Robert Murray (artist): Difference between revisions

Robert Murray
Robert Murray
Born	March 2, 1936 (age 88); Vancouver, British Columbia
Education	Regina College School of Art (1956-1958); Allende Institute, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico (1958-1959)
Known for	Abstract sculptor
Movement	works within the Minimalist vernacular
Spouse	Diana Lynn Armatage (married 1959)

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Robert Gray Murray (born March 2, 1936) is considered by some to be Canada's foremost abstract sculptor.^[1] He also has been called the most important sculptor of his generation worldwide.^[2] His large outdoor works are said to resemble the abstract stabile style of Alexander Calder, that is, the self-supporting, static, abstract sculptures, dubbed "stabiles" by Jean Arp in 1932 to differentiate them from Calder's mobiles. Murray focused on "trying to get sculpture back to its essential form", he has said.^[3] His work is like colour-field abstraction.^[3]

Biography

Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, and raised in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, he has lived in the United States since 1960. He began his career as a painter, studying at the Regina College School of Art (1956-1956). In 1957 he worked at the city planning office in Saskatoon and it commissioned a fountain sculpture from him: it was his first sculpture.^[3] He went to study at the Allende Institute, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico (1958-1959), then worked at Saskatoon Technical Collegiate before attending an Emma Lake Artist's Workshop in 1959 with Barnett Newman with whom he formed a lifelong friendship.^[4] Newman looked at his paintings and asked "Have you ever thought of sculpture?"^[3] He moved to New York City in 1960 on a Canada Council grant,^[5] and although he had never studied sculpture in the formal sense, began to produce modernist, elegant, brightly colored welded-metal constructions.^[6]

Murray's works often recall natural themes through shape, color, and of course, name; other works are named after people, places, or things in North America though of course, as Murray said:

"With abstract art the piece is itself and what happens within the piece is the subject of the piece".^[3]

Murray's earliest sheet-metal sculptures were large-scale upright columnar configurations that were made by cutting and bending steel plates to form angles and corners. They were coloured with industrial finishes and created with the aid of fabricators.^[2] In 1974, Murray's sculptures became more freely formed than before, with more crenellated surfaces.^[7] Murray had a new concern with highly fluid curves that combined complexity of form with subtler colour.^[8] His ambition was to incorporate colour as a part of the metal.^[9]

Murray usually works to an architectural scale in his sculptures; they have no content but form. They can be viewed as belonging to a past aesthetic - Modernism - and lacking in contemporary relevance.^[10] But a reviewer of a recent show, Models, Paintings and Sculpture, much of it completed in the last three years, at Studio 21 Fine Art, Halifax, wrote that, when well executed, a Modernist like Murray can still make objects that achieve a "clarity and sureness that is somehow comforting".^[10]

Work in Collections

United States

Alaska

Nimbus, 1978, Alaska State Museum, Juneau

California

Chinook, 1968, Berkeley Art Museum, University of California, Berkeley^[11]
"Duet (Homage to David Smith)". artslb.org. California State University, Long Beach. Retrieved 2021-01-09.

Delaware

Sioux, 1984, Delaware Art Museums, Wilmington^[12]

District of Columbia

Marker, 1964-1965, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington^[13]

Georgia

Montauk, 1967, Adams Park Library, Atlanta,

Illinois

Windhover, 1970, Hinsdale Junior High School, Hinsdale

Maine

Pointe-au-baril III, 1995, collection of Cynthia Stroud, Brooklin^[14]

Massachusetts

Quinnipiac, 1974, University Gallery, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

and Drawing after Quinnipiac, Seven Views, 1975, University Gallery, University of Massachusetts, Amherst^[15]

Michigan

Nordkyn, 1973-4, Ferry Mall, Wayne State University, Detroit^[16]
Windhover, 1976, Grand Rapids Art Museum, Grand Rapids

Minnesota

Taku, 1976, Honeywell Plaza, Minneapolis^[7]
Track, 1965, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis^[17]

Nebraska

Nanticoke, 1980, Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery and Sculpture Garden, Lincoln

New Jersey

Hillary, 1983, Grounds for Sculpture, Hamilton
Agulapak, 1974, New Jersey State Museum, Trenton

New York

Chilkat, 1977, Metropolitan Museum, New York^[18]
Megan's Red, SUNY, Fredonia
Kiana, 1978, Storm King, Mountainville
Spinnaker, 1979, JPMorgan Chase Art Collection, New York
Siwash, Vassar Art Gallery, Vassar College, Poukeepsie
Shawanagan. 1968, Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York
Spring, 1965, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York^[19]

Ohio

Wasahaban/Claire, 1978, Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus

Pennsylvania

Saginaw, 1979, collection of the artist, West Grove, Pennsylvania^[20]
Mandan, 1985, collection of the artist, West Grove, Pennsylvania^[21]
Palestina, 1985, collection of the artist, West Grove, Pennsylvania^[22]
Pattern, 1993-1996, collection of the artist, West Grove, Pennsylvania^[23]
Pointe-au-baril II, 1995, collection of the artist, West Grove, Pennsylvania^[24]
Bethany, 1981, collection of W. Dixon Stroud, West Grove, Pennsylvania^[25]
Lillooet, 1985, collection of W. B. Dixon Stroud, West Grove, Pennsylvania^[26]

Wisconsin

Windfall, 1966, Lynden Sculpture Garden, Milwaukee

International

Canada

Alberta

Dyad, 1967, University of Alberta, Edmonton

British Columbia

Skagway, 1977, Kelowna Art Gallery, Kelowna^[7]
Cumbria, 1966, University of British Columbia, Vancouver^[7]^[3]^[27]
La Guardia, 1968 Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver^[28]
Ceres, 1962 , J. A. and Mary Pyrch Collection, Victoria^[29]
Juneau, 1977, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Victoria^[30]
Kennebec, 1978, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Victoria^[31]
Oneida, 1978, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Victoria
Hillary, 1983, serigraph, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Victoria
Lennon Yellow, 1980, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Victoria^[32]

Ontario

TO, 1963, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto^[33]
Swing, 1974, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto^[34]
Ferus, 2001, Pointe au Baril
Kawaatebiishing, 2003, Pointe au Baril
Pointe au Baril II, 2003, Pointe au Baril
Gap, 1973, Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa
Huron, 1974, Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa
Juneau, 1976, Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa^[7]^[30]
Prairie, 1965–66, Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa^[35]
Roll, 1973, Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa
Sitka, 1976, Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa
Split, 1973, Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa
Togiak, 1974, Canada Council Art Bank, Ottawa^[8]
Tundra (for Barnett Newman), 1972-3, Carleton University, Ottawa
Haida, 1973, Dept. of External Affairs, Ottawa
Adam and Eve, 1962-3, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa^[36]
Arroyo, 1968, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa^[37]
Breaker, 1965, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa^[38]
Burwash, 1970, ed. of 17, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa^[39]
Caldwell, 1973, lithograph, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa^[40]
Chilcotin, 1969, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa^[7]^[41]
Untitled, 1969, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa^[42]
Working Model for "Fountain Sculpture" 1959, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa^[43] and Drawing for Fountain Sculpture, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa ^[44]
Trent Series I-10, 1981, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa ^[45]
Lillooet, 2007, Snug Harbor
Mbishkaad]/To Ascend, 2004, One King West, Toronto
Becca's H, 1973, University of Toronto, Toronto
Cascade, 1983, University College art collection, University of Toronto, Toronto^[46]
Charybdis, 1962, Paul and Dinah Arthur, Toronto^[47]
Ferus, 1963, Paul and Dinah Arthur, Toronto^[48]
Lazarus 1961-2, Estate of Marie Fleming, Toronto^[49]
Mesa (1967) Mr. and Mrs. David Mirvish, Toronto^[7]
Arthabaska, 1966-1967, Gallery Stratford, Stratford, Ontario^[50]

New Brunswick

Nunc Dimittis, New Brunswick Museum, St. John^[51]

Saskatchewan

Rainmaker, 1959–60, Saskatoon City Hall, Saskatoon
Study for Saskatoon, 1976, Mendel Art Gallery, Saskatoon

Not Located

Chief (1964)
Bank (1968)
Teal (1969)
Garnet (1974)
Magnetawan (1974)
Tikchik (1974)
Kodiak (1975)
Seward (1976)
Willow (1976)
Alagash, 1978
Chesapeake (1980)
Spinnaker (1980)
Susquehana (1980)
Pointe au Baril IX (2003)
No Exit (2004)
Ferus (model B) (2008)

References

^ Boyanoski, Christine (2010). Sculpture before 1950, The Visual Arts in Canada: the Twentieth Century. Foss, Brian., Paikowsky, Sandra., Whitelaw, Anne (eds.). Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-542125-5. OCLC 432401392.
^ ^a ^b Gagnon, François. "Sculpture". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Robert Murray discusses Cumbria". www.youtube.com. Morris and Helen Belkin Gallery, Vancouver. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 20.
^ MacDonald 1979, p. 1341.
^ Tippett 2017, p. 159.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Marshall 1979, pp. 8–13.
^ ^a ^b Leclerc 1999, p. 110.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 122.
^ ^a ^b Cronin, Ray. "Robert Murray". canadianart.ca. Canadian Art, August 9, 2018. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 100.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 126.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 88.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 140.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 111.
^ "ArtWalk" (PDF). Wayne State University Art Collection. Wayne State University.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 94.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 112.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 89.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 116.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 127.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 130.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 136.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 138.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 120.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 128.
^ "Robert Murray". www.aci-iac.ca. Art Institute. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 102.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 74.
^ ^a ^b Leclerc 1999, p. 114.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 115.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 118.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 86.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 109.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 92.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 82.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 98.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 90.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 106.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 108.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 104.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 103.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 70.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 72.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 132-134.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 124.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 76.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 84.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 78.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 96.
^ Leclerc 1999, p. 80.

Bibliography

Leclerc, Denise, with a technical section by Robert Murray and Marion H. Barclay (1999). Robert Murray: The Factory as Studio. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada. Retrieved 2020-12-21.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lippincott, Jonathan D. (2019). Robert Murray: Sculpture. Design Books. Retrieved 2021-01-10.
MacDonald, Colin S. (1979). A Dictionary of Canadian Artists, vol. 4 (Third ed.). Ottawa: Canadian Paperbacks Publishing. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
Murray, Robert and Marion Barclay (1999). Robert Murray: The Factory as Studio. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada. p. 150. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
Marshall, Neil (1979). Robert Murray: A Sculpture Exhibition. Dayton, Ohio: Dayton Art Institute. OCLC 5565367. Retrieved 2021-01-06.
Tippett, Maria (2017). "Sculpture in Canada". Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. Retrieved 2020-12-20.

External links

Robert Murray: Sculpture
Robert Murray fonds at the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario

[1] Boyanoski, Christine (2010). Sculpture before 1950, The Visual Arts in Canada: the Twentieth Century. Foss, Brian., Paikowsky, Sandra., Whitelaw, Anne (eds.). Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-19-542125-5. OCLC 432401392.

[Gagnon-2] Gagnon, François. "Sculpture". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2020-12-20.

[murray-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Robert Murray discusses Cumbria". www.youtube.com. Morris and Helen Belkin Gallery, Vancouver. Retrieved 11 August 2022.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199920-4] Leclerc 1999, p. 20.

[FOOTNOTEMacDonald19791341-5] MacDonald 1979, p. 1341.

[FOOTNOTETippett2017159-6] Tippett 2017, p. 159.

[FOOTNOTEMarshall19798–13-7] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Marshall 1979, pp. 8–13.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999110-8] Leclerc 1999, p. 110.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999122-9] Leclerc 1999, p. 122.

[Cronin-10] Cronin, Ray. "Robert Murray". canadianart.ca. Canadian Art, August 9, 2018. Retrieved 2021-01-10.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999100-11] Leclerc 1999, p. 100.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999126-12] Leclerc 1999, p. 126.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199988-13] Leclerc 1999, p. 88.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999140-14] Leclerc 1999, p. 140.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999111-15] Leclerc 1999, p. 111.

[wsu-16] "ArtWalk" (PDF). Wayne State University Art Collection. Wayne State University.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199994-17] Leclerc 1999, p. 94.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999112-18] Leclerc 1999, p. 112.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199989-19] Leclerc 1999, p. 89.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999116-20] Leclerc 1999, p. 116.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999127-21] Leclerc 1999, p. 127.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999130-22] Leclerc 1999, p. 130.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999136-23] Leclerc 1999, p. 136.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999138-24] Leclerc 1999, p. 138.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999120-25] Leclerc 1999, p. 120.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999128-26] Leclerc 1999, p. 128.

[27] "Robert Murray". www.aci-iac.ca. Art Institute. Retrieved 13 August 2022.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999102-28] Leclerc 1999, p. 102.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199974-29] Leclerc 1999, p. 74.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999114-30] Leclerc 1999, p. 114.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999115-31] Leclerc 1999, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999118-32] Leclerc 1999, p. 118.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199986-33] Leclerc 1999, p. 86.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999109-34] Leclerc 1999, p. 109.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199992-35] Leclerc 1999, p. 92.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199982-36] Leclerc 1999, p. 82.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199998-37] Leclerc 1999, p. 98.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199990-38] Leclerc 1999, p. 90.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999106-39] Leclerc 1999, p. 106.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999108-40] Leclerc 1999, p. 108.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999104-41] Leclerc 1999, p. 104.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999103-42] Leclerc 1999, p. 103.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199970-43] Leclerc 1999, p. 70.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199972-44] Leclerc 1999, p. 72.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999132-134-45] Leclerc 1999, p. 132-134.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc1999124-46] Leclerc 1999, p. 124.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199976-47] Leclerc 1999, p. 76.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199984-48] Leclerc 1999, p. 84.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199978-49] Leclerc 1999, p. 78.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199996-50] Leclerc 1999, p. 96.

[FOOTNOTELeclerc199980-51] Leclerc 1999, p. 80.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Canadian artist, born 1936}}
 {{Infobox artist
-| name          = Robert Murray
+| name             = Robert Murray
-| image         =
+| image            =
-| image_size    =
+| image_size       =
-| caption       = ''Tundra'' (1972) by Robert Murray (artist) at [[Carleton University]] in [[Ottawa, Ontario]] [[Canada]]
+| caption          = ''Tundra'' (1972) by Robert Murray (artist) at [[Carleton University]] in [[Ottawa, Ontario]] [[Canada]]
-| birth_name    =
+| birth_name       =
-| birth_date    = {{birth date and age|1936|3|2}}
+| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1936|3|2}}
-| birth_place   = [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]
+| birth_place      = [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]]
-| death_date    =
+| death_date       =
-| death_place   =
+| death_place      =
-| nationality   = Canadian
+| nationality      =
-| known_for     = abstract [[sculptor]]
+| known_for        = Abstract [[sculptor]]
-| spouse        = Diana Lynn Armatage (married 1959)
+| spouse           = Diana Lynn Armatage (married 1959)
-| training      = [[University of Regina|Regina College School of Art]] (1956-1958); Allende Institute, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico (1958-1959)
+| training         = [[University of Regina|Regina College School of Art]] (1956-1958); Allende Institute, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico (1958-1959)
-| movement      = works within the Minimalist vernacular
+| movement         = works within the Minimalist vernacular
-| notable_works =
+| notable_works    =
-| patrons       =
+| patrons          =
-| awards        =
+| awards           =
 }}
-'''Robert Gray Murray''' (born March 2, 1936) is considered Canada`s foremost abstract  [[sculptor]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/432401392|last1=Boyanoski |first1=Christine |title=Sculpture before 1950, The Visual Arts in Canada: the Twentieth Century|p=153|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Foss, Brian., Paikowsky, Sandra., Whitelaw, Anne (eds.)|isbn=978-0-19-542125-5|location=Don Mills, Ont.}}</ref> He also has been called the most important sculptor of his generation worldwide.<ref name="Gagnon">{{cite web |last1=Gagnon |first1=François |title=Sculpture |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sculpture |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |publisher=Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=2020-12-20}}</ref> His large outdoor works are said to resemble the abstract ''stabile'' style of [[Alexander Calder]],  that is, the self-supporting, static, abstract sculptures, dubbed "stabiles" by [[Jean Arp]] in 1932 to differentiate them from Calder`s mobiles. Murray focused on "trying to get sculpture back to its essential form", he has said.<ref name="murray " /> His work is like colour-field abstraction.<ref name="murray " />
+'''Robert Gray Murray''' (born March 2, 1936) is considered by some to be Canada's foremost abstract  [[sculptor]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/432401392|last1=Boyanoski |first1=Christine |title=Sculpture before 1950, The Visual Arts in Canada: the Twentieth Century|page=153|date=2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Foss, Brian., Paikowsky, Sandra., Whitelaw, Anne (eds.)|isbn=978-0-19-542125-5|location=Don Mills, Ont.|oclc=432401392 }}</ref> He also has been called the most important sculptor of his generation worldwide.<ref name="Gagnon">{{cite web |last1=Gagnon |first1=François |title=Sculpture |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sculpture |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca |publisher=Canadian Encyclopedia |access-date=2020-12-20}}</ref> His large outdoor works are said to resemble the abstract ''stabile'' style of [[Alexander Calder]],  that is, the self-supporting, static, abstract sculptures, dubbed "stabiles" by [[Jean Arp]] in 1932 to differentiate them from Calder's mobiles. Murray focused on "trying to get sculpture back to its essential form", he has said.<ref name="murray " /> His work is like colour-field abstraction.<ref name="murray " />
 ==Biography==
 Born in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], and raised in [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], he has lived in the [[United States]] since 1960. He began his career as a painter, studying at the [[University of Regina|Regina College School of Art]] (1956-1956). In 1957 he worked at the city planning office in Saskatoon and it commissioned a fountain sculpture from him: it was his first sculpture.<ref name="murray " /> He went to study at the Allende Institute, San Miguel de Allende, Mexico (1958-1959), then worked at Saskatoon Technical Collegiate before attending an [[Emma Lake Artists' Workshops|Emma Lake Artist's Workshop]] in 1959 with [[Barnett Newman]] with whom he formed a lifelong friendship.{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=20}} Newman looked at his paintings and asked "Have you ever thought of sculpture?"<ref name="murray " /> He moved to [[New York City]] in 1960 on a [[Canada Council]] grant,{{sfn|MacDonald |1979|p=1341}} and although he had never studied sculpture in the formal sense, began to produce modernist, elegant, brightly colored welded-metal constructions.{{sfn|Tippett |2017|p=159}}
 Murray's works often recall natural themes through shape, color, and of course, name; other works are named after people, places, or things in North America though of course, as Murray said:<blockquote>"With abstract art the piece is itself and what happens within the piece is the subject of the piece".<ref name="murray " /></blockquote>
-Murray’s earliest sheet-metal sculptures were large-scale upright columnar configurations that were made by cutting and bending steel plates to form angles and corners. They were coloured with industrial finishes and created with the aid of fabricators.<ref name="Gagnon" /> In 1974, Murray's sculptures became more freely formed than before, with more crenellated surfaces.{{sfn|Marshall |1979|pp=8-13}} Murray had a new concern with highly fluid curves that combined complexity of form with subtler colour.{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=110}} His ambition was to incorporate colour as a part of the metal.{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=122}}
+Murray's earliest sheet-metal sculptures were large-scale upright columnar configurations that were made by cutting and bending steel plates to form angles and corners. They were coloured with industrial finishes and created with the aid of fabricators.<ref name="Gagnon" /> In 1974, Murray's sculptures became more freely formed than before, with more crenellated surfaces.{{sfn|Marshall |1979|pp=8-13}} Murray had a new concern with highly fluid curves that combined complexity of form with subtler colour.{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=110}} His ambition was to incorporate colour as a part of the metal.{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=122}}
 Murray usually works to an architectural scale in his sculptures; they have no content but form. They can be viewed as belonging to a past aesthetic - Modernism - and lacking in contemporary relevance.<ref name="Cronin">{{cite web |last1=Cronin |first1=Ray |title=Robert Murray |url=https://canadianart.ca/reviews/robert-murray/ |website=canadianart.ca |publisher=Canadian Art, August 9, 2018 |access-date=2021-01-10}}</ref> But a reviewer of a recent show, ''Models, Paintings and Sculpture'', much of it completed in the last three years, at Studio 21 Fine Art, Halifax, wrote that, when well executed, a Modernist like Murray can still make objects that achieve a "clarity and sureness that is somehow comforting".<ref name="Cronin" />
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 *''Hillary'', 1983, Grounds for Sculpture, Hamilton
-*''Agulapak", 1974, New Jersey State Museum, Trenton
+*''Agulapak'', 1974, New Jersey State Museum, Trenton
 New York
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 *''Skagway'', 1977, Kelowna Art Gallery, Kelowna{{sfn|Marshall |1979|pp=8-13}}
-*''Cumbria'', 1966, [[University of British Columbia]], Vancouver{{sfn|Marshall |1979|pp=8-13}}<ref name="murray ">{{cite web |title=Robert Murray descusses Cumbria |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCR8fCm7XU0 |website=www.youtube.com |publisher=Morris and Helen Belkin Gallery, Vancouver |access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Murray |url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/online-exhibitions/mastery-in-metal/gallery/99359/ |website=www.aci-iac.ca |publisher=Art Institute |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>
+*''Cumbria'', 1966, [[University of British Columbia]], Vancouver{{sfn|Marshall |1979|pp=8-13}}<ref name="murray ">{{cite web |title=Robert Murray discusses Cumbria |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCR8fCm7XU0 |website=www.youtube.com |publisher=Morris and Helen Belkin Gallery, Vancouver |access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Robert Murray |url=https://www.aci-iac.ca/online-exhibitions/mastery-in-metal/gallery/99359/ |website=www.aci-iac.ca |publisher=Art Institute |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref>
 *''La Guardia'', 1968 [[Vancouver Art Gallery]], Vancouver{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=102}}
 *''Ceres'', 1962 , J. A. and Mary Pyrch Collection, Victoria{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=74}}
@@ Line 152: / Line 152: @@
 *''Burwash'', 1970, ed. of 17, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=106}}
 *''Caldwell'', 1973, lithograph, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=108}}
-*''Chilcotin'', 1969, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa{{sfn|Marshall |1979|pp=8-13}}{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=104}}
+*''Chilcotin'', 1969, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa{{sfn|Marshall |1979|pp=8-13}}{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=104}}
 *''Untitled'', 1969, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=103}}
 *''Working Model for "Fountain Sculpture"'' 1959, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa{{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=70}} and ''Drawing for Fountain Sculpture'', National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa {{sfn|Leclerc |1999|p=72}}
@@ Line 201: / Line 201: @@
 * {{cite book |last1=MacDonald |first1=Colin S. |title=A Dictionary of Canadian Artists, vol. 4 |date=1979 |publisher=Canadian Paperbacks Publishing |location=Ottawa |edition=Third|url=https://search.library.utoronto.ca/search?N=0&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Nu=p_work_normalized&Np=1&Ntt=colin%20macdonald%2C%20a%20dictionary%20of%20canadian%20artists&Ntk=Anywhere |accessdate=2020-10-21}}
 * {{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=Robert and Marion Barclay  |title=Robert Murray: The Factory as Studio |date=1999| publisher=National Gallery of Canada |location=Ottawa |page=150|url=https://search.library.utoronto.ca/search?N=0&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Nu=p_work_normalized&Np=1&Ntt=Leclerc%2C%20Denise%20(1999).%20Robert%20Murray%3A%20The%20Factory%20as%20Studio.&Ntk=Anywhere |access-date=2021-01-06}}
-* {{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=Neil |title=Robert Murray: A Sculpture Exhibition |date=1979 |publisher=Dayton Art Institute |location=Dayton, Ohio| url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/robert-murray-a-sculpture-exhibition-the-dayton-art-institute-may-11-to-july-8-1979-the-columbus-museum-of-art-july-29-to-september-2-1979/oclc/5565367 |access-date=2021-01-06}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Marshall |first1=Neil |title=Robert Murray: A Sculpture Exhibition |date=1979 |publisher=Dayton Art Institute |location=Dayton, Ohio|oclc=5565367 | url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/5565367 |access-date=2021-01-06}}
-* {{cite web |last1=Tippett |first1=Maria |title=Sculpture in Canada |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre, 2017|location= Vancouver|url=https://search.library.utoronto.ca/search?N=0&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Nu=p_work_normalized&Np=1&Ntt=tippett%2C%20sculpture%20in%20canada&Ntk=Anywhere |accessdate=2020-12-20}}
+* {{cite web |last1=Tippett |first1=Maria |title=Sculpture in Canada |publisher=Douglas & McIntyre |date=2017 |location= Vancouver |url=https://search.library.utoronto.ca/search?N=0&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial&Nu=p_work_normalized&Np=1&Ntt=tippett%2C%20sculpture%20in%20canada&Ntk=Anywhere |accessdate=2020-12-20}}
 ==External links==

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Israel
Artists	ULAN RKD Artists
Other	IdRef SNAC