Wildlife of Cyprus: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Cyprus mouflon (Ovis gmelini ophion).jpg|thumb|Male [[Cyprus mouflon|Cypriot mouflon]]]] |
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| ⚫ | The '''wildlife of Cyprus''' includes its [[flora]] and [[fauna]] and their |
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[[File:Cyprus wheatear (Oenanthe cypriaca) juvenile 2.jpg|thumb|[[Cyprus wheatear]]]] |
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[[File:Troodos lizard (Phoenicolacerta troodica).jpg|thumb|[[Phoenicolacerta troodica|Troodos lizard]]]] |
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[[File:Cyprus water frogs (Pelophylax cypriensis).jpg|thumb|[[Pelophylax cypriensis|Cyprus water frogs]]]] |
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[[File:Persian blue (Ischnura intermedia) immature female aurantiaca.jpg|thumb|[[Ischnura intermedia|Female Persian blue damselfly]]]] |
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| ⚫ | The '''wildlife of Cyprus''' includes its [[flora]] and [[fauna]] and their natural [[habitats]]. [[Cyprus]] has a rich flora and a diverse fauna albeit with relatively few [[mammal]]s. Like most modern countries, the natural habitats in Cyprus have been steadily disappearing, currently retaining only 20% of its original habitat due to rapid [[urbanization]], usage of forests for commercial purposes, [[tourism]] and various other reasons.<ref name="wwf-report">{{WWF ecoregion|id=pa1206|name=Cyprus Mediterranean forests|access-date=2009-10-02}}</ref> One of the features of Cyprus' habitats is the wild and sharp differences in elevations and habitats on the island as well as climate, all of which supply a diverse habitat for an array of fauna and flora.<ref name="nat-geo">{{NatGeo ecoregion|id=pa1206|name=Cyprus Ecoregion profile|access-date=2009-10-02}}</ref> Terra Cypria was established as a trust in 1992 to conserve the Cypriot environment and its biodiversity.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sparrow, David J; Sparrow, Rosalyn & De Knijf, Geert, in: Sparrow, David J. and John, Eddie (Eds.) |title=An Introduction to the Wildlife of Cyprus|publisher=Terra Cypria |date=2016 |isbn=978-9963-601-45-5|page= |url= }}</ref> |
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==Fauna== |
==Fauna== |
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===Amphibians=== |
===Amphibians=== |
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{{Main|List of amphibians of Cyprus}} |
{{Main|List of amphibians of Cyprus}} |
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The fauna of Cyprus has |
The fauna of Cyprus has four [[amphibians]]. |
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===Birds=== |
===Birds=== |
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{{Main|List of birds of Cyprus}} |
{{Main|List of birds of Cyprus}} |
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Cyprus also has over 380 |
Cyprus also has over 380 [[species]] of [[bird]] due to being on migration routes between Africa, Europe and western Asia including Eleonora's falcon (''[[Falco eleonorae]]''), [[flamingo]] and the imperial eagle (''[[Aquila heliaca]]''). There are two [[endemic]] species of songbirds, the [[Cyprus warbler]] (''Sylvia melanothorax'') and the [[Cyprus wheatear]] (''Oenanthe cypriaca''). Both only breed on the island of Cyprus and migrate south to overwinter.<ref>{{cite web|title=RSPB Mass killing continues on British military base in Cyprus|url=http://www.birdguides.com/iris/pictures.asp?f=433834|website=BirdGuides|access-date=16 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120211328/http://www.birdguides.com/iris/pictures.asp?f=433834|archive-date=20 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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===Mammals=== |
===Mammals=== |
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{{Main|List of mammals of Cyprus}} |
{{Main|List of mammals of Cyprus}} |
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Cyprus is currently home to 21 known [[mammals]], of which three are [[endangered]].<ref name="earthtrends">{{cite web|url=http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/bio_cou_196.pdf|title=Biodiversity and Protected Areas - Cyprus|publisher=EarthTrends| |
Cyprus is currently home to 21 known [[mammals]], of which three are [[endangered]].<ref name="earthtrends">{{cite web|url=http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/bio_cou_196.pdf|title=Biodiversity and Protected Areas - Cyprus|publisher=EarthTrends|access-date=2009-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081129002913/http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/bio_cou_196.pdf|archive-date=2008-11-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> The largest wild animal and mammal currently residing in Cyprus is the [[endemism|endemic]] [[Cyprus mouflon|Cypriot mouflon]]. Other notable mammals are the large endangered [[Mediterranean monk seal]]<ref name="ani-info">{{cite web|url=http://www.animalinfo.org/country/cyprus.htm|title=Animal Info - Cyprus|publisher=Animal Info|access-date=2009-10-02}}</ref> and the endemic [[Cypriot mouse]], which is the only remaining endemic [[rodent]] on the [[Mediterranean]] islands.<ref name="mus-cyp">{{cite web|url=http://www.nctimes.com/news/science/article_3f52b0d4-74ae-50c3-b7b0-288b44a6996e.html|title='Living fossil' mouse found on Cyprus|last=Wagner|first=Thomas|date=October 13, 2006|access-date=2009-10-11|publisher=[[North County Times]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905010332/http://www.nctimes.com/news/science/article_3f52b0d4-74ae-50c3-b7b0-288b44a6996e.html|archive-date=September 5, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> During the [[Late Pleistocene]], the [[Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus]], the [[Cyprus dwarf elephant]] and a species of [[Genet (animal)|genet]] (''[[Genetta plesictoides]]'') were also native to the island, but became extinct at the beginning of the [[Holocene]], following the arrival of humans to Cyprus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Athanassiou |first=Athanassios |last2=van der Geer |first2=Alexandra A.E. |last3=Lyras |first3=George A. |date=August 2019 |title=Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379119300848 |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |language=en |volume=218 |pages=306–321 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.028}}</ref> |
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===Reptiles=== |
===Reptiles=== |
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{{Main|List of reptiles of Cyprus}} |
{{Main|List of reptiles of Cyprus}} |
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Most of the reptiles of Cyprus are harmless, and non-venomous such as the [[Cyprus whip snake]] (''Hierophis cypriensis'') and the |
Most of the reptiles of Cyprus are harmless, and non-venomous such as the [[Cyprus whip snake]] (''Hierophis cypriensis'') and the European blind snake (''[[Typhlops vermicularis]])''. Other snakes, [[European cat snake]] (''Telescopus fallax'') and Montpellier snake (''[[Malpolon monspessulanus]]'') are nominally venomous, but neither aggressive nor particularly dangerous. In contrast, the [[Macrovipera lebetina lebetina|Cyprian blunt-nosed viper]], (''Macrovipera lebetina lebetina''), though not aggressive, is a large, [[Snake skeleton|front-fanged]] [[Viperidae|viper]]. Its bite is dangerous even to large mammals, including people.<ref name="herptiles">Atatür, M. K and Göçmen, B. (2001). [http://sci.ege.edu.tr/~bgocmen/herptiles_cyprus.html Amphibians and Reptiles of Northern Cyprus (1st Edition)], Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi, No. 170, Ege Üniversitesi Basimevi, Bornova-Izmir, 63 pp. Retrieved 2010-07-21.</ref> Three of the reptile species on Cyprus, including ''Macrovipera lebetina'', are endangered.<ref name="earthtrends"/> |
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Cyprus has several species of lizards and a few species of turtles such as [[Caretta caretta|loggerhead sea turtle]] (''Caretta caretta'' |
Cyprus has several species of lizards and a few species of turtles such as [[Caretta caretta|loggerhead sea turtle]] (''Caretta caretta''). |
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===Arachnids=== |
===Arachnids=== |
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Cyprus has an especially wide array of arachnids with around 60 species of spiders, including |
Cyprus has an especially wide array of arachnids with around 60 species of spiders, including the European tarantula (''[[Lycosa tarantula]]'').<ref>{{cite web|last1=Norman|first1=Alix|title=The world of the Cypriot spider|url=http://cyprus-mail.com/2014/04/29/the-world-of-the-cypriot-spider/|website=Cyprus Mail|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref> |
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==Flora== |
==Flora== |
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Latest revision as of 15:55, 22 September 2024
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The wildlife of Cyprus includes its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. Cyprus has a rich flora and a diverse fauna albeit with relatively few mammals. Like most modern countries, the natural habitats in Cyprus have been steadily disappearing, currently retaining only 20% of its original habitat due to rapid urbanization, usage of forests for commercial purposes, tourism and various other reasons.[1] One of the features of Cyprus' habitats is the wild and sharp differences in elevations and habitats on the island as well as climate, all of which supply a diverse habitat for an array of fauna and flora.[2] Terra Cypria was established as a trust in 1992 to conserve the Cypriot environment and its biodiversity.[3]
Fauna
[edit]Amphibians
[edit]The fauna of Cyprus has four amphibians.
Birds
[edit]Cyprus also has over 380 species of bird due to being on migration routes between Africa, Europe and western Asia including Eleonora's falcon (Falco eleonorae), flamingo and the imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca). There are two endemic species of songbirds, the Cyprus warbler (Sylvia melanothorax) and the Cyprus wheatear (Oenanthe cypriaca). Both only breed on the island of Cyprus and migrate south to overwinter.[4]
Mammals
[edit]Cyprus is currently home to 21 known mammals, of which three are endangered.[5] The largest wild animal and mammal currently residing in Cyprus is the endemic Cypriot mouflon. Other notable mammals are the large endangered Mediterranean monk seal[6] and the endemic Cypriot mouse, which is the only remaining endemic rodent on the Mediterranean islands.[7] During the Late Pleistocene, the Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus, the Cyprus dwarf elephant and a species of genet (Genetta plesictoides) were also native to the island, but became extinct at the beginning of the Holocene, following the arrival of humans to Cyprus.[8]
Reptiles
[edit]Most of the reptiles of Cyprus are harmless, and non-venomous such as the Cyprus whip snake (Hierophis cypriensis) and the European blind snake (Typhlops vermicularis). Other snakes, European cat snake (Telescopus fallax) and Montpellier snake (Malpolon monspessulanus) are nominally venomous, but neither aggressive nor particularly dangerous. In contrast, the Cyprian blunt-nosed viper, (Macrovipera lebetina lebetina), though not aggressive, is a large, front-fanged viper. Its bite is dangerous even to large mammals, including people.[9] Three of the reptile species on Cyprus, including Macrovipera lebetina, are endangered.[5]
Cyprus has several species of lizards and a few species of turtles such as loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta).
Arachnids
[edit]Cyprus has an especially wide array of arachnids with around 60 species of spiders, including the European tarantula (Lycosa tarantula).[10]
Flora
[edit]The flora of Cyprus contains about 1800 species, of which circa 128 are endemic.[1] The flora also include invasive species such as prickly pears and the yellow oxalis.
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Cyprus Mediterranean forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001). "Cyprus Ecoregion profile". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ Sparrow, David J; Sparrow, Rosalyn & De Knijf, Geert, in: Sparrow, David J. and John, Eddie (Eds.) (2016). An Introduction to the Wildlife of Cyprus. Terra Cypria. ISBN 978-9963-601-45-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "RSPB Mass killing continues on British military base in Cyprus". BirdGuides. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Biodiversity and Protected Areas - Cyprus" (PDF). EarthTrends. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-29. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ "Animal Info - Cyprus". Animal Info. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
- ^ Wagner, Thomas (October 13, 2006). "'Living fossil' mouse found on Cyprus". North County Times. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ Athanassiou, Athanassios; van der Geer, Alexandra A.E.; Lyras, George A. (August 2019). "Pleistocene insular Proboscidea of the Eastern Mediterranean: A review and update". Quaternary Science Reviews. 218: 306–321. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.06.028.
- ^ Atatür, M. K and Göçmen, B. (2001). Amphibians and Reptiles of Northern Cyprus (1st Edition), Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Kitaplar Serisi, No. 170, Ege Üniversitesi Basimevi, Bornova-Izmir, 63 pp. Retrieved 2010-07-21.
- ^ Norman, Alix. "The world of the Cypriot spider". Cyprus Mail. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
