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| image = Manohara poster.jpg
| image = Manohara poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[L. V. Prasad|Prasad]]
| director = [[L. V. Prasad]]
| producer = M. Somasundaram{{sfn|Pillai|2015|p=289}}
| producer = M. Somasundaram{{sfn|Pillai|2015|p=289}}
| screenplay = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
| screenplay = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
Line 12: Line 12:
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sivaji Ganesan]]|[[T. R. Rajakumari]]|[[P. Kannamba]]|[[Girija (actress)|Girija]]}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sivaji Ganesan]]|[[T. R. Rajakumari]]|[[P. Kannamba]]|[[Girija (actress)|Girija]]}}
| music = {{ubl|[[S. V. Venkatraman]]|T. R. Ramanathan}}
| music = {{ubl|[[S. V. Venkatraman]]|T. R. Ramanathan}}
| cinematography = P. Ramaswamy<ref name="Anandan" />
| cinematography = P. Ramaswamy<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />
| editing = [[M. A. Thirumugam]]
| editing = [[M. A. Thirumugam]]
| studio = Manohar Pictures
| studio = Manohar Pictures
| released = 3 March 1954 <br /> 3 June 1954
| released = {{Film date|1954|03|03|Tamil|1954|06|03|Telugu, Hindi|df=y}}
| runtime = 172 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=336}}
| runtime = 172 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=336}}
| country = India
| country = India
| language = Tamil<br />Telugu<br />Hindi
| language = Tamil
}}
}}


'''''Manohara''''' is a 1954 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[historical fantasy]] film{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=336}} directed by [[L. V. Prasad]] and written by [[M. Karunanidhi]]. Starring [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[T. R. Rajakumari]], [[P. Kannamba]] and [[Girija (actress)|Girija]], the film was based on the play of the same name by [[Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar]]. It was released on 3 March 1954. The film was simultaneously shot in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and Hindi under the same title.<ref name="Prasad"/> The Telugu and Hindi versions were released on 3 June 1954.<ref name="Mano"/>
'''''Manohara''''' is a 1954 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[historical fantasy]] film{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=336}} directed by [[L. V. Prasad]] and written by [[M. Karunanidhi]]. Starring [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[T. R. Rajakumari]], [[P. Kannamba]] and [[Girija (actress)|Girija]], the film was based on the play of the same name by [[Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar]]. It was released on 3 March 1954. The film was dubbed in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and Hindi under the same title.<ref name="Prasad" /> Those versions were released on 3 June 1954.<ref name="Mano" />


== Plot ==
== Plot ==
Line 65: Line 65:
== Production ==
== Production ==
<!-- https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/theodore-baskaran-on-shakespeareinspired-tamil-films/article8510087.ece -->
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''Manohara'' was a play staged by [[Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar]] in the 1930s; he even acted in a film version which was released in 1930.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=105}}<ref name="Prasad" /> [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] successfully staged ''Manohara'' under his own banner, playing the lead actor, [[Sivaji Ganesan]] portrayed the role of the queen in the play.<ref name="Mano" /> [[Jupiter Pictures]] announced the film adaptation of ''Manohara'' with Ramasamy in the title role and A. S. A. Sami as the director. Elangovan, was engaged to write the script. However, this project was shelved and Ganesan was brought on board. Producer signed Ganesan either for the role of Rajapriyan or Manohara. However Ganesan was keen on doing the titular character and got selected.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=106}} Elangovan worked on the script for sometime under the new setup, but he was soon replaced by M. Karunanidhi.<ref name="Mano" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 August 2011 |title=Wordsmith |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/wordsmith/article2374346.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=20 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118030535/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/wordsmith/article2374346.ece |archive-date=18 January 2015}}</ref> Karunanidhi rewrote Mudaliar's play, introducing changes like the climactic sequence for which he drew inspiration from [[Samson and Delilah (opera)|''Samson and Delilah'']], especially the part where the blind [[Samson]] pushes the pillars down.<ref name="Mano" /> L. V. Prasad was selected to direct the film.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 September 2006 |title=A Leader and a visionary |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-leader-and-a-visionary/article3230624.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=20 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118030506/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-leader-and-a-visionary/article3230624.ece |archive-date=18 January 2015}}</ref>
''Manohara'' was a play staged by [[Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar]] in the 1930s; he even acted in a film version which was released in 1930.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=105}}<ref name="Prasad" /> [[K. R. Ramasamy (actor)|K. R. Ramasamy]] successfully staged ''Manohara'' under his own banner, playing the lead actor, [[Sivaji Ganesan]] portrayed the role of the queen in the play.<ref name="Mano" /> [[Jupiter Pictures]] announced the film adaptation of ''Manohara'' with Ramasamy in the title role and [[A. S. A. Sami]] as the director. Elangovan, was engaged to write the script. However, this project was shelved and Ganesan was brought on board. Producer signed Ganesan either for the role of Rajapriyan or Manohara. However Ganesan was keen on doing the titular character and got selected.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=106}} Elangovan worked on the script for sometime under the new setup, but he was soon replaced by M. Karunanidhi.<ref name="Mano" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=20 August 2011 |title=Wordsmith |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/wordsmith/article2374346.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118030535/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/wordsmith/article2374346.ece |archive-date=18 January 2015 |access-date=20 January 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Karunanidhi rewrote Mudaliar's play, introducing changes like the climactic sequence for which he drew inspiration from [[Samson and Delilah (opera)|''Samson and Delilah'']], especially the part where the blind [[Samson]] pushes the pillars down.<ref name="Mano" /> L. V. Prasad was selected to direct the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=8 September 2006 |title=A Leader and a visionary |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-leader-and-a-visionary/article3230624.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118030506/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/a-leader-and-a-visionary/article3230624.ece |archive-date=18 January 2015 |access-date=20 January 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>


== Soundtrack ==
== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[S. V. Venkatraman]] and T. R. Ramanathan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manohara (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) by S. V. Venkatraman & T. R. Ramanathan |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/manohara-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1330425430 |url-status=live |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=Apple Music|date=December 1954 }}</ref>
The music was composed by [[S. V. Venkatraman]] and T. R. Ramanathan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 1954 |title=Manohara (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/manohara-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1330425430 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603130451/https://music.apple.com/us/album/manohara-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1330425430 |archive-date=2020-06-03 |access-date=2020-06-03 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref> Ramanathan composed the songs ''Singara Paingkiliye Pesu'' and ''Nilaavile Ullaasamaaga Aadalaam''.

⚫
'''Tamil Songs'''

Lyrics by K. D. Sundaram, Surabhi, Chellamuthukavi & [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]]. Singers are [[T. R. Rajakumari]] & C. S. Pandiyan. [[Playback singer]]s by [[A. M. Rajah]], [[S. V. Venkatraman]], T. A. Mothi, [[Radha Jayalakshmi]], [[T. V. Rathnam]] & [[Jikki]].

T. R. Ramanathan composed the music for ''Singara Paingkiliye Pesu'' and ''Nilaavile Ullaasamaaga Aadalaam''.


⚫
;Tamil Songs
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
|-
| 1 || "Singaara Paingkiliye Pesu" || A. M. Rajah & Radha Jayalakshmi || Udumalai Narayana Kavi || 04:14
| "Singaara Paingkiliye Pesu" || A. M. Rajah & Radha Jayalakshmi || [[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]] || 04:14
|-
|-
| 2 || "Ennai Paar Ennazhagai Paaru" || T. V. Rathnam & S. V. Venkatraman || || 04:46
| "Ennai Paar Ennazhagai Paaru" || T. V. Rathnam & S. V. Venkatraman || || 04:46
|-
|-
| 3 || "Nilaavile Ullaasamaaga Aadalaam" || T. A. Mothi & T. V. Rathnam || || 02:59
| "Nilaavile Ullaasamaaga Aadalaam" || T. A. Mothi & T. V. Rathnam || || 02:59
|-
|-
| 4 || "Pozhudhu Pularndhadhe" || T. R. Rajakumari || || 02:00
| "Pozhudhu Pularndhadhe" || T. R. Rajakumari || || 02:00
|-
|-
| 5 || "Sandhegam Illai Sandhegam Illai" || S. V. Venkatraman & C. S. Pandiyan || || 02:00
| "Sandhegam Illai Sandhegam Illai" || S. V. Venkatraman & C. S. Pandiyan || || 02:00
|-
|-
| 6 || "Inbanaalidhe Idhayam Kaanudhe" || Jikki || || 03:06
| "Inbanaalidhe Idhayam Kaanudhe" || Jikki || || 03:06
|-
|-
| 7 || "Vasantha Vizhaa Osantha Thiruvizhaa" || Jikki, T. V. Rathnam, S. V. Venkatraman & C. S. Pandiyan || || 06:47
| "Vasantha Vizhaa Osantha Thiruvizhaa" || Jikki, T. V. Rathnam, S. V. Venkatraman & C. S. Pandiyan || || 06:47
|-
|-
| "Vasantha Vizhaa Osantha Thiruvizhaa" || T. V. Rathnam || || 02:35
| 8 || || || ||
|-
|-
⚫
| "Kaathal Kondaadukiraar" || Radha Jayalakshmi || || 02:35
| 9 || || || ||
|-
|-
| 10 || || T. V. Rathnam || || 02:35
| || Radha Jayalakshmi || || 01:06
|-
⚫
| 11 || "Kaathal Kondaadukiraar" || Radha Jayalakshmi || || 02:35
|-
| 12 || || Radha Jayalakshmi || || 01:06
|}
|}


'''Telugu Songs'''
;Telugu Songs

[[Playback singer]]s by [[A. M. Rajah]], [[S. V. Venkatraman]], T. A. Mothi, [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]], [[Pithapuram Nageswara Rao]], [[Radha Jayalakshmi]] & [[Jikki]].


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#cccccf; text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#cccccf; text-align:center;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
! Song !! Singers !! Length (m:ss)
|-
|-
| 1 || "Kannulalo Vennelalo" || A. M. Rajah & Jikki || || 04:14
| "Kannulalo Vennelalo" || A. M. Rajah & Jikki || 04:14
|-
|-
| 2 || "Andalu Chandalu Kannaa Raa" || Jikki, Subramanyam & A. M. Rajah || || 04:46
| "Andalu Chandalu Kannaa Raa" || Jikki, Subramanyam & A. M. Rajah || 04:46
|-
|-
| 3 || "Paadave Preyasi Teeyagaa" || T. A. Mothi & Jikki || || 02:59
| "Paadave Preyasi Teeyagaa" || T. A. Mothi & Jikki || 02:59
|-
|-
| 4 || "Thela Thelavaare" || Jikki || || 02:00
| "Thela Thelavaare" || Jikki || 02:00
|-
|-
| 5 || "Sandeham Ledu Sandeham Ledu" || A. M. Rajah & Pithapuram Nageswara Rao || || 02:00
| "Sandeham Ledu Sandeham Ledu" || A. M. Rajah & Pithapuram Nageswara Rao || 02:00
|-
|-
| 6 || "Ravoyi Ravoyi" || Jikki || || 03:06
| "Ravoyi Ravoyi" || Jikki || 03:06
|-
|-
| 7 || "Vana Mahothsavam Vasantha Thina Mahothsavam" || Jikki, Radha Jayalakshmi,<br />Pithapuram Nageswara Rao & Subramanyam || || 06:47
| "Vana Mahothsavam Vasantha Thina Mahothsavam" || Jikki, Radha Jayalakshmi,<br />Pithapuram Nageswara Rao & Subramanyam || 06:47
|-
|-
| 8 || "Thivari Ramuni" || Madhavapeddi Satyam || || 01:30
| "Thivari Ramuni" || Madhavapeddi Satyam || 01:30
|-
|-
| 9 || "Andamuraku Choochi" || Madhavapeddi Satyam || || 00:41
| "Andamuraku Choochi" || Madhavapeddi Satyam || 00:41
|-
|-
| 10 || "Andaala Rathini" || Jikki || || 02:32
| "Andaala Rathini" || Jikki || 02:32
|-
|-
| 11 || "Pranaya Vilasamule" || Radha Jayalakshmi || || 02:35
| "Pranaya Vilasamule" || Radha Jayalakshmi || 02:35
|-
|-
| 12 || "Manahinanai Avamanamotuna" || Radha Jayalakshmi || || 01:06
| "Manahinanai Avamanamotuna" || Radha Jayalakshmi || 01:06
|}
|}


'''Hindi Songs'''
;Hindi Songs

[[Playback singer]]s by [[Sandhya Mukherjee]], T. A. Moti, [[Lata Mangeshkar]], Shamshad Begum, [[Hemant Kumar]], [[Asha Bhosle]]


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#cccccf; text-align:center;"
|- style="background:#cccccf; text-align:center;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
! Song !! Singers
|-
|-
| 1 || "Main Toh Nainon Mein" || [[Lata Mangeshkar]] || ||
| "Main Toh Nainon Mein" || [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
|-
|-
| 2 || "Rajni Hai Taron Bhari" || Lata Mangeshkar, T. A. Mothi || ||
| "Rajni Hai Taron Bhari" || Lata Mangeshkar, T. A. Mothi
|-
|-
| 3 || "Doob Gaye Sab Aas Ke Tare" || [[Sandhya Mukherjee]] || ||
| "Doob Gaye Sab Aas Ke Tare" || [[Sandhya Mukherjee]]
|-
|-
| 4 || "Rut Hai Suhani Raat Jawan Hai" || Sandhya Mukherjee, [[Hemant Kumar]]|| ||
| "Rut Hai Suhani Raat Jawan Hai" || Sandhya Mukherjee, [[Hemant Kumar]]
|-
|-
| 5 || "Maharaj Maharaj Jaago Ji Maharaj" || [[Asha Bhosle]]|| ||
| "Maharaj Maharaj Jaago Ji Maharaj" || [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|-
| 6 || "Aayi Basant Ritu Aayi Bahaar" || Sandhya Mukherjee || ||
| "Aayi Basant Ritu Aayi Bahaar" || Sandhya Mukherjee
|-
|-
| 7 ||"Balma Man Mein Phool Khila" || || ||
|"Balma Man Mein Phool Khila" ||
|-
|-
| 8 || "Sukh Bhari Duniya Meri Barbad" || Sandhya Mukherjee || ||
| "Sukh Bhari Duniya Meri Barbad" || Sandhya Mukherjee
|-
⚫
| 9 || "Woh Aa Gaye Do Matwale Do Dilwale" || [[Shamshad Begum]] || ||
|-
|-
⚫
| "Woh Aa Gaye Do Matwale Do Dilwale" || [[Shamshad Begum]]
|}
|}


== Release and reception ==
== Release and reception ==
<!-- https://indiancine.ma/AKXI/documents --><!-- Vikatan review: https://awardakodukkaranga.wordpress.com/2009/06/12/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE-2/ -->
<!-- https://indiancine.ma/AKXI/documents --><!-- Vikatan review: https://awardakodukkaranga.wordpress.com/2009/06/12/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE-2/ -->
''Manohara'' was released on 3 March 1954.<ref name="Anandan" /> ''Ananda Vikatan'' wrote "''Manohara'' is an example if there is a good script combined with lively dialogues and powerful acting, the public will appreciate and love such films". According to historian [[G. Dhananjayan]], the film became a success due to the performances of Ganesan and Kannamba and dialogues by Karunanidhi.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=106}} It was later released in Telugu and Hindi with the same title.<ref name="Mano" /> [[Jaggayya]] dubbed his voice for Sivaji Ganesan in Telugu. [[Acharya Aatreya|Aatreya]] wrote dialogues for the Telugu version.<ref name="Prasad" />{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=106}}
''Manohara'' was released on 3 March 1954.<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> ''Ananda Vikatan'' wrote "''Manohara'' is an example if there is a good script combined with lively dialogues and powerful acting, the public will appreciate and love such films". According to historian [[G. Dhananjayan]], the film became a success due to the performances of Ganesan and Kannamba and dialogues by Karunanidhi.{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=106}} It was later released in Telugu and Hindi with the same title.<ref name="Mano" /> [[Jaggayya]] dubbed his voice for Sivaji Ganesan in Telugu. [[Acharya Aatreya|Aatreya]] wrote the dialogues for the Telugu version.<ref name="Prasad" />{{Sfn|Dhananjayan|2014|page=106}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="credits">{{Cite AV media |title=Manohara |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Manohar Pictures |time=0:08 to 0:55 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>
<ref name="credits">{{Cite AV media |title=Manohara |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Manohar Pictures |time=0:08 to 0:55 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>
<ref name="Prasad">{{Cite news |date=25 January 2008 |title=Celluloid colossus |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/celluloid-colossus/article1432936.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=20 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118030437/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/celluloid-colossus/article1432936.ece |archive-date=18 January 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="Prasad">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=25 January 2008 |title=Celluloid colossus |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/celluloid-colossus/article1432936.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118030437/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/celluloid-colossus/article1432936.ece |archive-date=18 January 2015 |access-date=20 January 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Mano">{{Cite news |date=6 March 2009 |title=Manohara 1954 |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/manohara-1954/article3021229.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=20 January 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812185054/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/manohara-1954/article3021229.ece |archive-date=12 August 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="Mano">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=6 March 2009 |title=Manohara 1954 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/manohara-1954/article3021229.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140812185054/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/manohara-1954/article3021229.ece |archive-date=12 August 2014 |access-date=20 January 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Anandan">{{Cite book |last=Film News Anandan |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails24.asp |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |publisher=Sivagami Publishers |year=2004 |language=Tamil |trans-title=Tamil film history and its achievements |author-link=Film News Anandan |archive-url=https://archive.today/lb7Vp |archive-date=2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1954 – மனோஹரா – மனோகர் பிக்சர்ஸ் த-தெ-இ-(மேடைநாடகம்) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails24.asp |url-status=dead |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil |access-date=3 June 2020 |archive-date=3 June 2020 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200603164710/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1954-cinedetails24.asp }}</ref>
}}
}}


== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |oclc=898765509 |author-link=G. Dhananjayan}}
* {{Cite book |last=Dhananjayan |first=G. |author-link=G. Dhananjayan |title=Pride of Tamil Cinema: 1931 to 2013 |date=2014 |publisher=Blue Ocean Publishers |oclc=898765509}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HreICwAAQBAJ |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-121-3 |location=India }}
* {{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-5150-121-3 |location=India}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |editor-last=Rajadhyaksha |editor-first=Ashish |orig-date=1994 |editor2-last=Willemen |editor2-first=Paul}}
* {{Cite book |last=Rajadhyaksha |first=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |orig-date=1994}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0255344|Manohara}}
* {{IMDb title}}
{{L. V. Prasad}}
{{L. V. Prasad}}


⚫
[[Category:1950s historical fantasy films]]
⚫
[[Category:1950s Indian films]]
[[Category:1950s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1950s Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1954 films]]
[[Category:1954 films]]
⚫
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
⚫
[[Category:1950s Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by L. V. Prasad]]
[[Category:Films directed by L. V. Prasad]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. V. Venkatraman]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. V. Venkatraman]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. R. Ramanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. Karunanidhi]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by M. Karunanidhi]]
⚫
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian films based on plays]]
[[Category:Indian historical fantasy films]]
[[Category:Indian historical fantasy films]]
[[Category:1950s historical fantasy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
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[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

Latest revision as of 01:46, 24 September 2024

Manohara
Theatrical release poster
Directed byL. V. Prasad
Screenplay byM. Karunanidhi
Based onManohara
by Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar
Produced byM. Somasundaram[1]
Starring
CinematographyP. Ramaswamy[2]
Edited byM. A. Thirumugam
Music by
Production
company
Manohar Pictures
Release dates
  • 3 March 1954 (1954-03-03) (Tamil)
  • 3 June 1954 (1954-06-03) (Telugu, Hindi)
Running time
172 minutes[3]
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Manohara is a 1954 Indian Tamil-language historical fantasy film[3] directed by L. V. Prasad and written by M. Karunanidhi. Starring Sivaji Ganesan, T. R. Rajakumari, P. Kannamba and Girija, the film was based on the play of the same name by Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar. It was released on 3 March 1954. The film was dubbed in Telugu and Hindi under the same title.[4] Those versions were released on 3 June 1954.[5]

Plot

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Kesarivarman, an artiste, comes to the court of king Purushothaman, along with his wife Vasanthasenai to perform. The king falls in love with her. To get rid of her husband and be with the king, Vasanthasenai mixes poison in Kesari's milk. Kesari dies, but returns as an invisible man with the help of a sage. He seeks revenge. Though Purushothaman is already married to queen Padmavathi and has a son Manoharan alias Manohara, king Purushothaman becomes attracted to Vasanthasenai and starts living with her.

Padmavathi becomes angry with the king, and vows never to see him again till he separates from Vasanthasenai. Vasanthasenai, pregnant with Kesari's child, convinces Purushothaman the child belongs to him. The child is born and named Vasanthan. Years roll by and Vasanthasenai influences Purushothaman in every decision, which annoys Manoharan. Manoharan respects his mother and never violates her orders. Padmavathi makes him promise that he would never harm Vasanthasenai as such an act would affect her husband's happiness. She orders him to restore the honour of their kingdom by retrieving the prestigious throne which was seized by king Muthuvijayan.

Manohara and his friend Rajapriyan attack the kingdom of Muthuvijayan; not only does he get the throne back, he also falls for Muthuvijayan's daughter Vijaya, who tries to kill him to protect the country's honour. He marries her and returns to his kingdom with her. Manoharan becomes upset on seeing that instead of his mother, Vasanthasenai is accompanying the king to the prestigious throne. When he accuses her, she abuses his mother, prompting him to raise his hand to attack her. However, remembering his promise, he stops.

Purushothaman, angry on seeing Manoharan's act, orders him to apologise. Manoharan refused and is sentenced to death by King Purusothaman. Even his mother's pleas to the king fail. Vasanthasenai also hatches a conspiracy, and gets Padmavathi and Vijaya imprisoned on false charges. When Manoharan is taken in a chariot for his death sentence, the invisible Kesari saves him. Manoharan, with the help of the minister Sathyaseelar and Rajapriyan, re-enters the palace disguised as a messenger Atchayan and works under Vasanthasenai.

Ukrasenan, an opponent of Purushothaman, enters the palace disguised as a sage, on the invitation of Vasanthasenai. Manoharan, still disguised, makes Purushothaman see Vasanthasenai and Ukrasenan in a compromising position in the bedroom; when Purushothaman questions her, she imprisons him too. Purushothaman realises his mistakes and feels regret. Vijaya delivers a child in prison. Vasanthasenai orders that the child be brought to the Court and killed. "Atchayan", in his anxiety to see his newborn, visits the prison. Meanwhile, the real Atchayan escapes and meets Ukrasenan. They understand the truth and come rushing to the prison to see the disguised Manoharan with his child. He is arrested and brought to court.

Vasanthasenai tries to kill Manoharan's child despite Padmavathi's pleas. When Padmavathi explains to Vasanthasenai why she had been patient all along, Vasanthasenai does not understand and slaps her. Enraged, Padmavathi decides it is enough of patience and time to respond, and advises Manohara to restore the honour of the family. Though he is chained to a wall, his mother's words make him powerful enough to break free and a fight ensues. Manoharan, Sathyaseelar, Rajapriyan and their army attack the queen's army and all the enemies are eliminated. Kesari comes to Manoharan's help in the process. When Vasanthasenai kills Vasanthan, she is taken by Kesari for the ultimate punishment in his hideout. Purushothaman is released and unites with his family.

Cast

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Production

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Manohara was a play staged by Pammal Sambandha Mudaliar in the 1930s; he even acted in a film version which was released in 1930.[7][4] K. R. Ramasamy successfully staged Manohara under his own banner, playing the lead actor, Sivaji Ganesan portrayed the role of the queen in the play.[5] Jupiter Pictures announced the film adaptation of Manohara with Ramasamy in the title role and A. S. A. Sami as the director. Elangovan, was engaged to write the script. However, this project was shelved and Ganesan was brought on board. Producer signed Ganesan either for the role of Rajapriyan or Manohara. However Ganesan was keen on doing the titular character and got selected.[8] Elangovan worked on the script for sometime under the new setup, but he was soon replaced by M. Karunanidhi.[5][9] Karunanidhi rewrote Mudaliar's play, introducing changes like the climactic sequence for which he drew inspiration from Samson and Delilah, especially the part where the blind Samson pushes the pillars down.[5] L. V. Prasad was selected to direct the film.[10]

Soundtrack

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The music was composed by S. V. Venkatraman and T. R. Ramanathan.[11] Ramanathan composed the songs Singara Paingkiliye Pesu and Nilaavile Ullaasamaaga Aadalaam.

Tamil Songs
Song Singers Lyrics Length
"Singaara Paingkiliye Pesu" A. M. Rajah & Radha Jayalakshmi Udumalai Narayana Kavi 04:14
"Ennai Paar Ennazhagai Paaru" T. V. Rathnam & S. V. Venkatraman 04:46
"Nilaavile Ullaasamaaga Aadalaam" T. A. Mothi & T. V. Rathnam 02:59
"Pozhudhu Pularndhadhe" T. R. Rajakumari 02:00
"Sandhegam Illai Sandhegam Illai" S. V. Venkatraman & C. S. Pandiyan 02:00
"Inbanaalidhe Idhayam Kaanudhe" Jikki 03:06
"Vasantha Vizhaa Osantha Thiruvizhaa" Jikki, T. V. Rathnam, S. V. Venkatraman & C. S. Pandiyan 06:47
"Vasantha Vizhaa Osantha Thiruvizhaa" T. V. Rathnam 02:35
"Kaathal Kondaadukiraar" Radha Jayalakshmi 02:35
Radha Jayalakshmi 01:06
Telugu Songs
Song Singers Length (m:ss)
"Kannulalo Vennelalo" A. M. Rajah & Jikki 04:14
"Andalu Chandalu Kannaa Raa" Jikki, Subramanyam & A. M. Rajah 04:46
"Paadave Preyasi Teeyagaa" T. A. Mothi & Jikki 02:59
"Thela Thelavaare" Jikki 02:00
"Sandeham Ledu Sandeham Ledu" A. M. Rajah & Pithapuram Nageswara Rao 02:00
"Ravoyi Ravoyi" Jikki 03:06
"Vana Mahothsavam Vasantha Thina Mahothsavam" Jikki, Radha Jayalakshmi,
Pithapuram Nageswara Rao & Subramanyam		 06:47
"Thivari Ramuni" Madhavapeddi Satyam 01:30
"Andamuraku Choochi" Madhavapeddi Satyam 00:41
"Andaala Rathini" Jikki 02:32
"Pranaya Vilasamule" Radha Jayalakshmi 02:35
"Manahinanai Avamanamotuna" Radha Jayalakshmi 01:06
Hindi Songs
Song Singers
"Main Toh Nainon Mein" Lata Mangeshkar
"Rajni Hai Taron Bhari" Lata Mangeshkar, T. A. Mothi
"Doob Gaye Sab Aas Ke Tare" Sandhya Mukherjee
"Rut Hai Suhani Raat Jawan Hai" Sandhya Mukherjee, Hemant Kumar
"Maharaj Maharaj Jaago Ji Maharaj" Asha Bhosle
"Aayi Basant Ritu Aayi Bahaar" Sandhya Mukherjee
"Balma Man Mein Phool Khila"
"Sukh Bhari Duniya Meri Barbad" Sandhya Mukherjee
"Woh Aa Gaye Do Matwale Do Dilwale" Shamshad Begum

Release and reception

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Manohara was released on 3 March 1954.[2] Ananda Vikatan wrote "Manohara is an example if there is a good script combined with lively dialogues and powerful acting, the public will appreciate and love such films". According to historian G. Dhananjayan, the film became a success due to the performances of Ganesan and Kannamba and dialogues by Karunanidhi.[8] It was later released in Telugu and Hindi with the same title.[5] Jaggayya dubbed his voice for Sivaji Ganesan in Telugu. Aatreya wrote the dialogues for the Telugu version.[4][8]

References

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  1. ^ Pillai 2015, p. 289.
  2. ^ a b "1954 – மனோஹரா – மனோகர் பிக்சர்ஸ் த-தெ-இ-(மேடைநாடகம்)". Lakshman Sruthi (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  3. ^ a b Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 336.
  4. ^ a b c Guy, Randor (25 January 2008). "Celluloid colossus". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e Guy, Randor (6 March 2009). "Manohara 1954". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  6. ^ a b c Manohara (motion picture) (in Tamil). Manohar Pictures. Opening credits, from 0:08 to 0:55.
  7. ^ Dhananjayan 2014, p. 105.
  8. ^ a b c Dhananjayan 2014, p. 106.
  9. ^ Guy, Randor (20 August 2011). "Wordsmith". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  10. ^ Narasimham, M. L. (8 September 2006). "A Leader and a visionary". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  11. ^ "Manohara (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Apple Music. December 1954. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.

Bibliography

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