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{{Short description|German electrical engineer (1897–1969)}}
==hi==
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==References==


{{Infobox scientist
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* Knoll, Max & Kügler, J. (1959). "Subjective Light Pattern Spectroscopy in the Electroencephalic Range". ''Nature'' (London) 184:1823–1824.
| name = Max Knoll
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{{reflist}}
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1897|07|17|df=y}}
| birth_name = Max Knoll
| birth_place = [[Wiesbaden]], [[Hesse]], [[Germany]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1969|11|06|1897|07|17|df=y}}
| death_place =
| field = [[Physics]]
| work_institution = [[Technische Universität Berlin]], [[Telefunken]], [[University of Munich]], [[Princeton University]], [[Technical University Munich|Technische Hochschule München]]
| alma_mater =
| doctoral_advisor =
| relatives =
| known_for = [[Electron microscope|Electron Microscopy]]
| prizes =
| footnotes =
}}


'''Max Knoll '''(17 July 1897 &ndash; 6 November 1969)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Max Knoll {{!}} Science Museum Group Collection |url=https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/people/cp50265/max-knoll |access-date=2024-05-24 |website=collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> was a German [[electrical engineer]] and co-inventor of the [[electron microscope]].
Knoll was born in [[Wiesbaden]] and studied at the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich|University of Munich]] and at the [[Technischen Hochschulen]] in [[Technical University Munich|Munich]] and [[Technische Universität Berlin|Berlin-Charlottenburg]], where he obtained his [[doctorate]] in the Institute for [[High Voltage]] Technology. In 1927 he became the leader of the electron research group there, where he and his co-worker, [[Ernst Ruska]], invented the electron microscope in 1931.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Freundlich |first=Martin M. |date=1963 |title=Origin of the Electron Microscope |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1712183 |journal=Science |volume=142 |issue=3589 |pages=185–188 |doi=10.1126/science.142.3589.185 |jstor=1712183 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-07-16 |title=Ernst Ruska - Autobiography |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/ruska-autobio.html |access-date=2024-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716030249/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1986/ruska-autobio.html |archive-date=2006-07-16 }}</ref> In April 1932, Knoll joined [[Telefunken]] in [[Berlin]] to do developmental work in the field of [[television]] design. He was also a private lecturer in Berlin.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

After [[World War II]], Knoll joined the [[University of Munich]] as an extraordinary professor and director of the Institute for Electromedicine. He moved to the [[United States|USA]] in 1948, to work at the Department of [[Electrical Engineering]] at [[Princeton University]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

In 1956 he returned to Munich and engaged in a series of experiments at the [[Technical University Munich|Technische Hochschule]], involving the generation of [[phosphene]]s by [[Electrical brain stimulation|electrically stimulating the brains]] of himself and other subjects.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Knoll |first1=M. |last2=Kugler |first2=J. |last3=Höfer |first3=O. |last4=Lawder |first4=S.D. |date=2007-06-20 |title=Effects of Chemical Stimulation of Electrically-Induced Phosphenes on their Bandwidth, Shape, Number and Intensity |url=https://doi.org/10.1159/000104299 |journal=Confinia Neurologica |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=201–226 |doi=10.1159/000104299 |issn=0010-5678}}</ref> He retired in 1966.

==See also==
*[[Scanning electron microscope]]
*[[Transmission electron microscopy]]
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*Knoll, Max & Kügler, J. (1959). "Subjective Light Pattern Spectroscopy in the Electroencephalic Range". ''Nature'' (London) 184:1823–1824.

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==References==
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{{reflist}}
{{Electron microscopy}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Engineering educators]]
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[[Category:German electrical engineers]]
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[[Category:German inventors|Knoll, Max]]
[[Category:20th-century German inventors|Knoll, Max]]
[[Category:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]]
[[Category:Microscopists]]
[[Category:Microscopists]]
[[Category:Princeton University faculty]]
[[Category:Princeton University faculty]]
[[Category:Technical University of Munich alumni]]
[[Category:Technical University of Munich alumni]]
[[Category:Technical University of Munich faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Technical University of Munich]]
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[[Category:Technische Universität Berlin alumni]]
[[Category:Scientists from Wiesbaden]]
[[Category:Engineers from Hesse]]



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[[Category:Technical University of Berlin alumni]]

Latest revision as of 17:10, 23 September 2024

Max Knoll
Born
Max Knoll

(1897-07-17)17 July 1897
Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany
Died6 November 1969(1969-11-06) (aged 72)
Known forElectron Microscopy
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsTechnische Universität Berlin, Telefunken, University of Munich, Princeton University, Technische Hochschule München

Max Knoll (17 July 1897 – 6 November 1969)[1] was a German electrical engineer and co-inventor of the electron microscope. Knoll was born in Wiesbaden and studied at the University of Munich and at the Technischen Hochschulen in Munich and Berlin-Charlottenburg, where he obtained his doctorate in the Institute for High Voltage Technology. In 1927 he became the leader of the electron research group there, where he and his co-worker, Ernst Ruska, invented the electron microscope in 1931.[2][3] In April 1932, Knoll joined Telefunken in Berlin to do developmental work in the field of television design. He was also a private lecturer in Berlin.[citation needed]

After World War II, Knoll joined the University of Munich as an extraordinary professor and director of the Institute for Electromedicine. He moved to the USA in 1948, to work at the Department of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University.[citation needed]

In 1956 he returned to Munich and engaged in a series of experiments at the Technische Hochschule, involving the generation of phosphenes by electrically stimulating the brains of himself and other subjects.[4] He retired in 1966.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Max Knoll | Science Museum Group Collection". collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  2. ^ Freundlich, Martin M. (1963). "Origin of the Electron Microscope". Science. 142 (3589): 185–188. doi:10.1126/science.142.3589.185. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1712183.
  3. ^ "Ernst Ruska - Autobiography". 2006-07-16. Archived from the original on 2006-07-16. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
  4. ^ Knoll, M.; Kugler, J.; Höfer, O.; Lawder, S.D. (2007-06-20). "Effects of Chemical Stimulation of Electrically-Induced Phosphenes on their Bandwidth, Shape, Number and Intensity". Confinia Neurologica. 23 (3): 201–226. doi:10.1159/000104299. ISSN 0010-5678.


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