamaica’s [[infrastructure]] and restructuring of the country's financial sector are widely credited with having led to Jamaica’s greatest period of investment in tourism, mining, [[Information and communication technologies|ICT]] and energy since the 1960s. He also ended Jamaica’s 18-year borrowing relationship with the [[International Monetary Fund]],<ref>[http://www.imf.org/external/country/jam/index.htm Jamaica and the IMF.]</ref> allowing the country greater latitude in pursuit of its economic policies. |
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He made international headlines in 2004 when, as Chairman of [[CARICOM]], he led the regional organization in the decision to refuse recognition of the [[Gérard Latortue]] government in Haiti following the removal of the democratically elected [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] from office. Patterson arranged for Aristide to take up temporary residence in Jamaica during Aristide's lawsuit against the United States and France accusing the countries of kidnapping him. |
He made international headlines in 2004 when, as Chairman of [[CARICOM]], he led the regional organization in the decision to refuse recognition of the [[Gérard Latortue]] government in Haiti following the removal of the democratically elected [[Jean-Bertrand Aristide]] from office. Patterson arranged for Aristide to take up temporary residence in Jamaica during Aristide's lawsuit against the United States and France accusing the countries of kidnapping him. |
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In one of his final initiatives as Prime Minister, he launched a program of radical transformation of the |
In one of his final initiatives as Prime Minister, he launched a program of radical transformation of the island's [[education]] system aimed at development of quality human capital equipped to succeed in the competitive [[globalization|global economy]].<ref>Franklyn, Delano (ed.), 2002. ''A Jamaican Voice in the Caribbean and World Politics: P. J. Patterson Selected Speeches 1992–2000''. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers.</ref> In addition, Patterson presided over a significant decline in poverty during his time in office.<ref>Estanislao Gacitúa-Marió, Andrew Norton and Sophia V. Georgieva, ''Building Equality and Opportunity through Social Guarantees: new approaches to public policy and the realization of rights''.</ref> |
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Patterson retired as prime minister on 30 January 2006, and he was succeeded as PM by [[Portia Simpson-Miller]]. He was succeeded as MP by [[Luther Buchanan]]. |
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==Allegations of homosexuality== |
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Rumors of Patterson being a homosexual followed him throughout his political career. Patterson, in June 2001, found it necessary to deny them to the nation: "My credentials as a lifelong heterosexual person are impeccable."<ref>[http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/pages/gay/homophobia.html Garwin Davis, "Special feature: Gays in Jamaica - Homophobia remains high", ''The Jamaica Gleaner'', 26 July 2001.]</ref> |
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==Post-premiership== |
==Post-premiership== |
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Following his premiership, from 2006 to 2007, he chaired the [[Committee on Commonwealth Membership]], which presented its report<ref>[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=174532 Report of the Committee on Commonwealth Membership, 2007 CHOGM.]</ref> on potential changes in [[Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria|membership criteria]] for the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] at the [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007]] in [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]]. |
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Following his premiership, from 2006 to 2007, he chaired the [[Committee on Commonwealth Membership]], which presented its report<ref>[http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=174532 Report of the Committee on Commonwealth Membership, 2007 CHOGM.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426044116/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=174532 |date=26 April 2009 }}</ref> on potential changes in [[Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria|membership criteria]] for the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] at the [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007]] in [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]]. |
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==International service== |
==International service== |
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Patterson is a member of the Club de Madrid, a group that consists of more than 80 former Presidents and Prime Ministers of democratic countries, which works to strengthen democracy and democratic leadership worldwide.<ref>[http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/estructura/former_heads_of_state_and_government_1/letra:p Club de Madrid website.]</ref> |
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Patterson is a member of the [[Club of Madrid]], a group that consists of more than 100 former presidents and prime ministers of democratic countries, which works to strengthen democracy and democratic leadership worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/estructura/former_heads_of_state_and_government_1/letra:p |title=Club de Madrid website. |access-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204848/http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/estructura/former_heads_of_state_and_government_1/letra:p |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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Patterson has contributed to numerous Conventions and Statements in the international arena including the Valletta Statement on Multilateral Trade and the Gozo Statement on Vulnerable Small States. These have helped to shape north-south relationship and influence the negotiating position of developing countries. |
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Patterson has contributed to numerous Conventions and Statements in the international arena including the Valletta Statement on Multilateral Trade and the Gozo Statement on Vulnerable Small States. These have helped to shape north–south relationship and influence the negotiating position of developing countries. |
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He is a member of the [[Global Leadership Foundation]], an [[NGO]] composed of a number of former statesmen, ex-presidents and Prime Ministers founded in 2004 by former State President of [[South Africa]] and [[Nobel Prize]] laureate [[F. W. de Klerk]]. The Global Leadership Foundation is an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today’s national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them. |
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He is a member of the [[Global Leadership Foundation]], an [[NGO]] composed of a number of former statesmen, ex-presidents and prime ministers founded in 2004 by former State President of [[South Africa]] and [[Nobel Prize]] laureate, the late [[F. W. de Klerk]]. The Global Leadership Foundation is an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them. |
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He played a seminal role in the process that marked the transition from the first steps in integration of the Caribbean region to the founding of CARIFTA and its evolution into [[CARICOM]]. He drew upon his expertise in law and trade, to steer the regional body toward the development of a Caribbean jurisprudence through the [[Caribbean Court of Justice]], and a borderless regional economy through the [[CARICOM Single Market]], which came to fruition in 2005 and 2006 respectively. |
He played a seminal role in the process that marked the transition from the first steps in integration of the Caribbean region to the founding of CARIFTA and its evolution into [[CARICOM]]. He drew upon his expertise in law and trade, to steer the regional body toward the development of a Caribbean jurisprudence through the [[Caribbean Court of Justice]], and a borderless regional economy through the [[CARICOM Single Market]], which came to fruition in 2005 and 2006 respectively. |
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During his tenure as |
During his tenure as Jamaica's foreign minister he served as president of the [[African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States|ACP]]/[[European Union|EU]] Ministerial Council and led negotiations for the [[African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States|ACP]] group of countries with the European Community. As chairman of the ACP/EEC Ministerial Conference, he played a pivotal role in forging an agreement on the basic framework for the original [[Lomé Convention]], which influenced the outcome of subsequent negotiations that led to the Convention signed in 1975. He has served as president and spokesman of the ACP Ministerial Council on a number of occasions. |
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A passionate opponent of [[apartheid]], he was an ardent proponent of [[South Africa]]'s liberation movement. |
A passionate opponent of [[apartheid]], he was an ardent proponent of [[South Africa]]'s liberation movement. |
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==Memberships and awards== |
==Memberships and awards== |
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Upon becoming the Prime Minister of Jamaica in 1992 Patterson was invested with the [[Order of the Nation]], allowing him to be known as "The Most Honourable" and to use the post-nominal letters "ON". |
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Upon becoming the prime minister of Jamaica in 1992, Patterson was invested with the [[Order of the Nation]], allowing him to be known as "The Most Honourable" and to use the post-nominal letters "ON". |
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In 2006, he was invested with the [[Order of Excellence of Guyana]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20070807150647/http://www.op.gov.gy/stories/060529.html] allowing him to use the post-nominal letters "OE". [http://medals.org.uk/guyana/guyana001.htm] On 2 July 2009 he invested with the [[Order of the Caribbean Community]] allowing him to use the post-nominal letters "OCC".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://caricom.org/caricoms-highest-award-for-former-jamaica-prime-minister-p-j-patterson/|title=CARICOM's Highest Award for Former Prime Minister of Jamaica P.J. Patterson|website=caricom.org|date=27 June 2009 }}</ref> |
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On 13 April 2022, Patterson resigned as a [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] member.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://privycouncil.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2022-04-13-List-of-Business.pdf|title=List of Business – 13 April 2022, Privy Council|website=GOV.UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://radiojamaicanewsonline.com/local/patterson-resigns-as-privy-council-member|title=Patterson resigns as Privy Council member|website=Radio Jamaica News}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{succession box|title=Leader of the [[People's National Party]]|before=[[Michael Manley]]|after=[[Portia Simpson-Miller]]| years= |
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{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Jamaica]]|before=[[Michael Manley]]|after=[[Portia Simpson-Miller]]| years= |
{{succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Jamaica]]|before=[[Michael Manley]]|after=[[Portia Simpson-Miller]]| years=1992–2006}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME =Patterson, P. J. |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Jamaican Prime Minister |
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| DATE OF BIRTH =10 April 1935 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Hanover, Jamaica|Hanover]], [[Jamaica]] |
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| DATE OF DEATH = |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Patterson, P. J.}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Patterson, P. J.}} |
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[[Category:1935 births]] |
[[Category:1935 births]] |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Alumni of the University of London]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Alumni of University of London Worldwide]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Deputy prime ministers of Jamaica]] |
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[[Category:Finance ministers of Jamaica]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Jamaican lawyers]] |
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[[Category:Jamaican King's Counsel]] |
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[[Category:Jamaican republicans]] |
[[Category:Jamaican republicans]] |
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[[Category:People educated at Calabar High School]] |
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[[Category:People from Hanover Parish]] |
[[Category:People from Hanover Parish]] |
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[[Category:People's National Party (Jamaica) politicians]] |
[[Category:People's National Party (Jamaica) politicians]] |
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[[Category:Prime ministers of Jamaica]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Caribbean Community]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Excellence of Guyana]] |
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Excellence of Guyana]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the |
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo]] |
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[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Nation]] |
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[[Category:Tourism ministers of Jamaica]] |
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[[Category:University of the West Indies alumni]] |
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[[Category:20th-century Jamaican politicians]] |
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[[Category:21st-century Jamaican politicians]] |
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[[Category:People who resigned from the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] |
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Latest revision as of 20:38, 21 September 2024
P. J. Patterson | |
|---|---|
 Patterson in 2005 | |
| 6th Prime Minister of Jamaica | |
| In office 30 March 1992 – 30 March 2006 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governors General | Sir Howard Cooke Sir Kenneth O. Hall |
| Deputy | Seymour Mullings (1993–2002) |
| Preceded by | Michael Manley |
| Succeeded by | Portia Simpson-Miller |
| Minister of Defence | |
| In office 30 March 1992 – 30 March 2006 | |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Michael Manley |
| Succeeded by | Portia Simpson-Miller |
| Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica | |
| In office February 1989 – March 1992 | |
| Prime Minister | Michael Manley |
| Preceded by | Hugh Shearer |
| Succeeded by | Vacant |
| In office 1978 – November 1980 | |
| Prime Minister | Michael Manley |
| Preceded by | David Coore |
| Succeeded by | Hugh Shearer |
| President of the People's National Party | |
| In office 30 March 1992 – 30 March 2006 | |
| Preceded by | Michael Manley |
| Succeeded by | Portia Simpson-Miller |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade | |
| In office 1978–1980 | |
| Prime Minister | Michael Manley |
| Preceded by | Dudley Thompson |
| Succeeded by | Hugh Shearer |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Percival Noel James Patterson 10 April 1935 Hanover, Colony of Jamaica |
| Political party | People's National Party (1967–present) |
| Spouse | Shirley Field-Ridley (d. 1982)[1] |
| Children | Richard, Sharon[1] |
| Alma mater | London School of Economics |
Percival Noel James Patterson, ON, OCC, KC (born 10 April 1935), popularly known as P.J. Patterson, is a Jamaican former politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1992 to 2006. He served in office for 14 years, making him the longest-serving prime minister in Jamaica's history. He was the leader of the People's National Party from 1992 to 2006.
Patterson served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Westmoreland South Eastern from 1970 to 1980 (when he lost to Euphemia Williams of the Jamaica Labour Party) and again from 1989 to 1993. Following a constituency reorganization, he served as the MP for Westmoreland Eastern from 1993 to 2006. He retired from all of these positions in January 2006.
Cabinet positions he held during his political career include Minister of Industry and Tourism; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade; Minister of Development, Planning and Production; Minister of Finance and Planning.[2]
Early life and education
[edit]Patterson's parents were Henry Patterson, a farmer, and Ina James, a primary school teacher, who both hailed from the Hanover Parish in western Jamaica. He received his secondary education at Kingston's Calabar High School, and pursued higher studies at the University College of West Indies and later the London School of Economics.[3]
As an undergraduate at the University of the West Indies (UWI), he served as Chairman of UWI'S External Affairs Commission, where he gained exposure to world leaders and international political thought through attendance at a number of international student fora. It was also at UWI that he became committed to Caribbean regionalism and to the causes of countries of the developing world. In 1958, he graduated with a B.A. (Honours) in English.[3]
His time as a Law student of the London School of Economics consolidated his foundation in international politics and was awarded the Leverhume Scholarship, and the Sir Hughes Parry prize for Excellence in the Law of Contracts.[3] While enrolled at the Inns of Court (Middle Temple), he and several of his fellow students were to become future leaders of the countries of the developing world.
Early political life
[edit]Patterson joined the organising staff of the People's National Party (PNP) in 1958, and he became a member of the party's National and Executive Councils in 1964. Patterson entered the Parliament of Jamaica as an Opposition Senator in 1969, appointed by Opposition Leader Norman Manley. He was elected the youngest ever Vice President of the PNP later that year at age 33.[3]
When in 1969 his predecessor as Prime Minister of Jamaica, Michael Manley, launched his campaign for the Presidency of the PNP, he turned to P. J. Patterson, youngest of the highest-ranking segment of the party executive, to lead his campaign. This was the beginning of a partnership which endured over the next 23 years, and allowed for an exchange of political ideas and perspectives that proved beneficial to both.
Patterson was elected the Member of Parliament for Westmoreland South Eastern in the constituency's by-election of 1970. The constituency borders were reorganized prior to the general election of 1993 and he was elected as the Member of Parliament for Westmoreland Eastern in that election, a seat he held until his retirement in 2006.
He was a campaign manager for the PNP's bid for power in the General Elections of 1972, demonstrating skill as a political organizer that played a significant role in the party's victory at the polls that year. This led to his first appointment to the Jamaican Cabinet as Minister of Industry, Trade and Tourism. From 1978 to 1980, Patterson served as deputy prime minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade.[3]
The PNP were voted out of power in 1980, and Patterson lost his seat to Euphemia Williams. However, in 1983, he was elected party chairman, and the PNP won by a landslide in 1989, and Patterson was back as deputy prime minister. From 1989 to 1990, Patterson was also Minister of Development, Planning and Production, and from 1990 to 1991, he was Minister of Finance and Planning.[3]
Premiership
[edit]He assumed office as Prime Minister after Michael Manley retired in 1992, at a time when the Caribbean island nation was facing the formidable challenge of securing a place in a new global order of economic liberalization and deregulation. In the 1993 Jamaican general election, held on March 30, Patterson led the PNP to a second consecutive victory in the polls, winning 52 of the 60 seats up for grabs, defeating former prime minister Edward Seaga of the Jamaica Labour Party.[3][4]
Patterson led efforts to strengthen the country's social protection and security systems—a critical element of his economic and social policy agenda to mitigate, reduce poverty and social deprivation.[5]
In the 1997 Jamaican general election, Patterson led the PNP to a third consecutive victory, breaking the "third-term barrier". The PNP won 50 of the 60 seats available.[4]
His massive investments in modernization of Jamaica's infrastructure and restructuring of the country's financial sector are widely credited with having led to Jamaica's greatest period of investment in tourism, mining, ICT and energy since the 1960s. He also ended Jamaica's 18-year borrowing relationship with the International Monetary Fund,[6] allowing the country greater latitude in pursuit of its economic policies. In 2002, when Patterson led the PNP to another general election victory, but with a much-reduced majority of 34 out of 60 seats. He became the first Jamaican prime minister to be sworn in for a fourth consecutive term.[3][4]
In September 2003, Patterson told a party conference that he wanted Jamaica to be a republic by the time he left office in 2007, saying "The majority of people in Jamaica are ready to consign to history the last vestiges of colonialism".[7] Patterson had long supported moves to make Jamaica a republic, but he was unsuccessful in this aim, as Jamaica is still a monarchy. In 2012, he expressed his frustration that a republic had still not come into being[8]
He made international headlines in 2004 when, as Chairman of CARICOM, he led the regional organization in the decision to refuse recognition of the Gérard Latortue government in Haiti following the removal of the democratically elected Jean-Bertrand Aristide from office. Patterson arranged for Aristide to take up temporary residence in Jamaica during Aristide's lawsuit against the United States and France accusing the countries of kidnapping him.
In one of his final initiatives as Prime Minister, he launched a program of radical transformation of the island's education system aimed at development of quality human capital equipped to succeed in the competitive global economy.[9] In addition, Patterson presided over a significant decline in poverty during his time in office.[10]
Patterson retired as prime minister on 30 January 2006, and he was succeeded as PM by Portia Simpson-Miller. He was succeeded as MP by Luther Buchanan.
Post-premiership
[edit]Following his premiership, from 2006 to 2007, he chaired the Committee on Commonwealth Membership, which presented its report[11] on potential changes in membership criteria for the Commonwealth of Nations at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007 in Kampala, Uganda.
International service
[edit]Patterson is a member of the Club of Madrid, a group that consists of more than 100 former presidents and prime ministers of democratic countries, which works to strengthen democracy and democratic leadership worldwide.[12]
Patterson has contributed to numerous Conventions and Statements in the international arena including the Valletta Statement on Multilateral Trade and the Gozo Statement on Vulnerable Small States. These have helped to shape north–south relationship and influence the negotiating position of developing countries.
He is a member of the Global Leadership Foundation, an NGO composed of a number of former statesmen, ex-presidents and prime ministers founded in 2004 by former State President of South Africa and Nobel Prize laureate, the late F. W. de Klerk. The Global Leadership Foundation is an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with Heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them.
He played a seminal role in the process that marked the transition from the first steps in integration of the Caribbean region to the founding of CARIFTA and its evolution into CARICOM. He drew upon his expertise in law and trade, to steer the regional body toward the development of a Caribbean jurisprudence through the Caribbean Court of Justice, and a borderless regional economy through the CARICOM Single Market, which came to fruition in 2005 and 2006 respectively.
During his tenure as Jamaica's foreign minister he served as president of the ACP/EU Ministerial Council and led negotiations for the ACP group of countries with the European Community. As chairman of the ACP/EEC Ministerial Conference, he played a pivotal role in forging an agreement on the basic framework for the original Lomé Convention, which influenced the outcome of subsequent negotiations that led to the Convention signed in 1975. He has served as president and spokesman of the ACP Ministerial Council on a number of occasions.
A passionate opponent of apartheid, he was an ardent proponent of South Africa's liberation movement.
Memberships and awards
[edit]Upon becoming the prime minister of Jamaica in 1992, Patterson was invested with the Order of the Nation, allowing him to be known as "The Most Honourable" and to use the post-nominal letters "ON".
In 2006, he was invested with the Order of Excellence of Guyana, [1] allowing him to use the post-nominal letters "OE". [2] On 2 July 2009 he invested with the Order of the Caribbean Community allowing him to use the post-nominal letters "OCC".[13]
On 13 April 2022, Patterson resigned as a Privy Council member.[14][15]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Shirley Field-Ridley, 45, Held Posts in the Guyana Cabinet" (obituary), The New York Times, 28 June 1982.
- ^ "Profile on PJ Patterson". Archived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Jamaica Observer, 12 October 2002.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "The Rt. Hon. Percival James Patterson (1935 – )", National Library of Jamaica. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^ a b c Nohlen, Dieter (2005), Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p. 430.
- ^ Franklyn, Delano (ed.): 2002. The Challenges of Change: P. J. Patterson Budget Presentations 1992–2002. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers.
- ^ Jamaica and the IMF.
- ^ "Jamaica eyes republican future". BBC News. 22 September 2003. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
- ^ "PJ Patterson unhappy with pace of change". The Daily Herald. 9 February 2012. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
- ^ Franklyn, Delano (ed.), 2002. A Jamaican Voice in the Caribbean and World Politics: P. J. Patterson Selected Speeches 1992–2000. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers.
- ^ Estanislao Gacitúa-Marió, Andrew Norton and Sophia V. Georgieva, Building Equality and Opportunity through Social Guarantees: new approaches to public policy and the realization of rights.
- ^ Report of the Committee on Commonwealth Membership, 2007 CHOGM. Archived 26 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Club de Madrid website". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
- ^ "CARICOM's Highest Award for Former Prime Minister of Jamaica P.J. Patterson". caricom.org. 27 June 2009.
- ^ "List of Business – 13 April 2022, Privy Council" (PDF). GOV.UK.
- ^ "Patterson resigns as Privy Council member". Radio Jamaica News.
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† Served as Chief Minister of Jamaica. ‡ Served as Premier of Jamaica. | |||
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
- 1935 births
- Living people
- Alumni of the London School of Economics
- Alumni of the University of London
- Alumni of University of London Worldwide
- Deputy prime ministers of Jamaica
- Finance ministers of Jamaica
- 20th-century Jamaican lawyers
- Jamaican King's Counsel
- Jamaican republicans
- People educated at Calabar High School
- People from Hanover Parish
- People's National Party (Jamaica) politicians
- Prime ministers of Jamaica
- Recipients of the Order of the Caribbean Community
- Recipients of the Order of Excellence of Guyana
- Recipients of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo
- Recipients of the Order of the Nation
- Tourism ministers of Jamaica
- University of the West Indies alumni
- 20th-century Jamaican politicians
- 21st-century Jamaican politicians
- People who resigned from the Privy Council of the United Kingdom