Glen Waverley line

Glen Waverley line
X'Trapolis train at Glen Waverley station.
Overview
Service type	Commuter rail
System	Melbourne railway network
Status	Operational
Locale	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Predecessor	Darling (1890–1922) Darling ^ (1922–1929) East Malvern ^ (1929–1930) ^ are electric services
First service	24 March 1890 (1890-03-24)
Current operator(s)	Metro Trains
Former operator(s)	Victorian Railways (VR) (1890–1974) VR as VicRail (1974–1983) MTA (The Met) (1983–1989) PTC (The Met) (1989–1998) Hillside Trains (1998–2000) Connex Melbourne (2000–2009)
Route
Termini	Flinders Street Glen Waverley
Stops	20 (including City Loop stations)
Distance travelled	21.3 km (13.2 mi)
Average journey time	36 minutes (not via City Loop)
Service frequency	10–15 minutes weekdays peak 10–20 minutes weekdays off-peak 20 minutes weekend daytime 30 minutes nights 60 minutes early weekend mornings Occasional services run express from Richmond to Darling
Line(s) used	Glen Waverley
Technical
Rolling stock	X'Trapolis 100
Track gauge	1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
Electrification	1500 V DC overhead
Track owner(s)	VicTrack
Route map h:mm km zone 1.2 Southern Cross ●●●●●●● 1 1.3 Flagstaff ●●● 1.9 Melbourne Central 3.0 Parliament ●● 0:00 0.0 Flinders Street ●●●● 0:03 2.6 Richmond ●●●●●●■ 0:05 3.1 East Richmond ■■ 0:07 4.1 Burnley ●●●■ 0:10 5.9 Heyington 0:12 7.1 Kooyong ■ 0:14 8.4 Tooronga 0:16 9.4 Gardiner ■ 0:18 10.3 Glen Iris ■ 1 0:20 11.4 Darling 1/2 0:22 12.5 East Malvern 0:25 14.4 Holmesglen 1/2 0:28 16.4 Jordanville 2 0:30 17.8 Mount Waverley 0:33 19.7 Syndal 0:36 21.0 Glen Waverley 2 h:mm km zone

The Glen Waverley line is a commuter railway line in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Operated by Metro Trains Melbourne, it is the city's sixth shortest metropolitan railway line at 21.3 kilometres (13.2 mi). The line runs from Flinders Street station in central Melbourne to Glen Waverley station in the east, serving 20 stations including Burnley, Kooyong, East Malvern, and Jordanville. The line operates for approximately 19 hours a day (from approximately 5:15 am to around 12:00 am) with 24 hour service available on Friday and Saturday nights. The line operates with headways of up to 10 minutes during peak hours and as long as 30 minutes during off-peak hours. Trains on the Glen Waverley line run with two three-car formations of X'Trapolis 100 trainsets.

Sections of the Glen Waverley line opened as early as 1890, with the line fully extended to Glen Waverley in 1930. The line was built to connect Melbourne with the rural towns of Kooyong, East Malvern, Mt Waverley, and Glen Waverley, amongst others.

Since the 2010s, due to the heavily utilised infrastructure of the Glen Waverley line, significant improvements and upgrades have been made. Different packages of works have upgraded the corridor to replace sleepers, upgrade signalling technology, introduce new rolling stock, and remove 2 out of the 6 remaining level crossings.

History

19th century

A rail connection from Princes Bridge station to Punt Road (Richmond) was built by the Melbourne and Suburban Railway Company in 1859, with a branch line from Richmond to Burnley opening in 1861. In 1890, part of what would become the Glen Waverley line opened from Burnley to Darling. At the same time in 1890, a line known as the Outer Circle line opened, running from Oakleigh station to Darling, continuing to Burnley with the line continuing north to Riversdale and beyond. The Outer Circle closed in sections between 1893 and 1897, with the Burnley to Waverley Road section of the line closing back to Darling in 1895.

20th century

Electrification of the line to Glen Waverley occurred in three stages between 1922 and 1930. In March 1922, the section from Burnley to Darling station was electrified, with the section to East Malvern being electrified in June 1929, and the final section to Glen Waverley being completed by May 1930. The electrification of the line allowed for the introduction of Swing Door electric multiple unit trains for the first time.

The introduction of power signalling on the line begun in 1919 with the section from Richmond to East Richmond, with the remainder of the line converted in stages from 1922 to 1964. In 1929, the Glen Waverley line began construction on an extension from Darling to East Malvern along the original track of the Outer Circle line. The Outer Circle line previously begun its curve south towards Waverley Road and Oakleigh. The Glen Waverley line continued east towards Holmesglen.

The 1950s saw the line undergo major upgrades, including the first centralised traffic control installation in Australia. Commissioned in September 1957 at a length of 6 miles (9.7 km) in length, the Victorian Railways installed it as a prototype for the North East standard project. On 6 February 1956, the Toorak Road level crossing between Kooyong and Tooronga stations was the first in Victoria to receive boom barriers, replacing hand operated gates.

New Comeng trains were introduced to the Melbourne railway system in 1981. Initially, along with the Glen Waverley line, they were only allowed to operate on the Alamein, Belgrave, Dandenong and Lilydale lines, due to the width of the trains (10 feet (3.05 m)). Also in 1981, Glen Waverley line services commenced operations through the City Loop, after previously terminating at Flinders or Spencer Street stations. The commencement of operations involved the service stopping at three new stations—Parliament, Melbourne Central (formally Museum), and Flagstaff. The Loop follows La Trobe and Spring Streets along the northern and eastern edges of the Hoddle Grid. The Loop connects with Melbourne's two busiest stations, Flinders Street and Southern Cross, via the elevated Flinders Street Viaduct.

Many stations were rebuilt and level crossings removed along the corridor through the construction of road bridges during the 1970s to the late 1980s. These works coincided with the construction of the Monash Freeway which runs alongside the route for part of the journey.

21st century

Works to remove the Burke Road level crossing, 2015

In 2014, the Level Crossing Removal Project announced the removal of 2 level crossings on the Glen Waverley line, to be completed in 2016 and 2020. The removal of Burke Road, Glen Iris involved the lowering of the rail line and the reconstruction of Gardiner station. This was the first crossing to be removed by the project and was completed in 2016. The second removal involved raising the rail corridor above Toorak Road, Kooyong, with the crossing removed by early 2020. With the removal of 2 level crossings along the corridor, only 4 crossings now remain on the Glen Waverley line.

In 2021, the metropolitan timetable underwent a major rewrite, resulting in all Glen Waverley line trains operating via the City Loop alongside Alamein, Belgrave, and Lilydale services.

In 2023, data from Public Transport Victoria found that the Glen Waverley line was the most on-time train service on the network. Commuters on the Craigieburn line faced the highest train delays, with 10.6% of services arriving late between March 2022 and February 2023. The Pakenham line experienced the most cancellations in the city's south-east, at 3.1%, excluding lines with fewer services. On the positive side, the Glen Waverley line was the top performer, boasting 97.1% on-time arrivals during the same period.

Network and operations

Services

Services on the Glen Waverley line operates from approximately 5:15 am to around 12:00 am daily. During peak hours train frequency is 5–10 minutes while service during non-peak hours drops to 10–30 minutes throughout the entire route. On Friday nights and weekends, services run 24 hours a day, with 60 minute frequencies available outside of normal operating hours.

Train services on the line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle bus services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters.

Stopping patterns

Legend – Station status

• ◼ Premium Station – Station staffed from first to last train
• ◻ Host Station – Usually staffed during morning peak, however this can vary for different stations on the network.

Legend – Stopping patterns
Some services do not operate via the City Loop

• ● – All trains stop
• ◐ – Some services do not stop
• | – Trains pass and do not stop

Glen Waverley Services
Station	Zone	Local	Ltd Express
◼ Flinders Street	1	●	●
◼ Southern Cross		◐	◐
◼ Flagstaff		◐	◐
◼ Melbourne Central		◐	◐
◼ Parliament		◐	◐
◼ Richmond		●	●
◻ East Richmond		◐	|
◼ Burnley		●	|
◻ Heyington		●	|
◻ Kooyong		●	|
◻ Tooronga		●	|
◻ Gardiner		●	|
◻ Glen Iris		●	|
◼ Darling	1/2	●	●
◼ East Malvern		●	●
◻ Holmesglen		●	●
◻ Jordanville	2	●	●
◼ Mount Waverley		●	●
◻ Syndal		●	●
◼ Glen Waverley		●	●

Operators

The Glen Waverley line has had a total of 6 operators since its opening in 1888. The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from its first service in 1888 until the 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line. These operators, Victorian Railways, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, the Public Transport Corporation and Hillside Trains have a combined operational length of 111 years. Hillside Trains was privatised in August 1999 and later rebranded Connex Melbourne. Metro Trains Melbourne, the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. Both private operators have had a combined operational period of 25 years.

Past and present operators of the Glen Waverley line:

Operator	Assumed operations	Ceased operations	Length of operations
Victorian Railways	1888	1983	95 years
Metropolitan Transit Authority	1983	1989	6 years
Public Transport Corporation	1989	1998	9 years
Hillside Trains (government operator)	1998	1999	1 years
Connex Melbourne	1999	2009	10 years
Metro Trains Melbourne	2009	incumbent	15 years (ongoing)

Route

Glen Waverley line
km Multiple lines via North Melbourne City Loop 1.2 Southern Cross ●●●●●●● 2.5 Flagstaff ●●● 3.1 Melbourne Central 4.3 Parliament ●● 0.0 Flinders Street ●● 0.1 Princes Bridge (closed) Hurstbridge & Mernda lines to Jolimont City Loop 1.8 Botanic Gardens (demolished) 2.3 Punt Road (Hoddle Highway) 2.6 Richmond ●●●●●●■ 2.7 Swan Street Multiple lines to South Yarra 3.1 East Richmond ■■ 4.1 Burnley ●●●■ Alamein, Belgrave & Lilydale lines to Camberwell 4.9 Richmond Park (never opened) 4.9 Madden Grove 5.0 Burnley Stabling Sidings 5.3 Heyington Bridge CityLink Yarra River 5.9 Heyington 7.0 Glenferrie Road 7.1 Kooyong ■ 7.8 Toorak Road (Burwood Highway) 8.4 Tooronga 9.4 Gardiner ■ 9.5 Burke Road 10.3 Glen Iris ■ 10.4 High Street 11.4 Darling 12.5 East Malvern Outer Circle line (dismantled) 13.4 Monash Freeway 14.4 Holmesglen 14.6 Warrigal Road 16.2 Huntingdale Road 16.4 Jordanville 17.8 Mount Waverley 17.9 Stephenson Road 19.5 Blackburn Road 19.7 Syndal 21.0 Glen Waverley km

Glen Waverley (physical track)
Overview
Status	Operational with passenger services from Flinders Street to Glen Waverley
Owner	Victorian Railways (VR) (1890–1974) VR as VicRail (1974–1983) MTA (The Met) (1983–1989) PTC (The Met) (1989–1997) VicTrack (1997–Current)
Locale	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Termini	Flinders Street Glen Waverley
Connecting lines	All metropolitan, regional, and interstate
Former connections	Outer Circle
Stations	20 current stations 3 former stations
Service
Services	Glen Waverley
History
Commenced	24 March 1890 (1890-03-24)
Opened	Princes Bridge to Richmond on 8 February 1859 (1859-02-08) Richmond to Burnley on 24 September 1860 (1860-09-24) Flinders Street to Princes Bridge on 18 December 1865 (1865-12-18) Burnley to Darling on 24 March 1890 (1890-03-24) Darling to East Malvern on 3 February 1929 (1929-02-03) East Malvern to Glen Waverley on 5 May 1930 (1930-05-05)
Completed	5 May 1930 (1930-05-05)
Electrified	Flinders Street to Darling on 19 December 1922 (1922-12-19) To East Malvern on 3 February 1929 (1929-02-03) To Glen Waverley on 5 May 1930 (1930-05-05)
Technical
Line length	21.3 km (13.2 mi)
Number of tracks	Twelve tracks: Flinders Street to Richmond Four tracks: Richmond to Burnley Double track: Burnley to Glen Waverley
Track gauge	1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in)
Electrification	1500 V DC overhead
Operating speed	95 km/h (59 mph) – Electric
Signalling	Automatic block signaling
Maximum incline	1 in 30 (3.33%)

The Glen Waverley line forms a mostly curved route from the Melbourne central business district to its terminus in Glen Waverley. The route is 21.3 kilometres (13.2 mi) long and is predominantly doubled tracked. Between Flinders Street station and Richmond, the track is widened to 12 tracks, narrowing to 4 tracks between Richmond and Burnley before again narrowing to 2 tracks between Burnley and Glen Waverley. After departing from its terminus at Flinders Street, the Glen Waverley line traverses both flat and hilly country with few curves and fairly minimal earthworks for most of the line. The journey from Holmesglen to the terminus involves some of the steepest grades in Melbourne (1 in 30). Sections of the line have been elevated or lowered into a cutting to eliminate level crossings. However, a small number of level crossings are still present with no current plans to remove them.

The line follows the same alignment as the Alamein, Belgrave, and Lilydale lines with the four services splitting onto different routes at Burnley. The Glen Waverley line goes on its south eastern alignment, whereas the Alamein, Belgrave, and Lilydale lines take an eastern alignment towards their final destinations. The rail line goes through built-up suburbs towards its terminus in Glen Waverley.

Stations

The line serves 20 stations across 21 kilometres (13 mi) of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, underground, and ground level designs. Underground stations are present only in the City Loop, with the majority of elevated and lowered stations being constructed as part of level crossing removals.

Station	Accessibility	Opened	Terrain	Train connections	Other connections
Flinders Street	Yes—step free access	1854	Lowered	16 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Craigieburn line   Cranbourne line   Flemington Racecourse line   Frankston line   Gippsland line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Mernda line   Pakenham line   Sandringham line   Sunbury line   Upfield line   Werribee line   Williamstown line
Southern Cross		1859	Ground level	27 connections  Alamein line   Albury line   Ararat line   Ballarat line   Belgrave line   Bendigo line   Craigieburn line   Cranbourne line   Echuca line   Flemington Racecourse line   Geelong line   Gippsland line   Glen Waverley line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Maryborough line   Mernda line   NSW TrainLink Southern   Pakenham line   Seymour line   Shepparton line   Sunbury line   Swan Hill line   The Overland   Upfield line   Warrnambool line   Werribee line   Williamstown line
Flagstaff		1985	Underground	10 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Craigieburn line   Cranbourne line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Mernda line   Pakenham line   Sunbury line   Upfield line
Melbourne Central		1981
Parliament		1983
Richmond	No—steep ramp	1859	Elevated	8 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Cranbourne line   Frankston line   Gippsland line   Lilydale line   Pakenham line   Sandringham line
East Richmond	Yes—step free access	1860	Ground level	3 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Lilydale line
Burnley	No—steep ramp	1880
Heyington	No—stairs required	1890
Kooyong	Yes—step free access
Tooronga
Gardiner			Lowered
Glen Iris	No—steep ramp		Ground level
Darling	Yes—step free access
East Malvern	No—steep ramp	1929
Holmesglen		1930
Jordanville
Mount Waverley
Syndal
Glen Waverley

Station histories

Station	Opened	Closed	Age	Notes
Parliament	22 January 1983		41 years
Melbourne Central	26 January 1981		43 years	Formerly Museum
Flagstaff	27 May 1985		39 years
Southern Cross	17 January 1859		165 years	Formerly Batman's Hill Formerly Spencer Street
Flinders Street	12 September 1854		170 years	Formerly Melbourne Terminus
Princes Bridge	8 February 1859	1 October 1866	7 years
	2 April 1879	30 June 1980	101 years
Botanic Gardens	2 March 1859	c. April 1862	Approx. 3 years
Punt Road	8 February 1859	12 December 1859	10 months	Replaced by Swan Street (200m further along line)
Richmond	12 December 1859		165 years	Formerly Swan Street
East Richmond	24 September 1860		164 years	Formerly Church Street
Burnley	1 May 1880		144 years	Formerly Burnley Street
Richmond Park	-	-	-	Built 24 March 1890 but never opened
Heyington	24 March 1890		134 years
Kooyong	24 March 1890		134 years
Tooronga	24 March 1890		134 years
Gardiner	24 March 1890		134 years
Glen Iris	24 March 1890		134 years
Darling	24 March 1890		134 years
East Malvern	3 February 1929		95 years	Formerly Eastmalvern
Holmesglen	5 May 1930		94 years
Jordanville	5 May 1930		94 years
Mount Waverley	5 May 1930		94 years
Syndal	5 May 1930		94 years
Glen Waverley	5 May 1930		94 years

Infrastructure

Rolling stock

The Glen Waverley line uses X'Trapolis 100 electric multiple unit (EMU) trains operating in a two three-car configuration, with three doors per side on each carriage, and can accommodate up to 432 seated passengers in each six-car configuration. The trains were originally built between 2002 and 2004 as well as between 2009 and 2020 with a total of 212 three-car sets constructed. The trains are shared with 7 other metropolitan train lines and have been in service since 2003. Comeng trains are approved for revanue service on the line, but they don't run due the abundance on X'trapolis.

Alongside the passenger trains, Glen Waverley line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The four types of engineering trains are: the shunting train; designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives, for track evaluation; designed for evaluating track and its condition, the overhead inspection train; designed for overhead wiring inspection, and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation. Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used by V/Line, Metro Trains, and the Southern Shorthaul Railroad.

Accessibility

Darling station features tactile boarding indicators and other accessible features.

In compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, all stations that are newly built or rebuilt are fully accessible. Half of stations on the corridor haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines. These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14. Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts. These stations typically also feature tactile boarding indicators, independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessible myki barriers, hearing loops, and widened paths.

Projects improving station accessibility have included the Level Crossing Removal Project, which involves station rebuilds and upgrades, and individual station upgrade projects. These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with half of Glen Waverley line stations classed as fully accessible. Potential future station upgrade projects will continue to increase the number of fully accessible stations over time.

Signalling

The Glen Waverley line uses three position signalling which is widely used across the Melbourne train network. Three position signalling was first introduced on the line in 1919, with the final section of the line converted to the new type of signalling in 1964.

External links

• Glen Waverley line timetable
• Network map
• Media related to Glen Waverley railway line at Wikimedia Commons